Code
TOPMA
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
Tropaeolum majus L.
synonym | Cardamindum majus (L.) Moench |
synonym | Cardamindum majus Moench |
synonym | Cardamindum majus Moench |
synonym | Nasturtium indicum Garsault [Invalid] |
synonym | Nasturtium indicum Garsault [Invalid] |
synonym | Tropaeolum elatum Salisb. |
synonym | Tropaeolum hortense Sparre |
synonym | Tropaeolum hybridum L. |
synonym | Tropaeolum pinnatum Andr. |
synonym | Tropaeolum pinnatum Andrews |
synonym | Tropaeolum pinnatum Andrews |
synonym | Tropaeolum quinquelobum Berg |
synonym | Tropaeolum quinquelobum Bergius |
synonym | Tropaeolum quinquelobum Bergius |
synonym | Tropaeolum repandifolium Stokes |
synonym | Tropaeolum scheuerianum E. Morr. |
synonym | Tropaeolum schillingii |
synonym | Trophaeum majus (L.) Kuntze |
synonym | Trophaeum pinnatum (Andr.) Kuntze |
Créole Réunion |
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Global description
Tropaeolum majus is an annual to perennial herbaceous plant, glabrous, prostrate or climbing, with long slender stem, succulent and brittle, reaching 2 to 3 m long. Leaves, with long petioles, are alternate, simple, and circular with radiating ribs. The flowers are large, with long pedicels, calyx with 5 colorful lobes, the back with a long curved spur, corolla with 5 rounded petals laciniate at both ends, bright color, yellow to dark red. Fruit, globular, has 3 loculus, each containing a large verrucose seed, marked with ribs.
General habitat
Herb annual to perennial, glabrous, prostrate or climbing, reaching 2 to 3 m long.
Underground system
The plant has a taproot system.
Stem
The stem is long, slender, succulent and brittle.
Leaf
The leaves are stalked, alternate, and simple. The lamina is circular, with radiating venations and slightly lobed margin. The size of leaves is variable, depending on the soil quality.
Flower
The large flowers have long peduncles. The calyx consists of 5 lobes, yellowish or reddish in color. The dorsal lobe has a curved spur 2 to 3 cm long. The 5 irregular petals are nail shaped, 3 to 4 cm long with rounded tip, with base and top laciniate. Their color varies from yellow to dark red. The 8 stamens are divided into two series. The ovary is composed of three loculus containing a single ovule. It is surmounted by a style ending in 3 stigmas.
Fruit
The globular fruit has 3 smooth and ribbed loculus, each containing a large seed.
Seed
The seed with more or less warty envelop, is marked with 5 to 7 ribs.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Life cycle
Growth form
Liana climbing structure
Leaf arrangement
Leaf type
Type of prefoliation
Latex
Stem section
Root type
Hollow or solid stem
Stipule type
Leaf attachment type
Fruit type
Cotyledon type
Lamina base
Lamina margin
Lamina apex
Upperface pilosity
Lowerface pilosity
Simple leaf type
Lamina section
Lamina Veination
Flower color
Inflorescence type
Stem pilosity
Life form
Habitat
Geographical distibution
Origin
Tropaeolum majus is native to Peru.
Worldwide distribution
This species has been introduced, especially as an ornamental plant, to a very large number of countries worldwide, both in tropical and temperate regions.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
- http://nature.jardin.free.fr/vivace/mc_tropaeolum.htm
- Marais W., 1987. Flore des Mascareignes, Vol. 61 Tropéolacées in Antoine R., Bosser J., Ferguson I.K., ed. Flore des Mascareignes, La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues. MSIRI, Maurice, IRD, France, RBG, UK.
- http://nature.jardin.free.fr/vivace/mc_tropaeolum.htm
- Marais W., 1987. Flore des Mascareignes, Vol. 61 Tropéolacées in Antoine R., Bosser J., Ferguson I.K., ed. Flore des Mascareignes, La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues. MSIRI, Maurice, IRD, France, RBG, UK.
La flore des mauvaises herbes de la Canne à Sucre à La Réunion. Caractérisation à partir des témoins des essais d’herbicides. 2005-2016
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Tropaeolum%2520majus
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Capparales |
Family | Tropaeolaceae |
Genus | Tropaeolum |
Species | Tropaeolum majus L. |