CN103143099A - 用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置 - Google Patents

用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置 Download PDF

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CN103143099A
CN103143099A CN2013100206283A CN201310020628A CN103143099A CN 103143099 A CN103143099 A CN 103143099A CN 2013100206283 A CN2013100206283 A CN 2013100206283A CN 201310020628 A CN201310020628 A CN 201310020628A CN 103143099 A CN103143099 A CN 103143099A
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马修·约恩·佩顿
凯文·彼得·奥唐奈
安德鲁·巴登·克拉克
克里斯托弗·西蒙·詹姆斯·奎尔
彼得·杰弗里·霍金斯
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Abstract

为了安全和能够控制输送给患者的湿度，在患者经受针对诸如阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）或慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的病症的治疗（如氧疗或正压疗法）时，经常测量供应给患者的气体温度。本发明公开的涉及对流过加热管（3）的气体的特性的测量，尤其是温度（热敏电阻23），所述加热管向患者供应气体，在该管内利用了加热线（21，28）。

Description

用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置
本申请是2005年8月19日提交的申请号为200580028386.6、名称为“用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性（例如温度和湿度）的装置。通常通过在临近加湿器的输出端和接近患者的这两点测量气体的温度来控制加湿器。本发明主要涉及对接近患者的点处、供应给患者的气体的温度的测量。
背景技术
为了安全和能够控制输送给患者的湿度，在患者经受针对诸如阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）或慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的病症的治疗（如氧疗或正压疗法）时，经常测量供应给患者的气体温度。通常使用插入呼吸管的探针来执行患者附近的温度测量，如Fisher&Paykel保健有限公司的美国专利号为US6272933和US6584972的美国专利。这样的温度探针通过在呼吸回路外部延伸的电缆连接至加湿器。该方法具有一些缺点。尤其是，用户必须正确安装该温度探针，如果探针未正确安装，那么加湿系统可能发生故障，这增加了患者的风险。现有的呼吸管传感器的末端需要沿呼吸管外部向下延伸的传感器线（sensor wire）。这降低了传感器的可靠性，这是由于这些线的易损性。可替换地，如果这些线沿呼吸管的内部向下延伸，将增加对气流的阻力，并且使呼吸回路的卫生状况下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种测量供应给患者的气体的特性的方法，其有助于克服上述现有技术中的缺陷或者至少为该工业提供有用的选择。
因此，在第一方面本发明存在于用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置中，所述装置包含：
气体供应，
至少一个输送导管，其包括用于加热流过所述导管的加热线，
其中在电路中利用所述加热线来确定所述气体的所述特性。
优选地，将所述电路与所述加热线串联连接，并且提供对所述气体的温度、湿度、压力和成份的至少一个的指标的测量，或者使可以计算这些中的至少一个的指标。
优选地，将所述电路安置并密封在印刷电路板上，其至少部分延伸进入通过所述至少一个输送导管供应给所述患者的气体。
优选地，所述电路至少部分被制模为所述输送导管的壁。
优选地，所述电路包括对周围环境温度具有已知特性的感测设备，使得所述感测设备能够与所述至少一个输送导管相匹配。
优选地，所述感测设备是温度传感器。
优选地，所述电路包括至少一个与所述加热线串联的测量设备。
优选地，所述至少一个测量设备是温度测量设备。
优选地，所述温度测量设备包括并联的热敏电阻和二极管以及基准电阻。
优选地，所述热敏电阻和所述二极管被定位在所述输送导管靠近所述患者的末端，并且所述基准电阻包括在所述气体供应设备中。
优选地，所述气体供应设备包括供应气流的器件，如鼓风机，和使来自所述鼓风机的所述气体湿润的加湿器。
优选地，所述气体供应设备是加湿器。
优选地，所述电路包括气体特性测量设备。
