US3598347A - Apparatus for supporting and positioning pipe welders - Google Patents

Apparatus for supporting and positioning pipe welders Download PDF

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Publication number
US3598347A
US3598347A US864356A US3598347DA US3598347A US 3598347 A US3598347 A US 3598347A US 864356 A US864356 A US 864356A US 3598347D A US3598347D A US 3598347DA US 3598347 A US3598347 A US 3598347A
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United States
Prior art keywords
boom
tractor
welding unit
support frame
pipe
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US864356A
Inventor
Lloyd J Marburger
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Caterpillar Inc
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Caterpillar Tractor Co
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Publication date
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Publication of US3598347A publication Critical patent/US3598347A/en
Assigned to CATERPILLAR INC., A CORP. OF DE. reassignment CATERPILLAR INC., A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO., A CORP. OF CALIF.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/024Laying or reclaiming pipes on land, e.g. above the ground
    • F16L1/06Accessories therefor, e.g. anchors
    • F16L1/065Accessories therefor, e.g. anchors fixed on or to vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/053Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
    • B23K37/0533Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor external pipe alignment clamps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q9/00Arrangements for supporting or guiding portable metal-working machines or apparatus
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B66C23/44Jib-cranes adapted for attachment to standard vehicles, e.g. agricultural tractors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C2700/00Cranes
    • B66C2700/03Cranes with arms or jibs; Multiple cranes
    • B66C2700/0321Travelling cranes
    • B66C2700/0357Cranes on road or off-road vehicles, on trailers or towed vehicles; Cranes on wheels or crane-trucks

Definitions

  • a tractor-mounted support for a pipe-welding device which comprises a boom on the tractor, a frame supported by the boom and supporting the welder and adjusting means between the boom and the frame to position the welder precisely with respect to the pipe to be welded.
  • the present invention is related particularly to means for supporting and adjusting this welding chamber which is necessarily quite large and heavy for use in connection with large diameter piping customarily used in cross-country lines.
  • the invention includes the use of a tractor with a sidemounted boom supporting the frame which in turn supports the welding chamber.
  • Pivoted links and adjustable means preferably in the form of hydraulic jacks extend between the boom and the frame and enable precise adjustment of the welding chamber after it has been moved into approximate position by manipulation of the boom on the tractor.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in front elevation of tractor-mounted equipment embodying the present invention and illustrating a welding chamber in position at a pipe joint to be welded;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same equipment that is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the drawing shows a tractor generally indicated at with a boom 12 pivotably mounted at one side thereof and a counterweight 14 capable of being swung outwardly from the tractor to counterbalance the weight carried by the boom. Cables 16 extend between a suitable winch (not shown) on the tractor and the boom to raise and lower it about its pivotal connection with the tractor which is shown at 18.
  • Such a welding chamber is generally indicated at 20 in the drawing and includes an annular portion 22 capable of being separated into two parts by hinge means, not shown, to enable it to be placed in position embracing the ends of the pipe to be welded.
  • the pipe is illustrated as supported and aligned by temporary supports 24 made of short timbers or the like.
  • Power means which may be in the form of a pair of hydraulic jacks 36 extending between the boom approximately midway of its length and the links 30 and 31 which support frame 32 to raise and lower the frame with respect to the boom.
  • One of the links which supports the frame, namely the link 31, IS also an extensible element preferably in the form of a hydraulic jack.
  • the tractor 10 Since the tractor 10 is capable of traveling parallel to the line of pipe lengths. supported as illustrated with their ends in abutting relationship.
  • the boom 12 under control of the cable 16 and the frame 32 under control of the jack 36 are capable of lowering the welding chamber into embracing relationship with the pipe at the joint to be welded. Precise positioning including tipping and tilting of the welding chamber is accomplished by means of the jacks 38 and 31.
  • the support equipment for the welding chamber including an electric generator and other necessary components can be carried on a wheel or track-type trailerlike vehicle (not shown) towed by the tractor, and connected with the welding chamber by necessary cables and conduits.
  • Circuits and control means (not shown) for directing hydraulic fluid under pressure to the several hydraulic jacks employed in adjusting the position of the welding chamber are of conventional type and the controls will be disposed for convenient manipulation by the operator of the tractor.
  • a tractor support system for universally mounting a welding unit employed for end-joining pipe comprising:
  • a rectangular boom having its lower end pivotally mounted on one side of said tractor with its upper end swingable outwardly relative to said tractor;
  • adjustable means connected between said tractor and said boom for controlling its position relative to said tractor
  • hydraulic adjusting means connecting respectively central portions of said boom and said rectangular frame operable to positively control their relative angular relationship
  • a welding unit support frame attached to a welding unit for end-joining pipe

Abstract

A tractor-mounted support for a pipe-welding device which comprises a boom on the tractor, a frame supported by the boom and supporting the welder and adjusting means between the boom and the frame to position the welder precisely with respect to the pipe to be welded.

