US2168958A - Throttle controls for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

g- 8, 1939- J. LICHTENSTEIN 2,168,958

' 'PHROTTLE CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 26, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet l 1939. J. LICHTENSTEIN 2,168,958-

THROTTLE CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 26, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 1939- J. LICHTENSTEIN 2,168,958

THROTTLE CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 26, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet I5 G l /M\- hll/l/fl/ .illlll/lllllllllllllllllll/MIP I I Fig.- 6

fivznfar' Aug. 8, 1939.

J. LICHTENSTEIN I THROTTLE CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept. 26, 1938 Patented Aug. 8 1939 UNITED STATES THROTTLE CONTROLS FOR- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Johan Lichtenstein,

Levallois-Perrea' France,

assignor to Societe Generale des Carburateurs Zenith, Geneva, Switzerland Application September 26, 1938, Serial No. 231,841 In France October 1, 1937 It) (Cl. 137139) The present invention relates to an improved throttle control vdevice for internal combustion engines.

m The throttle of an internal combustion engine is normally controlled by the pilot, but on occasion it is necessary to superimpose. a second control which limits the maximum opening which the throttlecan be opened by the pilot. For example, if it is desired to regulate the enginespeed within a predetermined limit, the throttle is controlled both by the pilot and by a speed governor. In aviation engines capable of developing their full power up to a predetermined altitude, the throttle is controlled both by the pilot and by a boost or limiting control which limits the maximum opening of the throttle in such a way that the induction pressure at lower altitudes cannot exceed the 'maximum In theusual throttle control devices, the combined control is realized in such a way that the displacements of the pilots throttle control and the limiting control are added to eachother to 25 determine the final position of the throttle. For

example,the pilots control lever is capable of varying the opening of the throttle between 0 (closed position or idling position)- and 90. If the running conditionsiare such that the limiting control dete g themaximum opening prohibits a thrott e opening greater than the opening of the throttle will be 70 when the lever of the pilots. control, occupies the position of maximum opening and it will be reduced to 40" if the pilot moves the control lever an amount which corresponds to a variation in the opening of the throttle of 30. These devices have the following inconvenience: when the pilot requires pilots desire or not. Referring again to the above example, the throttle may be brought to the closed position by a displacement of the pilots throttle control lever corresponding to a rotation of-the throttle of 70 from the position of maximum opening. If the running conditions .become such that the limiting control for the maximum opening allows complete opening of the throttle of thethrottle will open again by 20 and the pilot will again have to move his throttle ccntrol lever I drawings whereinf Figs. 1 to 3 illustrate operating diagrams of a 16 device according to the invention in various phases of operation. I

Fig. 4 illustrates diagrammatically in partly sectional elevation an imbodiment of the invention. 20

Fig. 5 illustrates a section along 5-5 of the device illustrated in Fig. 4.

Figs. 6 and '7 illustrate diagrammatically in longitudinal section two modifications of the embodiment of the invention. 25

According to the invention, the movements of the pilots throttle control member and the limiting control regulating the maximum opening are components but do not add to each other.

' one to the throttle and the other to the pilots throttle control at two points situated respectively on one and the other rod at an equal distance from the pivoting axis of the two rods. One of the .35 rods is in addition connected to the device for regulating the maximum opening. The connectin'g points of the rods with the pilots throttle control onthe one hand and with the device for regulating the maximum opening on the other 49 hand are compelled to move in two curves and the connections between one of the two rods and the throttle and between the other rod andthe pilots throttle control are such that the throttle and the throttle control occupy the slow running 45 position, when, in projection on a plan perpendicular to the pivoting axis of the rods, the said points of connectionare both at tlrepoint of intersection of the curves along which they move.

The device illustrated in Figs. 1 to .3 comprises 50 an induction passage l controlled by the throttle 2. The throttle 2 is controlled by a lever 3 mounted on its axis. The control mechanism of the throttle! comprises a system of two rods 4 and 5 pivoted to each other by means of an axis 6. '55

The rod 4 is connected at a point I to the lever 3 by means of a link 8. The rod 5 is connected at a point 9 to the lever IU of the pilot's throttle control by means of a link I i. The distances comprised on the two rods between the points I and 3 and the pivoting axis 6 are equal. The rod 4 is also connected at l2 to the control member l3 of a device l4 for regulating the maximum opening by means of a link IS. The control member l3 could be connected to the rod 5 instead of being connected to the rod 4. The displacements of the lever ill of the pilot's throttle control are limited by a stop of maximum opening I6 and by a slow running stop ll. The points I and 9 of the rods 4 and 5 are compelled to move respectively along the curves l8 and I! by means of suitable devices examples of embodiments of which will be seen from Figs. 4 to 6.

