US3856469A - Interferant removal from amphetamine immunoassay - Google Patents
Interferant removal from amphetamine immunoassay Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3856469A US3856469A US00320374A US32037473A US3856469A US 3856469 A US3856469 A US 3856469A US 00320374 A US00320374 A US 00320374A US 32037473 A US32037473 A US 32037473A US 3856469 A US3856469 A US 3856469A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- periodate
- ammonium hydroxide
- amphetamine
- range
- concentration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/94—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving narcotics or drugs or pharmaceuticals, neurotransmitters or associated receptors
- G01N33/946—CNS-stimulants, e.g. cocaine, amphetamines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/803—Stabe free radicals, e.g. spin immunoassay
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/815—Test for named compound or class of compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/815—Test for named compound or class of compounds
- Y10S436/816—Alkaloids, amphetamines, and barbiturates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/825—Pretreatment for removal of interfering factors from sample
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/826—Additives, e.g. buffers, diluents, preservatives
Definitions
- Field of the Invention There is frequent need for accurate and reliable determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine or like materials. Since amphetamine is a drug of abuse, there is the police function of determining whether a person has taken amphetamine. There is also the medicinal function of determining the amount of amphetamine in a biological fluid.
- Phenylpropanolamine is a common drug sold over the counter, which is taken in relatively large dosages. Because of the relatively high concentration of the phenylpropanolamine in biological fluids when used and the structural similarity of the phenylpropanolamine to amphetamine, the phenylpropanolamine obscures the detection of the amphetamine, for example, in chromatography or by providing a false signal, as in immunoassays.
- lmmunoassays are based on employing a receptor, usually an antibody, which is capable of recognizing or distinguishing a particular chemical structure. By employing techniques which distinguish between those compounds which bind to the receptor and those compounds which do not, the compound recognized by the receptor can be determined, qualitatively or quantitatively.
- Radioimmunoassays which allow for a competition between a radioactively labelled compound and the compound to be assayed have been known for a long time. More recently, two new and unique methods have been developed. The first method employs an electron spin resonance technique, entitled FRAT, supplied by Syva Corp. The second technique employs enzyme labelled with a compound which simulates the compound to be assayed, and is called EMIT also supplied by Syva Corp. The accuracy of these techniques is dependent upon, among other variables, the ability for the receptor the antibody to recognize a specific compound. In preparing antibodies to a specific compound, the compound is bonded to an antigen and the antigen injected in an animal. This results in the production of antibodies which recognize the compound. Compounds which have this property are referred to as haptens.
- antibodies While antibodies show high specificity for particular geometry or spatial configuration and a particular distribution of polar and non-polar groups, antibodies will frequently recognize similar compounds to a lesser degree and infrequently to a greater degree. This recognition of compounds other than the compound of interest is referred to as cross-reactivity.
- B-phenethyl amine e.g., amphetamine and methamphetamine
- B-hydroxyphenethyl amine compounds are antibody to distinguish between the two must not interfere with the assay system.
- it must not affect the phenethylamine derivative, so as to modify the response of the antibody to the phenethylamine derivative.
- the method chosen affect the label, so as to give a spurious result.
- a medium to be assayed for a phenethylamine derivative is combined with a small amount of an aqueous periodate solution at a mild temperature and mildly basic pH for a sufficient time to modify any B-hydroxy- B-phenethylamine derivative, which acts as an interferant, so as to destroy its interfering effect.
- the sample is then used in the determination without interference from the B-hydroxyamine.
- the method finds particular use with immunoassays.
- Liquid media suspected of containing a B-phenethylamine derivative, such as amphetamine or methamphetamine are treated with a small amount of periodate at a mildly basic pH 8) for a sufficient time to modify any aralkyl ,8phenethylamines, so as to prevent obtaining a spurious result because of the presence of phenylpropanolamine or the like compound. That is, those compounds having vicinal hydroxyamines and an aliphatic group bonded to a phenyl ring. These interferants are normally of from eight to 10 carbon atoms.
