WO2016097502A1

WO2016097502A1 - Method and device for securing an object, control method and device corresponding thereto, and secured object

Info

Publication number: WO2016097502A1
Application number: PCT/FR2015/000232
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean-Pierre Massicot; Alain Foucou; Zbigniew ZAGAN
Original assignee: Advanced Track And Trace
Priority date: 2014-12-17
Filing date: 2015-12-17
Publication date: 2016-06-23
Also published as: FR3030824B1; FR3030824A1

Abstract

The device (100) for securing an object (125) comprises: - a means (110, 120) of input of a digital file representing a photograph representing at least a part of the object, - a means (135, 140) of coding elements characteristic of the photograph as a code and - a means of storing the code in an electronic tag (130) associated with said object. In embodiments, the photograph is representative of biometric data of a person, biometric data which are, moreover, visible on the object. In embodiments, the means of input of a digital file representing a photograph comprise an image sensor (120) configured to take a photograph of the object.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SECURING AN OBJECT, METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THEIR CORRESPONDENCE, AND SECURED OBJECT

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method and a device for securing an object, a method and a control device corresponding to them, and a secure object. It applies, in particular to the securing of objects and documents against modifications of content (integrity) or counterfeits (copies).

STATE OF THE ART

There are many ways to protect a content, or message carried on a medium. For example, an encoding or an encryption is applied to the data constituting this message. However, the simple knowledge of the decoding or decryption key makes it possible to access the message. But these keys must be stored on media, for example paper, plastic or electronic or on servers. Whether these keys are worn by the user or stored on a computer system, a sufficiently equipped malicious third can reach them.

These protections are therefore insufficient.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to remedy all or part of these disadvantages.

For this purpose, according to a first aspect, the present invention aims a device for securing an object, which comprises:

an input means of a digital file representing a photograph representing at least part of the object,

a means of coding characteristic elements of the photograph into a code and

means for storing the code in an electronic tag associated with said object.

Thanks to these provisions, by reading the code stored in the electronic label, then by decoding this code, it is possible to access the characteristic elements of the photograph and one can, visually or with an automatic device, compare these characteristic elements with the characteristic elements. of the object. This ensures the integrity of the object, on the one hand, and that the code has not been associated with another object than the one for which it is intended, on the other hand. In embodiments, the portion of the object represented by the photograph represented by the digital file carries a photograph of a person, the encoding means encoding features of the person's photograph.

Thus, the photograph of the person or his fingerprints is coded and visible on the object. A user can therefore decode the photograph and make a comparison, visual or with an automatic device, between the decoded photograph and the photograph carried by the object. The user can therefore link the person possibly represented by the photograph to the object, for example a piece of identification or a bank card.

It is noted that the characteristic elements are coded and the comparison can be made by comparison between the code carried by the electronic tag and a code of a capture of a digital file representing a photograph representing at least a part of the object of which an image is captured at the time of comparison and coded in the same manner as the code carried by the electronic tag. The coding and decoding means therefore require less power and are more efficient.

According to the embodiments, the photograph is:

representative of biometric data of a person, for example his fingerprints or his face, data which are, moreover, borne by the object or

- a photograph of a part of the object, for example an accounting or contractual document or an object of luxury.

The characteristic elements of the photograph are, for example, a compression of the photograph, biometric measurements, measurements taken on the object represented by the photograph and / or minutiae of fingerprints.

In embodiments, the code includes a plurality of fields representing the characteristic elements of the photograph.

In embodiments, the device includes means for encoding a message in an anti-copy mark, the photograph, and the code stored by the storage means representing the copy-protection mark.

In embodiments, the feature element encoding means encodes the feature elements by implementing a key representative of the user's biometric data.

It is therefore not possible to access the characteristic elements without the biometric data of the carrier of the object, which increases the security of this access and guarantees the authentication of this carrier.

In embodiments, the encoding means of a message encodes the message by implementing an encoding key representative of features of the photograph. In embodiments, the coding means of a message scrambles, during coding, the message according to the characteristic elements.

In embodiments, the feature element encoding means encodes the feature elements by implementing feature elements.

These embodiments have the advantage of requiring the presence of the object or the person for the decoding step during a verification step. The data is therefore more secure and the verification of the content can not be carried out without the presence of the object or the person. In addition, the contents of the electronic label can not be accessed without the present of the object or the person. The falsification of the content is therefore made more difficult especially with regard to biometric data.

More particularly, with respect to biometric data, such embodiments allow the person to access the document data and simultaneously identify the person as being the person whose biometric data is encoded on the document.

In embodiments, the encoding means includes a means for compressing the photograph.

In embodiments, the compression means performs compression in JPEG format (acronym for Joint Picture Expert Group for joint group of image experts).

In embodiments, the input means of a digital file representing a photograph includes an image sensor configured to take an image of the object carrying the electronic tag.