Description

0 i it 1 States tent Inventor Lloyd .1. Mai-burger Peoria, 111.
Appl. No. 864,356
Filed Oct. 7, 1969 Patented Aug. 10, 1971 Assignee Caterpillar Tractor Co. Peoria, 111.
APPARATUS FOR SUPEORTING AND POSITIONING PIPE WELDERS 1 Claim, 2 Drawing Pings.
U.S. Cl 248/2, 212/8 R, 212/35 R, 214/1 PA, 248/284 Int. 1 B66c 23/54 [50] Field 01 earch 248/2, 16, 284; 219/158, 59; 254/132; 212/8 R, 59, 35 R; 214/1 PA, 147, 1 CM References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,702,137 2/1955 lves 214/147 2,983,482 5/1961 Cary 214/3 X 3,236,391 2/1966 Kennedy 212/35 X Primary Examiner-.1. Franklin Foss Attorney-Tjensvold, Feix, Phillips & Lempio Fryer ABSTRACT: A tractor-mounted support for a pipe-welding device which comprises a boom on the tractor, a frame supported by the boom and supporting the welder and adjusting means between the boom and the frame to position the welder precisely with respect to the pipe to be welded.
PATENTEUAUGIOIQ?! v 3598,34?
r L Il INVENTOR LLOYD J. MARBURGER BY 7%WTW'Z +4 ATTORNEYS APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING AND POSITIONING PIPE WELDERS Of the several ways for connecting lengths of pipe to form a long pipeline, welding the joints has been the most satisfactory and widely used. However, the cost of hand welding on the site where a cross-country pipe is installed has proven quite high and has led to research pertaining to machines for producing a uniform high quality and low cost weld at the point of installa tion. Several welding machines have been devised for this purpose. perhaps the most desirable of which is an electron beam welder which comprises an annular welding chamber made of separable halves which may be positioned to encircle the pipe at the joint to be welded.
The present invention is related particularly to means for supporting and adjusting this welding chamber which is necessarily quite large and heavy for use in connection with large diameter piping customarily used in cross-country lines.
The invention includes the use of a tractor with a sidemounted boom supporting the frame which in turn supports the welding chamber. Pivoted links and adjustable means preferably in the form of hydraulic jacks extend between the boom and the frame and enable precise adjustment of the welding chamber after it has been moved into approximate position by manipulation of the boom on the tractor.
A further and more complete understanding of the invention will be gained from the following specification wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawing.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a view in front elevation of tractor-mounted equipment embodying the present invention and illustrating a welding chamber in position at a pipe joint to be welded; and
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same equipment that is shown in FIG. 1.
The drawing shows a tractor generally indicated at with a boom 12 pivotably mounted at one side thereof and a counterweight 14 capable of being swung outwardly from the tractor to counterbalance the weight carried by the boom. Cables 16 extend between a suitable winch (not shown) on the tractor and the boom to raise and lower it about its pivotal connection with the tractor which is shown at 18.
All of this is conventional in machines known as pipelayers with the exception of the boom which, in the present case, is of more or less rectangular design rather than tapered toward its outer end as in conventional pipelayers.
In laying pipelines, it is customary to arrange lengths of pipe in end-to-end relationship alongside a ditch in which they are to be buried, then to weld them together and, with the aid of several pipelayers, each having a saddle suspended from its boom for embracing the pipe, lowering it gradually into the ditch as the tractors traverse its length.
it is present practice to weld together the abutting ends of the lengths of pipe, with a welding machine having an annular welding chamber, while the pipe is supported on temporary supports adjacent the ditch into which it is to be lowered. Such a welding chamber is generally indicated at 20 in the drawing and includes an annular portion 22 capable of being separated into two parts by hinge means, not shown, to enable it to be placed in position embracing the ends of the pipe to be welded. The pipe is illustrated as supported and aligned by temporary supports 24 made of short timbers or the like.
' pivot from 32 which is pivoted as at 34 from the upper end of the boom 12. Power means which may be in the form of a pair of hydraulic jacks 36 extending between the boom approximately midway of its length and the links 30 and 31 which support frame 32 to raise and lower the frame with respect to the boom. Other power means in the form of jacks, one of which is shown at 38, extend between the boom and the frame which supports the welding chamber. One of the links which supports the frame, namely the link 31, IS also an extensible element preferably in the form of a hydraulic jack.
Since the tractor 10 is capable of traveling parallel to the line of pipe lengths. supported as illustrated with their ends in abutting relationship. the boom 12 under control of the cable 16 and the frame 32 under control of the jack 36 are capable of lowering the welding chamber into embracing relationship with the pipe at the joint to be welded. Precise positioning including tipping and tilting of the welding chamber is accomplished by means of the jacks 38 and 31.
The support equipment for the welding chamber including an electric generator and other necessary components can be carried on a wheel or track-type trailerlike vehicle (not shown) towed by the tractor, and connected with the welding chamber by necessary cables and conduits. Circuits and control means (not shown) for directing hydraulic fluid under pressure to the several hydraulic jacks employed in adjusting the position of the welding chamber are of conventional type and the controls will be disposed for convenient manipulation by the operator of the tractor.
lclaim:
l. A tractor support system for universally mounting a welding unit employed for end-joining pipe comprising:
a rectangular boom having its lower end pivotally mounted on one side of said tractor with its upper end swingable outwardly relative to said tractor;
adjustable means connected between said tractor and said boom for controlling its position relative to said tractor;
a rectangular frame having one end pivoted on said upper end ofsaid boom;
hydraulic adjusting means connecting respectively central portions of said boom and said rectangular frame operable to positively control their relative angular relationship;
a welding unit support frame attached to a welding unit for end-joining pipe;
two spaced-apart suspension means connecting the opposite end of said rectangular support frame at spaced-apart locations with said welding unit support frame so the latter is suspended therefrom with at least one of said suspension means being adjustable to vary the distance between its associated side of said rectangular support frame and its associated side of said welding unit support frame; and
two spaced-apart adjusting means connected between said central portion of said boom and an edge of said welding unit support frame whereby through independent adjust ment of said several adjusting means the welding unit can be positively varied universally to achieve proper alignment with pipe pieces being end-welded in said welding unit.