The operation of the device is the following:

In Figs. 1 and 2, the various members have been illustrated in the position they will occupy when the lever ill of the pilot's throttle control is to be found in the position of maximum opening, 1. e., in contact with the stop I6. I

If the pilot displaces the lever ll in the direction of closing and brings it to the position illustrated in broken lines in Fig. l, the control member l3 of the device for regulating the maximum opening remaining stationary, the various members take up the positions illustrated in broken lines in Fig. 1 and the movement of the lever ill effects a closing movement of the throttle 2.

Assuming the lever III to be maintained incontact with the stop iii of maximum opening then ifthe control member i3 0! the device for regulating the maximum opening is lowered a certain distance, the various members will take up the position illustrated in broken lines in Fig. 2 and the movement of the control member is of the device forregulating the maximum opening effects a reduction of the maximum opening of the throttle 2.

The length of the link H is selected in such a way that when the pilot brings the lever ill into contact with the stop ll in the slow running position as has been illustrated in Fig. 3, the point 9 of the rod 5 comes to the point of intersection 20 of the curves l8 and I9. During this movement, 'the point lot the rod 4 comes also to the point of intersection 20 of the curves, due to the equality of length of the rods between their pivoting axis 6 and their points i and 3.

The length of the link 8 is selected insuch a way that in this position the throttle 2 is in the slow running position. The rods 4 and i are then super-imposed, whereby. the throttle 2 remains in the slow running position, whatever be the position of the control member ll of thedevice for regulating the maximum opening. The movements of the control member l3 result only in pivoting the whole of the rods 4 and 5 around the point of intersection 20 of the curves l8 and IS without having. any action on. the position of the throttle 2. It can thus be seen that when the pilot brings the lever ill into the-slow running position, the throttle 2 itself retains the slow running position independentlv or the movements which the control member 83 may eiIect.

' In the device illustrated in Figs. 4, and 5, the ends of the rods 4 and 5 are each compelled to follow a straight path. To efiect this; a rod 26 connected by a rod 21 to the lever ll of the pilot's throttle control slides in a cylinder 28 pierced by a slot 29. An axis 30 on which the end of the rod 5 pivots is fixed in the rod 26 and slides in the slot 29. Similarly a rod 2! connected by a rod 22 to the lever 3 mounted on the axis of the throttle 2 slides in a cylinder 23 pierced by a slot 24. An axis 25 on which the end of the rod 4 pivots is fixed to the rod 2| and slides in the slot 24. 1

The device for controlling the maximum openmg is constituted by a boost control with a relay device of the known type. It comprises essentially a manometric capsule 3i disposed in a chamber 32 connected to the induction passage oithe engine by a conduit 33. The capsule 3i controls a slide 34 of an oil pressure relay device which comprises a cylinder 35 in which a piston. 36 moves against a spring 31.

When the slide 34 moves to the right it'puts the cylinder 35 into communication with a pressure oil conduit 33 and the pressure of the oil pushes the piston 36 downwards against the action of the spring 31. When the-slide 34 moves to the left it'puts the cylinder 35 into communication with a conduit 39 for discharging the oil and the spring 31 pushes the piston 36 upwards driving the oil contained in the cylinder 35 out through the conduit 39.

The member for controlling the maximum opening is constituted by a rod 40 fixed to the piston 36 and carrying a slide 4|. The rod 4 is connected to the rod 40 by means of a stud 42 fixed to the rod 4 and engaging in the slide M.

The operation of the device can be easily understood following the explanations which have been given with reference to Figs. 1 and 3. The throttie 2 is controlled both by the lever Ill of the pilot's throttle control and by the piston 36 of the boost control. If the pilot brings the lever l0 into the position of closure the two axes 30 and 25 reach the left ends of the ports 24 and 29 while the throttle 2 attains the slow running position. In this position, the axes 30 and 25 are situated in extensions of each other and the rods 4 and 5 which have the same length between axes are superimposed. The whole of these two rods is thus capable of turning freely about a single geometrical axis constituted by the two axes 3D and 25 and the movements of the piston 36 have no action on the opening of the throttle.