In embodiments, the input means of a digital file representing a photograph includes an image sensor of a fingerprint.

In embodiments, the encoding means includes a fingerprint minutia extraction means.

In embodiments, the encoding means implements a public key for encrypting the contents of the code.

According to a second aspect, the present invention aims at a method of securing an object, which comprises:

a step of entering a digital file representing a photograph representing at least part of the object,

a step of coding characteristic elements of the photograph into a code and

a step of storing the code in an electronic tag associated with said object.

According to a third aspect, the present invention aims at a device for controlling an object, which comprises: a means for capturing a photograph of at least a part of the object,

means for reading a code stored in an electronic tag associated with said object,

a means for decoding characteristic elements of a photograph coded in the code read and

means for checking the correspondence between the photograph of at least a part of the object and the decoded characteristic elements.

According to a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling an object, which comprises:

a step of capturing a photograph of at least a part of the object,

a step of reading a code stored in an electronic tag associated with said object,

a step of decoding characteristic elements of a photograph coded in the code read and

a step of checking the correspondence between the photograph of at least a part of the object and the decoded characteristic elements.

According to a fifth aspect, the present invention provides an object associated with an electronic tag holding in memory a code representing characteristic elements of a photograph representing at least a part of the object.

According to a sixth aspect, the present invention aims at a device for securing an object, which comprises:

data input means to be coded,

a means for coding the data to be encoded by implementing a cryptographic key representative of biometric data and

means for storing the coded data in said object.

According to a seventh aspect, the present invention aims at a method of securing an object, which comprises:

a data entry step to be coded,

a coding step of the data to be encoded by implementing a cryptographic key representative of biometric data and

a step of storing the coded data in said object.

According to an eighth aspect, the present invention provides a device for accessing data carried by an object, which comprises:

data input means to be decoded,

a means for capturing biometric data of a carrier of said object,

a means for calculating a cryptographic key representative of the biometric data of the carrier of said object and means for decoding the data to be decoded by implementing the cryptographic key representative of biometric data.

According to a ninth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for accessing data carried by an object, which comprises:

a data entry step to be decoded,

a step of capturing biometric data of a carrier of said object,

a step of calculating a cryptographic key representative of the biometric data of the carrier of said object and

a step of decoding the data to be decoded by implementing the cryptographic key representative of biometric data.

In particular embodiments of these sixth to ninth aspects of the invention:

the data to be encoded comprise biometric data of a legitimate bearer of said object and / or

the data to be encoded comprise data representative of a photograph of at least a part of said object.

The advantages, aims and characteristics of these devices and methods being similar to those of the reading device object of the present invention, they are not recalled here.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Other advantages, aims and particular features of the present invention will emerge from the description which follows, for an explanatory and non-limiting purpose, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 represents, schematically, a particular embodiment of the security device which is the subject of the present invention,

FIG. 2 represents, in the form of a logic diagram, steps of a first particular embodiment of the security method that is the subject of the present invention; FIG. 3 represents, in the form of a logic diagram, steps of a second particular embodiment of the security method object of the present invention, Figure 4 shows schematically a particular embodiment of the control device object of the present invention,

FIG. 5 represents, in the form of a logic diagram, steps of a particular embodiment of the control method which is the subject of the present invention,

FIG. 6 represents, schematically, a first document to be secured, a security code and the document carrying an electronic tag holding the security code, FIG. 7 represents, diagrammatically, the two faces of a second secure document,

FIG. 8 schematically represents an identification card of a person, FIG. 9 represents portions of an anti-copy mark, respectively digital and analog, that is to say printed, carried by the object. ,

FIG. 10 schematically represents a device for securing an object of the sixth aspect of the present invention,

FIG. 11 represents, in the form of a logic diagram, steps of a method of securing an object of the seventh aspect of the present invention,

FIG. 12 schematically represents a device for accessing coded data that is the object of the eighth aspect of the present invention, and

Figure 13 illustrates, in the form of a logic diagram, steps of a method of accessing data of an object of the ninth aspect of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

As of now, we note that the figures are not to scale.

FIG. 1 shows a device 100 for securing an object 125, which comprises:

a means 10 for capturing a digital photograph of a person, generally a carrier of the object 125 and / or a signatory of a message carried by the object 125,

a means 120 for capturing a digital photograph of at least a part of the object 125,

a means 135 for extracting characteristic elements from at least one of the photographs taken by one of the capture means 1 10 and 120,

a means 150 for generating a message,

a means 140 for coding the message and the characteristics of photographs,

a means 145 for integrating the coded message and the characteristics encoded in a digital code,

a means 155 for storing the digital code in an electronic tag 130 associated with, for example, integral with or carried by the object 125 and

a storage means 105, remote from the object 125.