Claims (1)

1. A tractor support system for universally mounting a welding unit employed for end-joining pipe comprising: a rectangular boom having its lower end pivotally mounted on one side of said tractor with its upper end swingable outwardly relative to said tractor; adjustable means connected between said tractor and said boom for controlling its position relative to said tractor; a rectangular frame having one end pivoted on said upper end of said boom; hydraulic adjusting means connecting respectively central portions of said boom and said rectangular frame operable to positively control their relative angular relationship; a welding unit support frame attached to a welding unit for endjoining pipe; two spaced-apart suspension means connecting the opposite end of said rectangular support frame at spaced-apart locations with said welding unit support frame so the latter is suspended therefrom with at least one of said suspension means being adjustable to vary the distance between its associated side of said rectangular support frame and its associated side of said welding unit support frame; and two spaced-apart adjusting means connected between said central portion of said boom and an edge of said welding unit support frame whereby through independent adjustment of said several adjusting means the welding unit can be positively varied universally to achieve proper alignment with pipe pieces being end-welded in said welding unit.
US864356A 1969-10-07 1969-10-07 Apparatus for supporting and positioning pipe welders Expired - Lifetime US3598347A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2837075A1 (en) * 1977-08-26 1979-03-08 Kenneth Layson Pickard VEHICLE FOR LAYING PIPE SECTIONS
US4907732A (en) * 1988-01-22 1990-03-13 Jones Richard L Right-of-way double jointer
US5297584A (en) * 1992-03-05 1994-03-29 Northern Illinois Gas Company Pipe seal
US5332110A (en) * 1993-02-22 1994-07-26 Vanguard Hydraulic Pipelayer Tractor mounted hydraulic pipelayer with side boom
FR2702982A1 (en) * 1993-03-23 1994-09-30 Aerospatiale Device for positioning a tool support or the like on the outer face of a tubular structure, especially an aircraft fuselage
US6152410A (en) * 1997-10-06 2000-11-28 Soheil Mosun Limited Hinged bracket
US6609622B2 (en) 2001-07-23 2003-08-26 Raymond Forsyth Bulldozer/pipelayer combination
US20040033109A1 (en) * 2000-12-05 2004-02-19 Giuliano Gelmi Apparatus able typically to transform a frame mounted on crawler tracks into a pipe playing machine
US20050051520A1 (en) * 2002-01-10 2005-03-10 Sumi Tanaka Processing apparatus
US20060155446A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2006-07-13 Max Segerljung Industrial truck
US20070181643A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2007-08-09 Edward Craig Method and system for weld bead sequencing to reduce distortion and stress
US20080035620A1 (en) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-14 Welding Services Inc. Equipment and process for applying an external structural weld to piping and similarly shaped pressure boundary components
US20100276227A1 (en) * 2007-03-19 2010-11-04 Patriot3, Inc. Tactical vehicle with line deployment tower
US20110084044A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-14 Caterpillar, Inc. Lightweight High-Performance Pipelayer
US10988353B1 (en) * 2019-11-07 2021-04-27 Michael S. Kelly Power winch equipment crane with hinge members
US20220008965A1 (en) * 2020-07-07 2022-01-13 James A. McLeod Clearing Device for Removal of Snow or Ice from a Pipe
US11259453B2 (en) 2019-11-07 2022-03-01 Michael S. Kelly Power winch equipment crane