The lever ill being placed in the position of maximum opening the throttle 2 will be maintained partially closed by the boostcontrol. If

then the pilot brings the lever l0 into the slow' running position the induction pressure and consequently the pressure in the chamber 32 falls, the capsule 3| expands and displaces the slide 34 of the relay device towards the left. The

spring 31 then pushes the piston 36 upwards driving the oil from the cylinder 35 through the discharge conduit 39. But in the slow running position of the lever ill the throttle 2v occupies theslow running position whatever the position is of the piston 36 and 'the rising movement has no'eflect on the position of the throttle. The arrangement described thus avoids the reopening of the throttle as is the case with the boost control of the usual devices after a closing move- I ment by the pilot.

till) manometric capsule exposed to the pressure of the atmosphere (directly or through the intermediary of a relay device). When the height decreases the capsule contracts and normally tends to decrease the opening of the throttle but if the pilot has brought his throttle control lever to the position of closure, the throttle occupies the slow running position and the movements of the capsule are without effect on the throttle. Without this disposition, the pilotsthrottle control brought in the slow running position would prevent the contraction of the capsule or the corresponding movement of the power member of the relay device, whereby the whole force developed by the capsule or by the relay device should be applied to the connection members between said capsule or relay device and said pilotsthrottle control with a risk of breaking for said members. With the arrangement described, the capsule and/or relay ,deviceare free to move, and the closed or slow running position of the throttle always corresponds to the same position of the pilots throttle control.

In' the device illustrated in Fig. 6, the ends of the rods 4 and 5 are compelled to describe arcs of a circle. To this end, the rod 4 is pivotally connected at the axis 43 to the lever 3 mounted on the axis 44 of the throttle (not illustrated). The

rod 5 is similarly pivotally connected at the axis 45 to the lever I controlled by the pilot. The

ing what has been said above. In Fig. 6, the position occupied by the various members when the lever I D occupies the slow running position hasbeen illustrated in broken lines. Inthis position, the throttle itself occupies the slow running position and the axes 43 and' 45 are in extensions one of the other. The movements of the piston 36 of the relay device are thus without eiIect on the opening of the throttle. 1

In certain cases, it is necessary that the device for controlling the maximum opening should be able to effect the complete closure of the throttle; this is true particularly when the regulating de-' vice is a speed governor. It is necessary in this case that the pilot's throttle control should have no efiect on the opening of the throttle when the device regulating the maximum opening. brings the throttle into the position of total closure (slow running).

The device illustrated in Fig.7 answers these requirements. it comprises members similar to the members of the deviceillustrated in Fig. 6

and the corresponding members have been designated by the same reference figures as those in Fig. 6. The only difiernce' is that in the device illustrated in Fig. '7, the. length between axes of the lever l0 actuated by the pilot is equal to the length between axes of the rod 5. The link 46 is controlled by a rod 41 sliding ina guide 48 and connected to the device for regulating the maximum opening (not illustrated), forexample to the sleeve of a speed governor. The rod 41 has a shoulder 49 capable of abutting against the upper end 50 of the guide 48.

If the lever Ill controlled by the pilot is main-- -tained in a predetermined position (position il-" lustrated in the drawings) and if the rod 41 of the regulating device descends until the shoulder 49 comes into contact with the stop 50, the-rod 41, the link 46, the rods 4 and 5 and the lever 3 occupy the positions 41a, 46a, 40, 5a. and 3a illustrated in broken lines in the drawing. This takes place for example when the device regulating the maximum opening is a speed governor and that the-- engine has reached or exceeded its maximum permissible speed. The position 3a of the lever '3 corresponds to the closed position of the throttle (slow running).

In the position defined above the pivoting axis 6 between the rods 4 and 5 occupies the position 611, position in which this axis is to be found in the prolongation of the axis 5| of the lever l0 owing to the equality in length of the lever l0 and the rod"5. Under these conditions, if the pilot moves the lever l0, this movement has the efiect simply of pivoting the lever Ill-and the rod 5a around the common geometrical axis 611- 5l without aflecting the position of the throttle which thus remains in the closed position what: ever the position of the control lever l0.