The digital image capture means 10 and 120 are electronic image sensors, for example electronic cameras, electronic cameras or smartphone image sensors (also called smartphones or smartphones). The capturing means 10 is configured to capture biometric data from a person, for example fingerprints, the face or shape of a hand. The capture means 110 is, alternatively, replaced by a memory holding a digital file representing these biometric data.

The means 120 for capturing a digital photograph of at least a part of the object 125 takes an image:

the complete object, for example if the object is a luxury product, or

at least one of its parts, for example a photo ID or a photo of fingerprints if the object is an identity document, data carried by a document, if the object is a document accounting or contractual.

In variants, only one of the means 10 and 120 for capturing digital photographs is provided in the device that is the subject of the invention.

The means 135 for extracting characteristic elements from at least one of the photographs produced by one of the capture means 110 and 120 implements an image processing program for extracting measurements, for example biometric, at least one captured image. For example, in the case of an image of a face, length ratios between the contours of the eyes, nose, mouth, ears or roots of the hair, are characteristic elements that can characterize a face.

In the case of an image of a fingerprint, starting from a digital trace, which is standardized in dimensions and angles, we extract singular points (including minutiae), themselves standardized. It is recalled here that a fingerprint or fingerprint is the result of the affixing of a finger on a support. The pattern formed on the support consists of dermatoglyphs. Fingerprints are unique and characteristic of each individual.

A "digital trace", a more general term, is the result of contact between a finger and a support, the fingerprint being an example of a digital trace. The papillary traces (or their fingerprints) include fingerprints (or their fingerprints with automatic identification software spotting 150 to 200 characteristic points) and palm traces (traces of the palms of the hand spotted by 1500 to 2000 points characteristics).

The digital trace can be:

- visible (or direct): it is called positive when apposition of material and it is called negative during the removal of material,

- latent (invisible to the naked eye): the trace comes from the sweat deposit (secretion of the sweat glands: 99% of water which while evaporating leaves in place salts and amino acids) and / or sebaceous secretions deposit (sebaceous glands) and / or - molded: the trace comes from the contact of a finger with a malleable surface (wax, putty ...).

The lines of fingerprints can be divided into three main types of patterns: arches (also called arches or tents), loops on the right or left and turns, whorls or swirls. These three types of footprints group together 95% of the human fingers: 60% for the loops, 30% for the spirals and 5% for the tents. We differentiate the patterns between them with the help of "singular points" on the loops, arcs or turns:

- global singular points: nucleus or center: place of convergences of the striations,

- delta: place of divergences of the streaks,

- local singular points (also called minutiae): points of irregularity found on the capillary lines (terminations, bifurcations, islets assimilated to two terminations, lakes).

In the case of the image of a face of a document, a content recognition algorithm of known type makes it possible to extract characteristic elements, for example amounts, signatures, length ratios of printed lines. , numbers of printed lines, ...

The extraction of characteristic elements may be a simple image compression, for example according to the JPEG (registered trademark) standard.

Finally, all or part of the image constitutes characteristic elements of the image.

The means 150 for generating a message provides a message, for example descriptive of the place of production of the object, the date of production, the name of the owner of the intellectual property rights on the object, etc. Alternatively , this message is a code decoding key 130 or an identifier of a decoding key.

The means 140 for coding the message and the characteristic elements of photographs perform a coding of known type, for example an encoding with the addition of error detection and correction code (or CRC for cyclic redundancy check and Cyclic Redundancy Check) with RSA type encryption (named after the initials of its three inventors, an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm), and scrambling, to provide a succession of numbers representing the message and extracted image characteristics.

In embodiments, the feature element encoding means 140 encodes the feature elements by implementing a key coding representative of the user's biometric data, or carrier of the object or feature elements.

According to a first example of such a biometric cryptographic key, the coding increases (and the decoding reduces) the noise of the coded message, according to biometric or characteristic data. The means e coding is, for example, configured for calculating a condensate (or "hash") of biometric or characteristic data and implementing said condensate to increase the noise of the captured message. The noise level then prohibits the reading of the message without knowledge of the carrier's biometric data or the characteristic elements of the object, respectively.

It is observed here that, although the biometric data are different, between the coding (sound effects) and the decoding (denoising), since they correspond to two captures distant in time and made under different conditions, their treatment, which extracts characteristics, for example by frequency analysis, frequency transformation or condensate extraction, provides data with a small variation, although not zero. Applying these characteristics, noisy as variable, to the message, increases or reduces the noise of which this message is affected.

For example, starting from a digital trace, which is normalized in dimensions and angles, we extract singular points (including minutiae), themselves normalized. By applying an "exclusive" function to an image of this trace or of these singular points or to a condensate of these images, the message is encoded or decoded.