- the sample may then be used in a normal way in any of the variety of determinations, such as thin layer chromatography, immunoassays, e.g., radioimmunoassay, the electron spin resonance technique, referred to as FRAT or the enzyme technique, referred to as EMIT
- immunoassays will usually be carried out at a pH below 8, usually in the range of 5.0 to 7.5, more usually 5.5 to 7.0.
- the medium may be any source suspected of containing the phenethylamine. Of particular interest are physiological media, such as blood serum, saliva, and urine, particularly urine. Any of the normal treatments given to the fluid may be carried out prior to the periodate treatment. When the medium has been properly prepared, it is combined with the periodate at a mildly basic pH and allowed to stand, with mild agitation if desired, for a sufficient time to modify or destroy the interfering substances sensitive to the periodate treatment.
- the amount of periodate will vary depending on the particular medium and the suspected degree of contamination with interferants, but will normally be in the range of about 10" to 10 moles/ml, and more usually about 10 to 10 moles/ml, and particularly about
- the basic pH usually in the range of 8 to 10
- the periodate forms complex ions with varying pH and these complex ions are of varying solubility in aqueous systems.
- ammonium hydroxide (ammonium includes quaternary ammonium hydroxides of from 1 to 12, usually one to six carbon atoms) is used to achieve the desired pH.
- Preferred hydroxides are ammonium hydroxide (NH OH) and tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide of from four to eight carbon atoms.
- the ammonium hydroxide will be present in amounts sufficient to provide a pH of the treated medium in the range of about 8 to 10 usually 8 to 9.
- the amount in moles of ammonium hydroxide will be 2 to 20 times that of moles of periodate, more usually from about 5 to times that of the periodate.
- a reagent solution can be prepared which is 0.01 to 0.5, more usually 0.05 to 0.3 M in periodate and 0.25 to 2, more usually 0.5 to 1.5 M in ammonium hydroxide.
- the temperature of the periodate treatment will normally be in the range of about 0 to 40C, more usually from about 10 to 30C, and the assays can be conveniently carried out at ambient temperatures.
- the time for treatment will usually be as short as possible to obtain the desired results and will usually be from about 1 to 10 minutes, more usually about 5 minutes.
- the periodate is conveniently employed as an alkali metal periodate, particularly sodium and potassium, and preferably sodium.
- the quaternary ammonium hydroxides are illustrated by tetraethylammonium hydroxide, diethyldimethylammonium hydroxide, N,N- dimethyl piperidinium hydroxide, N-methyl pyridinium hydroxide, and the like. Usually, the quaternary ammonium hydroxide will be free of unsaturation, both aliphatic and aromatic.
- the sample After treatment with the periodate, the sample is ready to be used.
- the assay solution is normally sufficiently buffered to control the pH.
- the immunoassay solution will normally be at a pH of 7.5 or below. At these pHs, the periodate is found not to adversely affect the various reagents or interfere with the immunoassay determination.
- the sample may be used directly.
- N-carboxymethylamphetamine was employed for determining the amphetamine present.
- N-carboxymethylamphetamine was conjugated with lysozyme as follows:
- N-carboxymethylamphetamine mg, 0.133mM was suspended in 1.8 ml of dry dioxane at 40.
- Phosgene 12.5 volume percent in benzene) (0.715 ml) was added in one portion.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at 40 for 3.5 hours before an additional 0.2 ml of phosgene (12.5 volume percent in benzene) was added. After stirring an additional 30 minutes, the solution became homogeneous.
- the solvent was removed in vacuo at 25 in the hood. An additional 0.70 ml of dry dioxane was added for use in the next step.
- the cold dioxane solution of the above product was added dropwise over 5 minutes to a stirred, cold (0) solution of 200 mg sodium bicarbonate and 100 mg lysozyme in 10 ml water.
- the milky reaction mixture was stirred at 4 for 48 hours and dialyzed against 1.1 changed 3 times daily over a 48 hour period. The residue was lyophilized.
- the assay is carried out by combining 0.2 ml of M. luteus (30 mg) in 50 ml of 0.05 M Tris-maleate of pH 6 and 20A of amphetamine antibody (1.3 X 10""M in binding sites), followed by the addition of A of the urine sample.