What I claim is:

1. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustion engine both by a pilots throttle control andby a maximum opening control, the combination of two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods, an operative connection between one point of one of said rods and the throttle, an operative connection between one point of the other rod and said pilots-throttle control, said connecting points being situated respectively on both rods. at an equal distance to said pivoting axis, an operative connection between one of said rods and said maximum opening control, and means for compelling said connecting points of said rods to-move respectively along two curves.

2. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustion engine both by a' pilot's throttle control and by a maximum opening control, the combination of two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods, an operative coning control, and means for compelling said connecting points of said rods to move respectively along two curves, said connection between one point of one of said rods and the throttle being so devised that said throttle occupies the .slow running position when in projection on a plan perpendicular to said pivoting axis said point is -at the point of intersection of said curves.

3. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustion engine. both by a pilots throttle control and by a maximumopening control, the combination of a first pivoting lever op-' eratively connected with said throttle, a second j pivoting lever operatively connected with-' said pilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods, 9. pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to one of said levers, a pivoting axis for connecting the other rod'to the other lever, said two rods having equal lengths between axes, and an operative connection 'between one of said rods and said maximum opening control.

4. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustion engine both by a pilots throttle control and by a maximum opening control, the combination of a first pivoting lever operatively connected with said throttle, a second pivoting lever operatively connected with said pilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods", a pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to one of said levers, a pivoting axis for connecting the other rod to the other lever, said two rods having equal lengths between axes, and an operative connection between one of said rods and said maximum opening control, the connection between said first pivoting lever and said throttle being so devised that said throttle occupies the slow running position when said pivoting axes connecting respectively said rod with said levers are in substantial alinement with each other.

5. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustion engine .both by a pilot's throttle control and bya maximum opening control, the combination of-a first pivoting lever operatively connected with said throttle, a second pivoting lever operatively connected with said pilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to one of said levers, a pivoting axis for connecting the other rod to the other lever, said two-rods having lengths between axes equal to the length between axes of said second pivoting lever, and an operative connection between One of said rods and said maximum opening control. 7

6. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustion engine both by a pilot'sthrottle control and by a boost control, the combination of two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods, an operative connection between one point of one of said rods and the throttle, an operative connection between one point of the other rod and said pilots throttle control, said connecting points being situated respectively on both rods at an equal distance to said pivoting axis, an operative connection between one of said rods and said boost control, and means for compelling said connecting points of said rods to move respectively along two curves.

'7 In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustion engine both by a pilot's throttle control and by a boost control, the combination of a first pivoting lever operatively connected with said throttle, a second pivoting lever operatively connected with said pilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to one of said levers, a pivoting axis for connecting the other rod to the other lever, said two rods having equal lengths between axes, and an operative connection between one of the said rods and said boost control.

8. In a device forcontrolling the throttle-of an internal combustion engine both by a pilot's throttle control and by a speed governor, the combination of two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods, an operative connection between one point of one of said rods and the throttle, an operative connection between one point of the other rod and said pilot's throttle control, said connecting points being situated re spectively on both rods at an equal distance to said pivoting axis, an operative connection between one of said rods and said sp'eed governor,

and means for compelling said connecting points of said rods to move respectively along two curves. 9. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustion engine both by a pilots throttle control and by a speed governor, the combination of a first pivoting lever operatively connected with said throttle, a second pivoting lever operatively connected with said pilots throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to one of said levers, a pivoting axis for connecting the other rod to the other lever, said two rods having equal lengths between axes, and an operative connection between one of said rods and said speed governor.

10. In a device for controlling the throttle of an internal combustion engine both by a pilots throttle'control and by a speed governor, the combination of a first pivoting lever operatively connected with said throttle, a second pivoting lever operatively connected with said pilot's throttle control, two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting said two rods, a pivoting axis for connecting one of said rods to one of said levers, a pivoting axis for connectingithe other rod to the other lever, said two rods having lengths between axes equal to the length between axes of said second pivoting lever, and an operative connection between one of said rods and said speed governor. 9

JOHAN LICHTENSTEIN.

Images