Preferably, the sound and noise reduction (means or steps) implement a condensate (in English hash) symmetrical. This principle is relatively easy to implement with biometric data such as that of the iris because, by its nature, it is an imprint that is stable over time. By analogy, these biometric data behave, on reading, as a bar code.

Among the biometric data that can be implemented for coding or decoding are:

- the image of the iris of the eye,

- each fingerprint,

the data resulting from a treatment of a facial image, for example derived from a facial recognition,

the data resulting from a processing of an image of the hand, for example resulting from a recognition of the profile of the hand plated on a flat surface,

the data resulting from a processing of a voice capture, for example derived from voice recognition and

data derived from a treatment of a succession of positions, for example derived from a recognition of movements, for example movements of the hand during a signature, movements of the body, eye movements.

In embodiments, these biometric data are implemented by a cryptographic key generating means for generating a cryptographic, symmetric or asymmetric key. The means 145 for integrating the coded message and the characteristics encoded in a digital code defines a digital code representing the succession of symbols of the code provided by the coding means 140.

The means 155 for storing the digital code in a memory of an electronic tag associated with the object 125 is, for example, a transponder.

The remote storage means 155 of the object 125 is local and / or remote, for example a memory of a server where information about the production and the marking of the object 125 and possibly decrypting or decoding information represented by code 130.

In embodiments, the coded message integration means 145 and the coded features in a digital matrix code define a matrix of points representing all or part of the code sequence of the code provided by the coding means 140. For example, the message is integrated in a matrix of points, whose resolution makes it an anti-copy mark (that is to say, whose degradation by the print noise, that is to say the generation one-off, individually unpredictable error errors, causing a point to be interpreted with an incorrect value, and then copying can be measured to discriminate an original from a copy) as illustrated in Figure 9.

In the first particular embodiment of the security method object of the present invention, illustrated in Figure 2, the first step 205 is to capture an image, or photograph, of an object to secure against forgery and against changes. During a step 210, the captured image is entered in a software for extracting characteristic elements (measurements, ratios, contours or points, for example) or compression, which, during step 215, provides these characteristic elements.

During a step 220, the characteristic elements are coded. In a step 225, a message is encoded.

As explained above, the cryptographic key implemented can be generated from biometric data of a user or a carrier of the object or from the characteristic elements extracted from the photograph of at least a part of the object.

During a step 230, a numerical code is constituted by integration of the encodings of the characteristic elements and the message. In a step 235, the digital code is stored in an electronic tag associated with the object of which an image was taken in step 205. In a step 240, the code representing the message is printed on the object to form an anti-copy code.

In the second particular embodiment of the security method that is the subject of the present invention, illustrated in FIG. 3, the first step 305 consists in capturing an image, or photograph, representing biometric elements of a person, for example his face, at the less a digital fingerprint or at least a form of hand. During step 310, the captured image is entered into a software extraction feature elements (measures, ratios, contours or points, for example) or compression, which, in step 315, provides these features.

During a step 320, the characteristic elements are coded. In a step 325, a message is encoded. During a step 330, a numerical code is constituted by integration of the encodings of the characteristic elements and the message. During a step 335, the digital code is stored in an electronic tag associated with the object of which an image was taken during step 305. During a step 340, at least a part of the image captured in step 305 is printed on the object to be secured. This object is thus doubly associated with a person, for example, its author, signer or bearer, on the one hand, by the photograph that is printed on its surface and, on the other hand, by the code it carries. and which represents biometric data from this photograph.

In embodiments, during a step 345, at least part of the coded message and / or characteristics encoded in a digital matrix code are integrated which defines a matrix of points representing the succession of symbols of the code provided during the of the coding step 330. Then this dot matrix is printed on the object to be protected. For example, the message is embedded in a dot matrix, whose print resolution makes it an anti-copy mark.

The control device 400 of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 4 comprises:

means 410 for reading the code stored in memory of an electronic tag 130 associated with the object 125,

a means 420 for capturing a digital photograph of at least a part of the object 125,

a means 435 for extracting elements that are characteristic of at least one of the photographs produced by the capture means 420,

a means 445 for decoding the photographic characteristic elements coded in the code read, possibly according to data provided by the memory 105,

a means 440 for checking correspondence between the characteristic elements of the photograph captured by the capture means 420 and the characteristic elements encoded in the code read and decoded and

a means 450 for decoding the message coded in the code read and decoded, and for verifying the authenticity of the object, in case of correspondence between the characteristic elements.

The means 410 for reading the code stored in the electronic tag 130 is, for example, a transponder. The digital photograph capture means 420 is similar to the means 120 except that it is configured to capture an image of sufficient resolution of the possible matrix code so that it can be read.