- the mixture was then diluted with 0.5 ml of a solution of the above modified enzyme to provide a ratio of binding sites to moles of lysozyme of 1.5: 1.
- the reaction mixture was then aspirated into the spectrometer and the decrease in optical density measured at 436 nm for 40 seconds at 30.
- the periodate is very effective in removing phenylpropanolamine and ephedrine as an interferant. While the result for amphetamine changes with periodate treatment, a different standard curve can be obtained, which is reproducible, so that the same results for the amphetamine can be obtained with and without periodate treatment by using a different standard curve, where an interferant is not present.
- Samples of lyophylized urine containing 0.0 and 1.0 ,ug/ml of amphetamine were employed. Employing the assay technique described above, the 0.0 sample gave readings of 48; 50; 50 OD/min, and the 1.0 ag/ml sample gave readings of 59; 61 OD/min.
- 200 a! of aqueous sample was combined with 10 ,ul of 0.5 g/ml sodium periodate and 10 pl ammonium hydroxide (10 wt percent in water) the results for the two samples were: 0.0 ,ug/ml-48; 50; and 1.0 ug/ml-62', 57.
- the improvement which comprises: treating the sample to be assayed at a pH greater than about 8 with an amount of aqueous periodate solution sufficient to remove the with 100 [1.] aqueous phenylpropanolamine solution 5 hydroxyamine interferant wherein said pH is main- (55 ,ug/ml) the readings were 41; 46 OD/min. This is tained by the presence of an ammonium hydroxide. equivalent to background.
- a method for carrying out immunoassays to decentration of borate buffer at pH 8.0 is 0.18 M.
- the tect amphetamine or methamphetamine, the improvesample is treated with a small amount of dichromate to 20 ment which comprises: treating the sample to be asdestroy any ascorbic acid and 20 pl of sample is added sayed with aqueous periodate solution at a concentrato 5 ,ul of antibody solution and 5 ul of the spin label tion in the range of about 10 to 10 moles/ml in the at the appropriate buffer concentration.
- the sample is presence f a a niu h droxide in an amount sufthen taken up in an ESR capillary tube and read in an fici nt to provide a pH in the range of about 8 to 9.
- monium hydroxide is tetramethyl ammonium hydrox- The following table indicates the results. ide,
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00320374A US3856469A (en) | 1973-01-02 | 1973-01-02 | Interferant removal from amphetamine immunoassay |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US00320374A US3856469A (en) | 1973-01-02 | 1973-01-02 | Interferant removal from amphetamine immunoassay |
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US3856469A true US3856469A (en) | 1974-12-24 |
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US00320374A Expired - Lifetime US3856469A (en) | 1973-01-02 | 1973-01-02 | Interferant removal from amphetamine immunoassay |
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Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3996344A (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1976-12-07 | Biological Developments, Inc. | Phenethylamine antigenic conjugates, their preparation, antibodies and use |
US4378428A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1983-03-29 | Baker Instruments Corporation | Method for carrying out non-isotopic immunoassays, labeled analytes and kits for use in such assays |
US4444880A (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1984-04-24 | Syva Company | Periodate removal of ascorbate interference in dipsticks for immunoassays |
US4785080A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1988-11-15 | Baker Instruments Corporation | Labeled analytes |
US4868132A (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1989-09-19 | Abbott Laboratories | Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for amphetamine/methamphetamine |
US4952336A (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1990-08-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Fluorescence polymerization immunoassay for amphetamine/methamphetamine |
US5101015A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1992-03-31 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagents for an amphetamine-class fluorescence polarization immunoassay |
US5248791A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1993-09-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagents, methods and kits for an amphetamine-class fluorescence polarization immunoassay |
US5260441A (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1993-11-09 | Abbott Laboratories | Immunoassay for opiate alkaloids and their metabolites; tracers, immunogens and antibodies |
US5262333A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1993-11-16 | Abbott Laboratories | Method and reagents for detecting amphetamine and/or D-methamphetamine in biological samples |
US5547878A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1996-08-20 | Kell; Michael | Method of monitoring patient compliance with medications prescriptions |
US5573955A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-11-12 | Microgenics Corp. | Reducing tyramine interference in immunoassays for amphetamine and methamphetamine |
US5652146A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1997-07-29 | Private Clinic Laboratories, Inc. | Method of monitoring patient compliance with medications prescriptions |
US5776783A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1998-07-07 | Private Clinic Laboratories, Inc. | Method of monitoring therapeutic agent consumption |
WO1999002983A1 (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-01-21 | U. D. Testing, Inc. | Urine adulteration test method |