优选地，所述气体特性测量设备包括传感器、带通滤波器或热敏电阻中的至少一个和至少一个基准电阻。
优选地，所述传感器、带通滤波器或热敏电阻中的至少一个被定位在所述输送导管接近所述患者和所述至少一个基准电阻的末端，并且至少一个带通滤波器被包括在所述气体供应设备中。
本发明存在于前述内容中，并且也设想出下面给出实例的构造。
附图说明
现在将参考附图描述本发明的优选形式。
图1是与本发明测量供应给患者的气体的温度的方法一起使用的呼吸加湿系统的示意图；
图2是使给患者的气体的温度能够被测量的电子仪器（electronics）的电路图，其中，当本发明的系统正在利用DC加热和测量电压时利用该电路；
图3是使给患者的气体的温度能够被测量的电子仪器的电路图，其中，当本发明的系统正在利用用于加热的DC或AC电压和信号电压时利用该电路；
图4是包括在印刷电路板上的、并且在气流区域与导管并存的本发明的电路的导管的切开图。
具体实施方式
本发明目的在于使用安置在电线上的传感器在气体输送管或导管的末端测量各种特性，例如温度或湿度，所述电线如用于加热通过管或导管的气流的电线，其中，所述电线存在于输送管或导管内。本发明可以利用诸如在Fisher&Paykel保健有限公司的美国专利号为US6078730的美国专利中描述的带有加热线的加热管或任何其他相似的管和加热线。
参考图1，示出了可以与本发明一起使用的通气和加湿系统。患者13通过鼻插管12接收被加湿的和加压的气体，所述鼻插管12连接至被加湿气体的运送通路或吸气导管3，继而连接到加湿器8（包括加湿腔5），从鼓风机15或其他适当的气体供应设备向其供应气体。
吸气导管3被连接至加湿腔5的出口4，加湿腔5中包含一定体积的水6。加湿腔5优选由塑料材料形成，并且具有高热传导底部（例如铝底），其直接与加湿器8的加热板7接触。加湿器8设置有控制设备或电控制器9，其可以包含执行存储在相关存储器中的计算机软件命令的基于微处理器的控制器。通过吸气导管3流动的气体经由鼻插管12被传送给患者，但是也可以经由诸如鼻面罩或全面罩的其他患者接口被传送给患者。
控制器9接收来自源的输入，所述源诸如用户输入设备或通过其器件的用户可以例如设置供应给患者13的气体的湿度或温度的预定所需值(预设值)的刻度盘10。响应经由刻读盘10输入的用户设定的湿度或温度值以及其他可能的诸如感测气流或温度的内部传感器的输入，或者通过控制器中计算的参数，控制器9确定何时（或到达什么程度）向加热板7供能以加热加湿腔5中的水6。随着加湿腔5中的该一定体积的水6被加热，水蒸气开始填满该腔室内水面之上的体积，并与气体供应设备或鼓风机15提供的通过入口16进入加湿腔5的气流（例如空气）一起通过加湿腔5的出口4。
鼓风机15可以设置有变速泵或风扇2，其通过鼓风机入口17吸入空气或其他气体。变速泵或风扇2的速度可以通过另一控制设备或电子控制器18来控制，所述电子控制器18或者响应来自控制器9的输入或者响应经由刻度盘19由用户设定的压力或风扇速度的预定所需值（预设值）。可替换地，该控制器18的功能能够和另一个控制器9合并。
优选地，在导管或管道3的内部，环绕并贯穿导管或管道3设置加热元件或线11，从而防止导管内的被加湿的气体凝结。这种凝结是由于导管壁的温度接近周围环境温度，（为周围大气的温度）其通常低于导管内被加湿的气体的温度。加热元件有效地偿还在通过导管过程中气体通过传导和对流损失的能量。这样，导管加热元件确保所输送的气体在最优的温度和湿度。
这样的加热线通常由直流（DC）或者由交流（AC）驱动，并且在这两种情况下，加热电压通常在打开和关闭之间切换以控制向加热元件施加的功率。在本发明中，最优选为电线的加热元件11与电路一起使用，从而确定供应给患者的气体的特性。优选地，将该电路（图2和3中的20或40）与加热线11串联连接。该电路可以在印刷电路板上，或在可以为在气流中的塑料模具的外套内布线，或者是至少部分在导管或管道3的壁内制模的电路板。可能被测量的特性包括温度、压力、气体成份和湿度。本发明的两个实施例如下所述，一个仅使用DC加热电压工作，另一个可以使用DC或AC加热电压工作。
DC加热电压
图2示出了可以用于实现本发明的测量温度的方法的电路20。当DC加热电压25施加至加热线时，二极管22导通，并且电流流过加热线21、28，且加热线功能正常，对输送管3提供加热。当使用开关关闭加热电压25时，与加热电压25极性相反的测量电压26被施加给加热线。在这种情况下，加热线21、28中的电流不流过二极管22，而是流过热敏电阻23和基准电阻24。然后，可以在输出端27测量通过基准电阻24的电压，并且气体的温度可以被确定。使用查找表将通过基准电阻24的电压测量值27转换为温度，或者使用公式计算温度值。这与热敏电阻23与基准电阻24形成电位分压器的惯用技术相似。
更通常地，可以用阻抗（例如，电阻和电容传感器）替代热敏电阻用于压力或湿度的测量。或者通过测量通过基准电阻24的电压可以测量阻抗，或者通过及时观看通过基准电阻24的电压来确定上升时间。
电路20的一部分可以包括在输送导管3中，尤其优选地，将二极管22和热敏电阻23（彼此并联）与加热线21、28串联置于加热线在或接近输送管3的端点30（最接近用户13，见图1、2和4）的点，例如，它们可以在印刷电路板上被互连，用塑料包覆从而密封，并且安置在通过输送导管的气流中，如图4所示。而且，为了测量气体特性，可以由在外套内互连的多个部分形成电路，所述外套，如塑料外套，所述电路从输送管的塑料壁突出进入通过导管的气体。包括基准电阻24和切换线路29的电路20的所有其他的部分将包括在加湿器8的控制线路中。