The characteristic feature extraction means 435 is similar to the means 135. The decoding means 445 performs inverse functions of the encoding means 140. However, the decoding means 445 decodes only the image characteristic elements encoded in the encoder. code read in memory. The means 440 for checking correspondence between the characteristic elements of the photograph captured by the capture means 420 and the characteristic elements encoded in the code read in memory determines a degree of similarity between these characteristic elements and, if this degree of similarity is greater at a predetermined limit value, it provides information confirming the integrity of the object 125. Otherwise, it provides information integrity defect of the object 125, meaning that its content or shape has been altered, that it is counterfeit or the biometric data encoded in the stored code does not match the biometric data carried by the object 125.

The decoding means 450 performs inverse functions of the coding means 140. However, the decoding means 450 decodes only the message carried by the stored code and only performs this decoding if an integrity confirmation information is provided by the means 440 correspondence check. In addition, the decoding means 450 measures the noise carried by the copy protection code representing the message, for example by counting the error correction rate necessary to read this message. The decoding means 450 determines the authenticity of the object as a function of the noise measured: If this noise is greater than a predetermined value, which depends on the resolution of the anti-copy code, the object is declared as a copy. Otherwise, the object is declared as authentic.

In embodiments, the verification means 440 comprises a coding means similar to the coding means 140 of the security device 10 and a similar integration means by the integration means 145 of the security device 10. encoding and integration of the control device 40 encode, according to the same coding algorithm and the same coding keys as the coding means 140 and integration 145 of the security device 10, a numerical code which is compared with the read code by the reading means 410. In these embodiments, the decoding means 450 can be implemented once the comparison is performed by the verification means 440. There is therefore a double check of the integrity of the content to declare the authenticity of the object.

FIG. 5 shows for the verification of an object, that is to say the verification of its integrity and its authenticity, a step 505 of capturing a photograph of at least a part of the object, a step 510 of extraction of characteristic elements of the captured photograph, a step 515 for reading a code stored in the memory of the electronic tag 130 and representing characteristic elements of a photograph and an additional message, a step 520 of decoding the coded characteristic elements in the code and a step 525 of correspondence verification between the characteristic elements extracted during step 510 and the characteristic elements decoded during step 520.

Thus, one obtains the verification, or the defect, of integrity of the contents of the document without having to access a database.

If the match is checked in step 525, in a step 530, the message encoded in the printed matrix code is decoded and provides, for example, displayed. During a step 535, the noise carried by the copy protection code representing the message is measured, for example by counting the error correction rate necessary to read this message. Then the authenticity of the object is determined: If this noise is greater than a predetermined value, which depends on the resolution of the anti-copy code, the object is declared as a copy. Otherwise, the object is declared as authentic.

In a variant of the embodiments of the device and the control method illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the message represented by the anti-copy code represents or identifies a decoding key necessary for decoding the photographic characteristic elements coded in the digital code preserved. in memory of the electronic tag 130.

In a variant of the embodiments of the device and the control method illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the digital code stored in memory of the electronic tag 130 represents or identifies a decoding key necessary for decoding the message carried by the anti-virus code. copy.

We see, in Figure 6, a particular object, 600, here taking the form of a printed document and, more precisely, an invoice, before securing, above, and after securing, below. The object 600 comprises, in a portion 605 of which a photograph is captured, characteristic indications, here the name of the supplier, the date of the invoice, the number of the invoice, the object invoiced and the amount of the invoice. To secure this document, it performs an automatic reading of these indications, for example with an optical character recognition (OCR) program, and these characteristic elements of the photograph are coded in sixteen fields. 620 of a numerical code 615.

The inventors have determined that such a code has a data storage capacity of at least four kilobytes, which makes it possible to store, in asymmetrically encrypted form:

An identity photo,

minutiae and other identity information

A message, for example representing a coding key or a decoding key, or data relating to the place and date of coding, is encoded in a digital copy-protection code 635, which is printed on the document 600 and represented in the numeric code 615.

As illustrated at the bottom of FIG. 6, to secure the document 600, the digital code 615 is stored in an electronic tag 630 associated with the document 600.

As is easily understood, to verify that the content of the document 600 has not been modified, a new photograph capture and a new extraction of characteristic elements are performed, on the one hand, and a reading of the digital code stored in memory of the electronic tag 615 to extract the coded characteristic elements, on the other hand, before checking the correspondence between these characteristic elements.

Note that the correspondence check can, in this case, be performed visually by a user, for example after display on a screen, decoded characteristics elements.

To verify the authenticity of the document 600, the noise carried by the anti-copy code 635 representing the message is measured and compared to a predetermined limit value. This limit value is, for example, learned in a learning step (not shown) from the original objects 600 and copies made from these objects. Two clouds of noise values are thus obtained and a limit value is chosen between these clouds of values.