US6124136A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 2000-09-26 | U. D. Testing, Inc. | Method of monitoring compliance with methadone treatment program |
US6136801A (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-10-24 | U. D. Testing, Inc. | Therapeutic agent with quantitative consumption marker |
US6174688B1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2001-01-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multiassay method for determining the concentrations of antigens and interferants |
US6306616B1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2001-10-23 | Microgenics Corporation | Adsorption type confirmatory assays |
US6589779B1 (en) | 1999-07-16 | 2003-07-08 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | General signaling protocol for chemical receptors in immobilized matrices |
US20030186228A1 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2003-10-02 | Mcdevitt John T. | Portable sensor array system |
EP1354186A2 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2003-10-22 | Varian, Inc. | Lateral flow testing device with on-board chemical reactant |
US20040029259A1 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2004-02-12 | Mcdevitt John T. | Method and system for the detection of cardiac risk factors |
US6867002B2 (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2005-03-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Sample treating kit and sample treating method using the same for analysis with a biosensor |
US6908770B1 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 2005-06-21 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Fluid based analysis of multiple analytes by a sensor array |
US7022517B1 (en) | 1999-07-16 | 2006-04-04 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for the delivery of samples to a chemical sensor array |
US20060228256A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2006-10-12 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multi-shell microspheres with integrated chomatographic and detection layers for use in array sensors |
US8101431B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2012-01-24 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Integration of fluids and reagents into self-contained cartridges containing sensor elements and reagent delivery systems |
US8105849B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2012-01-31 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Integration of fluids and reagents into self-contained cartridges containing sensor elements |
US8377398B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2013-02-19 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Methods and compositions related to determination and use of white blood cell counts |
JP2021531448A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2021-11-18 | リジェネロン・ファーマシューティカルズ・インコーポレイテッドRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for Reducing Drug Target Interference in Anti-Drug Antibody (ADA) Immune Assays |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3766162A (en) * | 1971-08-24 | 1973-10-16 | Hoffmann La Roche | Barbituric acid antigens and antibodies specific therefor |
-
1973
- 1973-01-02 US US00320374A patent/US3856469A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3766162A (en) * | 1971-08-24 | 1973-10-16 | Hoffmann La Roche | Barbituric acid antigens and antibodies specific therefor |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Chemical Abstracts, 63: 8942f, (1965). * |
L. Chafetz, J. Pharm. Sci., 52, (12), 1193 1195, (1963). * |
Cited By (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3996344A (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1976-12-07 | Biological Developments, Inc. | Phenethylamine antigenic conjugates, their preparation, antibodies and use |
US4378428A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1983-03-29 | Baker Instruments Corporation | Method for carrying out non-isotopic immunoassays, labeled analytes and kits for use in such assays |
US4785080A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1988-11-15 | Baker Instruments Corporation | Labeled analytes |
US4444880A (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1984-04-24 | Syva Company | Periodate removal of ascorbate interference in dipsticks for immunoassays |
US5260441A (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1993-11-09 | Abbott Laboratories | Immunoassay for opiate alkaloids and their metabolites; tracers, immunogens and antibodies |
US4868132A (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1989-09-19 | Abbott Laboratories | Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for amphetamine/methamphetamine |
US4952336A (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1990-08-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Fluorescence polymerization immunoassay for amphetamine/methamphetamine |
EP0279213B1 (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1992-10-21 | Abbott Laboratories | Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for amphetamine/methamphetamine |
US5262333A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1993-11-16 | Abbott Laboratories | Method and reagents for detecting amphetamine and/or D-methamphetamine in biological samples |
US5101015A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1992-03-31 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagents for an amphetamine-class fluorescence polarization immunoassay |
US5248791A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1993-09-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagents, methods and kits for an amphetamine-class fluorescence polarization immunoassay |