可以选择热敏电阻的值，从而使其具有已知特性对周围环境温度的不同的电阻曲线。用于该电路的特定热敏电阻值的选择允许由本发明的控制系统标识，并且使该热敏电阻值和特定导管或管道3匹配。从而不同的热敏电阻值可以与特定的和适当的导管类型相匹配，并且一旦将导管连接至加湿器或鼓风机器件，控制系统能够标识该热敏电阻并应用加热导管的适当的控制方案。
AC或DC加热电压
当协同如图1所示的加热线、输送导管和系统使用DC加热电压时，意于使用图2所示的电路。图3中示出了电路40的可供选择的实施例，其提供对气体特性（如温度）的测量，并且适于AC和DC电压。不同频率的许多电压信号51、52、53在加法电路50被加在一起。这些信号包括至少一个加热信号51和至少一个测量信号53。这些信号的组合沿加热线44通过，在加热线44中创建电流（加热和测量）。建立许多并联通路41、43、45，每个包含一个滤波器（例如，如图3所示，一个低通滤波器41和三个带通滤波器43、45、48），其每个通过不同的频率范围。优选地，这些并联通路（即，滤波器、热敏电阻和/或传感器）以与关于图2描述的相似的方式定位于输送管3的末端30。这些并联通路允许加热电流通过不同通路以测量电流。也允许多个测量信号通过加热线，从而可以测量气体的不同特性（如，温度、压力、湿度、成份）。
加热和测量电流通过加热线46返回，并且能够通过许多并联的测量滤波器47、49、57滤波，所述多个滤波器通过与定位于管3的末端30的滤波器41、43、45对应的频带。加热电流采取与测量电流不同的通路。每个测量电流采取不同的通路，这取决于它们的频率，并且这允许通过使每个测量电流通过基准电阻48、54等来测量每个测量电流。并且，可以使用查找表或公式来将通过基准电阻48、54的电压转换为例如温度。在本发明的优选实施例中，测量滤波器47、49、57将包括在加湿器8的控制电路中。
在另一实施例中，输送管3的末端30处的一个或多个感测元件55、56可以由固定的阻抗取代，从而允许标识该管，使得不同的控制算法可以用于不同的导管或管。
图4参考图2或3示出了带有容纳上述本发明的电路之一的部分的印刷电路板60的导管3的切开视图。电路板60被连接至加热线21、28，并且同样地，被置于导管3内。以这样的方式，包括在板60上的热敏电阻23暴露于通过导管3流动的气体，并且能够提供对气体特性的测量。
本发明的电路和方法能够被应用于用于加湿和呼吸回路产品的这些技术的许多应用。例如，可以使用对输送管（或在患者接口中，例如鼻插管或面罩）末端的温度或湿度的测量，以更好地控制加湿器，从而可以供应给患者更精确的气体温度，提供最优的患者舒适度和疗法。另外，可以测量其他气体特性，例如患者附近的气体压力或气体成分。
本发明的装置不需要现有技术中需要的用于感测气体特性的外部电线。而且，本发明的装置仅使用两个插头或触点（与当前加热管实现方式中使用的四个插头对比）。这意味着本发明的系统可能更可靠，由于这些触点/插头可能更少损坏。用于测量气体特性的加热线的使用也可以减少呼吸管3以及相关部分的成本，尤其是如果呼吸管是一次性的。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置，包括：
气体供应，
用于将所述气体传输给所述患者的至少一个输送导管，其包括用于加热流过所述导管的所述气体的加热线，
其中，在所述导管内、环绕或贯穿所述导管定位所述加热线，并且所述加热线形成了能够确定所述气体的至少一种特性的电路的一部分，并且其中，所述电路包括与所述加热线串联的至少一个温度测量电路，所述至少一个温度测量电路包括基准电阻以及并联的热敏电阻和二极管。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置，其中，将所述电路安置并密封在印刷电路板上，所述印刷电路板至少部分地延伸进入到通过所述至少一个输送导管供应给所述患者的气体。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置，其中，所述电路至少部分地模制在所述输送导管的壁内。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置，其中，所述电路包括对周围环境温度具有已知特性的感测设备，使得所述感测设备能够与所述至少一个输送导管相匹配。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置，其中，所述热敏电阻和所述二极管被定位在所述输送导管靠近所述患者的末端，并且所述基准电阻包括在所述气体供应设备中。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置，其中，所述气体供应设备包括供应气流的器件，如鼓风机，以及加湿来自所述鼓风机的所述气体的加湿器。
7.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的用于测量供应给患者的气体的特性的装置，其中，所述气体供应器件是加湿器。
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