FIG. 7 shows the front 705 (top) and the backside 710 (bottom) of a second secure document 700, in the form of an identification card, for example a piece of identification. In this case, the characteristic elements of the identity document comprises the characteristic elements of a photograph 725 of the face of the document holder 700. This photograph, possibly compressed, is represented by the code 730 stored in memory of an electronic tag (not shown) By capturing an image of the photograph 725 and reading the code 730 and then decoding the code 730, it is possible to display, for example on the screen of a smartphone, the photograph represented by the code 730 and to verify that the photograph 725 was not falsified. Once this verification has been carried out, the decoding of the copy-protection code 735 printed on the document 700 whose digital original is integrated with the code 730 makes it possible, on the one hand, to determine whether the document 700 is a copy and, on the other hand, whether on the other hand, to obtain an additional message representing, for example, written indications 715 (card number) and 720 (code) carried by the front cover 705 of the document 700.

FIG. 8 shows an object 805 for identifying a person which comprises: a code 810 stored in memory of an electronic tag (not shown) and representing characteristic elements of fingerprint photographs of the person in question,

an anti-copy code 815 printed on the document 805 and representing a message, for example representing the surname, given name, nationality and address of the person in question, as well as the expiry date of the object 805 ,

two surfaces 820 and 825 intended to collect fingerprints 830 and 835 of the wearer of the object 805, a photograph of each of these fingerprints being taken to verify that the cardholder is the person in question.

The field 840 of which a photograph is taken, either for the input of a photograph whose characteristic elements are coded, or for the control of the object, covers the surfaces 820 and 825.

For example, both surfaces 820 and 825 are silver or black, smooth mirror, and serve to put two index or two inches.

To use the object 805, the surfaces 820 and 825 are cleaned, the wearer of the object places his fingers on the surfaces 820 and 825, the fingers are removed and two shots are taken:

- on the one hand code 810 and,

on the other hand, impressions deposited on the surfaces 820 and 825.

Then, elements 810 of the code stored in the electronic tag are extracted and fingerprints and their correspondence is verified. In the event of a match, it is verified that the object 805 is authentic by image processing of the copy-protection code 815 and the contents of the message are displayed.

In variants, a code consisting of printed characters, on the front or on the back of the document, participates in the reading of the code 810 and / or the copy-protection code 815, that is to say is used to determine the key of decryption or de-scrambling.

FIG. 9 shows an upper left portion 905 of an anti-copy digital code 610 or 735 and the corresponding portion of the printed analog code. As can be seen, the numerical anti-copy code consists of a matrix of rectangles 910 occupying cells arranged in rows and in columns. Here, these rectangles take only two shades, black and white. In the printed code, analogue, a large noise, due to the printing of the code, has deformed black rectangles, made them appear and disappeared, in a punctual way (that is to say cell by cell) unpredictable.

As a variant of the embodiments of the invention described above, a biometric key, that is to say determined from the user's biometric data, makes it possible to access the content of the code 130, whether for access the characteristic elements of a photograph preserved by the code stored in the electronic tag or the message preserved by the copy-protection code. In the case where, during the encoding or decoding of the characteristic elements, a symmetrical hashing function is implemented to encrypt and verify the fingerprints, the result of the hash function (or "hash" for "condensate") is used, in variants, filter to provide access to the reading of the message held by the copy code.

In variants, the hash of the fingerprint of an index is used to descramble the anti-copy code or the code stored in memory of the electronic tag.

There are several approaches:

the de-scrambling allows the authentication of the individual,

the de-scrambling allows the authentication of the object,

the application of the hash leaves the content (payload) of the readable code (the de-scrambling makes it possible to authenticate the physical legitimacy of the support)

the application of the hash leaves the identity of the code readable and renders the content (payload) of the code unreadable (restricted access to the payload) and / or

the application of the hash makes the code unreadable (high security, in the absence of descrambling the symbol remains impossible to interpret).

During the constitution of the anti-copy code, the characteristic points of the photograph of the stamp are used, hashed, to scramble the contents of the anti-copy code which is then printed on the original document.

When reading the anti-copy code, we use the characteristic points of the new photograph of the fingerprint, hashed, to undo the anti-copy code of which an image has been captured.

The hash function is thus preferentially symmetrical.

Some technical elements on the electronic labels are given below.

Radio identification, most commonly referred to as radio frequency identification (RFID), is a method for remotely storing and retrieving data using markers known as "RFID tags" or "RFID tags". "RFID transponder" in English).

Radio tags are small objects, such as self-adhesive labels, which can be associated, in particular secured to, for example glued on or embedded in objects or products and even implanted in living organisms (animals, human body). The radio tags include an antenna associated with an electronic chip that allows them to receive and respond to radio requests sent from the transceiver.

These electronic chips contain an identifier and possibly additional data. This identification technology can be used to identify objects, such as with a barcode (this is called an electronic tag).

A radio-identification system activated by an electromagnetic energy transfer consists of markers, called radio-tags or transponders (of the English transponder, contraction of the words transmitter and responder) and one or more readers. A marker is composed of a chip and an antenna.