US5354693A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1994-10-11 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagents, methods and kits for an amphetamine-class fluorescence polarization immunoassy |
US6124136A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 2000-09-26 | U. D. Testing, Inc. | Method of monitoring compliance with methadone treatment program |
US5955370A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1999-09-21 | U.D. Testing, Inc. | Urine adulteration test method |
US5547878A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1996-08-20 | Kell; Michael | Method of monitoring patient compliance with medications prescriptions |
US5652146A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1997-07-29 | Private Clinic Laboratories, Inc. | Method of monitoring patient compliance with medications prescriptions |
US5776783A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1998-07-07 | Private Clinic Laboratories, Inc. | Method of monitoring therapeutic agent consumption |
US5908788A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1999-06-01 | U.D. Testing, Inc. | Method of monitoring patient compliance with medications prescriptions |
WO1996039492A1 (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-12 | Boehringer Mannheim Corporation | Reducing tyramine interference in (met)amphetamine immunoassays |
US5573955A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-11-12 | Microgenics Corp. | Reducing tyramine interference in immunoassays for amphetamine and methamphetamine |
WO1999002983A1 (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-01-21 | U. D. Testing, Inc. | Urine adulteration test method |
US6174688B1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2001-01-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multiassay method for determining the concentrations of antigens and interferants |
US6306616B1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2001-10-23 | Microgenics Corporation | Adsorption type confirmatory assays |
US7491552B2 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 2009-02-17 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Fluid based analysis of multiple analytes by a sensor array |
US6908770B1 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 2005-06-21 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Fluid based analysis of multiple analytes by a sensor array |
US6867002B2 (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2005-03-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Sample treating kit and sample treating method using the same for analysis with a biosensor |
US6136801A (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-10-24 | U. D. Testing, Inc. | Therapeutic agent with quantitative consumption marker |
US7022517B1 (en) | 1999-07-16 | 2006-04-04 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for the delivery of samples to a chemical sensor array |
US6589779B1 (en) | 1999-07-16 | 2003-07-08 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | General signaling protocol for chemical receptors in immobilized matrices |
US6602702B1 (en) | 1999-07-16 | 2003-08-05 | The University Of Texas System | Detection system based on an analyte reactive particle |
US7316899B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2008-01-08 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Portable sensor array system |
US6649403B1 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2003-11-18 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas Systems | Method of preparing a sensor array |
US20030186228A1 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2003-10-02 | Mcdevitt John T. | Portable sensor array system |
US6713298B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2004-03-30 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for the delivery of samples to a chemical sensor array |
EP1354186A4 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2005-07-27 | Varian Inc | Lateral flow testing device with on-board chemical reactant |
EP1354186A2 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2003-10-22 | Varian, Inc. | Lateral flow testing device with on-board chemical reactant |
US20040029259A1 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2004-02-12 | Mcdevitt John T. | Method and system for the detection of cardiac risk factors |
US8257967B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2012-09-04 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and system for the detection of cardiac risk factors |
US20060228256A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2006-10-12 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multi-shell microspheres with integrated chomatographic and detection layers for use in array sensors |
US8101431B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2012-01-24 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Integration of fluids and reagents into self-contained cartridges containing sensor elements and reagent delivery systems |
US8105849B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2012-01-31 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Integration of fluids and reagents into self-contained cartridges containing sensor elements |
US8377398B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2013-02-19 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Methods and compositions related to determination and use of white blood cell counts |
JP2021531448A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2021-11-18 | リジェネロン・ファーマシューティカルズ・インコーポレイテッドRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for Reducing Drug Target Interference in Anti-Drug Antibody (ADA) Immune Assays |
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