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2702137A (en) * 1950-09-12 1955-02-15 Loran G Ives Tractor attached excavator
US2983482A (en) * 1956-12-24 1961-05-09 Cary Joseph Bush-clearing apparatus
US3236391A (en) * 1964-02-24 1966-02-22 Superior Equipment Company Counterweight system for tractors having side-mounted attachments

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2702137A (en) * 1950-09-12 1955-02-15 Loran G Ives Tractor attached excavator
US2983482A (en) * 1956-12-24 1961-05-09 Cary Joseph Bush-clearing apparatus
US3236391A (en) * 1964-02-24 1966-02-22 Superior Equipment Company Counterweight system for tractors having side-mounted attachments

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2837075A1 (en) * 1977-08-26 1979-03-08 Kenneth Layson Pickard VEHICLE FOR LAYING PIPE SECTIONS
US4907732A (en) * 1988-01-22 1990-03-13 Jones Richard L Right-of-way double jointer
US5297584A (en) * 1992-03-05 1994-03-29 Northern Illinois Gas Company Pipe seal
US5365977A (en) * 1992-03-05 1994-11-22 Northern Illinois Gas Company Pipe seal
US5332110A (en) * 1993-02-22 1994-07-26 Vanguard Hydraulic Pipelayer Tractor mounted hydraulic pipelayer with side boom
FR2702982A1 (en) * 1993-03-23 1994-09-30 Aerospatiale Device for positioning a tool support or the like on the outer face of a tubular structure, especially an aircraft fuselage
US6152410A (en) * 1997-10-06 2000-11-28 Soheil Mosun Limited Hinged bracket
US6843619B2 (en) * 2000-12-05 2005-01-18 Coris Di Gelmi Ing. Giuliano Societa in Accomandita Semplīce Apparatus able typically to transform a frame mounted on crawler tracks into a pipe playing machine
US20040033109A1 (en) * 2000-12-05 2004-02-19 Giuliano Gelmi Apparatus able typically to transform a frame mounted on crawler tracks into a pipe playing machine
US20070181643A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2007-08-09 Edward Craig Method and system for weld bead sequencing to reduce distortion and stress
US7703660B2 (en) 2001-04-12 2010-04-27 Aquilex Corp. Method and system for weld bead sequencing to reduce distortion and stress
US6609622B2 (en) 2001-07-23 2003-08-26 Raymond Forsyth Bulldozer/pipelayer combination
US20050051520A1 (en) * 2002-01-10 2005-03-10 Sumi Tanaka Processing apparatus
US20060155446A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2006-07-13 Max Segerljung Industrial truck
US7384233B2 (en) * 2002-07-15 2008-06-10 Stock Of Sweden Ab Industrial truck
US20080035620A1 (en) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-14 Welding Services Inc. Equipment and process for applying an external structural weld to piping and similarly shaped pressure boundary components
US7560662B2 (en) * 2006-08-09 2009-07-14 Welding Services, Inc. Equipment and process for applying an external structural weld to piping and similarly shaped pressure boundary components
US20090230109A1 (en) * 2006-08-09 2009-09-17 Welding Services, Inc. Equipment and process for applying an external structural weld to piping and similarly shaped pressure boundary components
US20100276227A1 (en) * 2007-03-19 2010-11-04 Patriot3, Inc. Tactical vehicle with line deployment tower
US8813911B2 (en) * 2007-03-19 2014-08-26 Patriot3, Inc. Tactical vehicle with line deployment tower
US20110084044A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-14 Caterpillar, Inc. Lightweight High-Performance Pipelayer
US8783477B2 (en) * 2009-10-08 2014-07-22 Caterpillar Inc. Lightweight high-performance pipelayer
US10988353B1 (en) * 2019-11-07 2021-04-27 Michael S. Kelly Power winch equipment crane with hinge members
US11259453B2 (en) 2019-11-07 2022-03-01 Michael S. Kelly Power winch equipment crane
US20220008965A1 (en) * 2020-07-07 2022-01-13 James A. McLeod Clearing Device for Removal of Snow or Ice from a Pipe
US11826797B2 (en) * 2020-07-07 2023-11-28 James A. McLeod Clearing device for removal of snow or ice from a pipe

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AS Assignment

Owner name: CATERPILLAR INC., A CORP. OF DE.,ILLINOIS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO., A CORP. OF CALIF.;REEL/FRAME:004669/0905

Effective date: 19860515

Owner name: CATERPILLAR INC., 100 N.E. ADAMS STREET, PEORIA, I

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO., A CORP. OF CALIF.;REEL/FRAME:004669/0905

Effective date: 19860515