Readers are active devices, radio-frequency transmitters that will activate the markers that pass in front of them by providing them with short-range energy that they need. The frequency used is variable, depending on the type of application and the desired performance:

125 kHz;

134.2 kHz for the transponder load; 134.2 kHz for bit 0 and 123.2 kHz for bit 1 for transponder response in the case of FSK transmission (Texas Instruments Series 2000, registered trademarks);

13.56 MHz (ISO 14 443 A 1 -4, ISO 14443B 1 -4, ISO 15693-3 and ISO 18000-3);

915 MHz in the United States, from 865 MHz to 868 MHz in the European Union for UHF (EPCglobal and ISO 18000-6c, frequencies and powers of emission depend on the legislation in force);

2.45 GHz or 5.8 GHz (microwave).

A higher frequency has the advantage of allowing information exchange (between reader and marker) at higher rates than low frequency. The high speeds allow the implementation of new features within the markers (cryptography, larger memory, anti-collision). On the other hand, a lower frequency will benefit from better penetration into the material.

Anti-collision is the ability for a reader to interact with a marker when more than one marker is within its range of detection. Several anti-collision algorithms are described by the standards (ISO 14443, ISO 15693 and ISO 18000).

Passive RFIDs do not require any source of energy other than that provided by readers at the time of interrogation. Previously, reading of passive chips was limited to a distance of about ten meters, but now, thanks to the technology used in communications systems with deep space, this distance can extend up to 200 meters.

In addition to the energy for the label, the reader sends ^" a particular interrogation signal to which the label responds.One of the simplest possible responses is the return of a digital identification, for example that of the standard EPC -96 which uses 96 bits.A table or database can then be consulted for control. The marker is extremely discreet by its delicacy (sometimes that of a rhodoid leaf), its reduced size (a few millimeters), and its negligible mass. Its cost has become minimal, we can consider making it disposable, although the reuse is more "ecologically correct".

The marker consists of:

- an antenna,

- a silicon chip and

a substrate and / or an encapsulation.

Note also the existence of "active" and "semi-active" markers (also known as Battery-Assisted Passive Tags) that include a battery.

Semi-active tags do not use their battery to send signals. They act as passive labels at the communication level. But their battery allows them, for example, to save data during transport. These labels are used in shipments of temperature-controlled products and record the temperature of the commodity at regular intervals.

Commonly, low frequency chips (125 to 135 kHz) are used for traceability of objects.

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range, high-frequency wireless communication technology that allows the exchange of information between devices up to a distance of about 10 centimeters. This technology is an extension of ISO / IEC 14443 standardizing proximity cards using radio identification (RFID), which combines the interface of a smart card and a reader within a single device.

An NFC device is capable of communicating with existing ISO / IEC 14443 hardware, another NFC device, or some existing contactless infrastructure such as transit validators or merchant terminals. The NFC now equips cards used in transport, in commerce or for access to certain public services and more and more mobile terminals. Equipped with a screen, a keyboard and an internet connection, these NFC terminals have a high potential for use by encouraging interactions between machines, objects and a context (see Internet of Things).

The main features of NFC technology include:

- communication rates: 106, 212 or 424 kbit / s (the 848 kbit / s rate is not compatible with NFCIP-1);

- frequency range: 13.56 MHz; Communication distance: maximum 10 cm (no normalization to date - no high or low limit);

Communication mode: half-duplex or full-duplex.

Standards related to NFC

NFCIP-1 (ISO / IEC 18092) defines the interface and the communication protocol between two NFC devices;

ISO / IEC 14443-1 to ISO / IEC 14443-4 define communication with contactless integrated circuits;

NDEF (NFC Data Exchange Format) defines the format for logical data exchange.

Organizations other than ISO / IEC have also standardized NFC-based uses or techniques, such as ECMA or ETSI.

In reader mode, the mobile terminal becomes a contactless card reader (active mode) or "radio tags" (electronic tags). This mode allows you to read information by approaching your mobile in front of electronic tags.

FIG. 10 shows a device 1000 for securing an object of the sixth aspect of the present invention. This security device 1000 comprises:

a data input means 1005 to be coded,

means 1010 for coding the data to be encoded by implementing a cryptographic key representative of biometric data and

means 1015 for storing the coded data in said object.

Fig. 11 shows, in the form of a logic diagram, steps of a method 1100 of securing an object of the seventh aspect of the present invention.

This process 1100 comprises:

a data input step 1 105 to be coded,

a step 110 of encoding the data to be encoded by implementing a cryptographic key representative of biometric data and

a step 1 1 15 for storing the coded data in said object.

Figure 12 schematically shows a device 1200 for access to coded data object of the eighth aspect of the present invention. This device 1200 comprises:

a data input means 1205 to be decoded,

means 1210 for capturing biometric data of a carrier of said object,

means 1215 for calculating a cryptographic key representative of the biometric data of the carrier of said object and

means 1220 for decoding the data to be decoded by implementing the cryptographic key representative of biometric data. Fig. 13 shows, in the form of a logic diagram, steps of a method 1300 for accessing data of an object of the ninth aspect of the present invention.

This method 1300 comprises:

a step 1305 of data input to be decoded,

a step 1310 for capturing biometric data of a carrier of said object,

a step 1315 for calculating a cryptographic key representative of the biometric data of the carrier of said object and

a step 1320 of decoding the data to be decoded by implementing the cryptographic key representative of biometric data.

The generation of cryptographic keys representative of biometric data has been explained above.

In particular embodiments of the devices and method illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 13:

Among the biometric data that can be implemented for coding or decoding, mention may be made of:

. - the image of the iris of the eye,

- each fingerprint,

In embodiments, these biometric data are implemented by a cryptographic key generating means for generating a cryptographic, symmetric or asymmetric key.

As can be understood from reading the above description, the present invention makes it possible to have biometric documents containing non-sensitive biometric data while having all the functionalities required for biometric authentication linking a person to a document. . In embodiments, the biometric data is converted into a cryptographic key.

As a result, the authentication no longer requires the presence of biometric data on the document, the biometric correspondence between the document and the person being done by coding or decoding using the cryptographic keys representative of biometric data.

In the case of transaction documents, for example bank cards, this biometric correspondence makes it possible to authenticate the bearer of the document.

Claims

1. Device (100) for securing an object (125, 600, 700, 805), characterized in that it comprises:

means (110, 120) for inputting a digital file representing a photograph representing at least part of the object,

means (135, 140) for coding characteristic features of the photograph into a code (615, 730, 810) and

means for storing the code in an electronic tag associated with said object.

2. Device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the part of the object represented by the photograph represented by the digital file carries a photograph of a person, the encoding means coding elements characteristic of the photograph of the person. .

3. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the photograph (725, 840) is representative of biometric data of a person, biometric data which are, moreover, visible on the object (125). , 600, 700, 805).

4. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the input means of a digital file representing a photograph (725, 840) comprises an image sensor

(120) configured to take a photograph of the object (125).

5. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the means (110, 120) input of a digital file representing a photograph comprises an image sensor of a fingerprint.

6. Device (100) according to claim 5, wherein the means (135, 140) encoding comprises a fingerprint minutia extraction means.

7. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the encoding means implements a public key to encrypt the contents of the code.

8. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises a coding means (140) of a message in an anti-copy mark (610, 635, 735, 815), the code printed by the printing medium (155) having a field representative of the anti-copy mark.

9. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the coding means (140) of the characteristic elements encodes the characteristic elements by implementing a key representative of biometric data of the user.

The apparatus (100) of claim 8, wherein the encoding means (140) of a message encodes the message by implementing an encoding key representative of features of the photograph.

11. Device (100) according to claim 8, wherein the coding means (140) of a message scrambles, during the coding, the message based on the characteristic elements.

12. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, wherein the coding means (140) of the characteristic elements codes the characteristic elements by implementing characteristic elements.

13. Device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the encoding means (140) comprises means (135) for compressing the photograph.

14. Method for securing an object (125, 600, 700, 805), characterized in that it comprises:

a step (205, 210, 305, 310) of entry of a digital file representing a photograph representing at least a part of the object,

a step (220 to 230, 320 to 330) of coding characteristic elements of the photograph into a code and

a step (235, 335) for storing the code in an electronic tag (130) associated with said object.

The method of claim 14, wherein the portion of the object represented by the photograph represented by the digital file carries a photograph of a person, the encoding means encoding features of the person's photograph.

16. Device (400) for controlling an object (125, 600, 700, 805), characterized in that it comprises:

means (420) for capturing a photograph of at least a part of the object, means (410) for reading a code stored in an electronic tag (130) associated with said object,

means (445) for decoding characteristic elements of a photograph coded in the code read and

means (440) for checking the correspondence between the photograph of at least a part of the object and the decoded characteristic elements.

17. A method of controlling an object (125, 600, 700, 805), characterized in that it comprises:

a step (505) of capturing a photograph of at least a part of the object,

a step (515) for reading a code stored in an electronic tag associated with said object,

a step (520) of decoding characteristic elements of a photograph coded in the code read and

a step (525) of checking the correspondence between the photograph of at least a part of the object and the decoded characteristic elements.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the portion of the object represented by the captured photograph carries a photograph of a person, the decoding means decoding characteristic elements of the photograph of the person.

19. Object (125) associated with an electronic tag (130) holding in memory a code representing characteristic elements of a photograph representing at least a part of the object.