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ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

Schematic Symbol

Definition
An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor that uses an electrolyte to achieve a larger capacitance than other capacitor types. An electrolyte is a liquid or gel containing a high concentration of ions. Almost all electrolytic capacitors are polarized, which means that the voltage on the positive terminal must always be greater than the voltage on the negative terminal.

Applications/Uses
There are many applications which do not need tight tolerances and AC polarization, but require large capacitance values. They are commonly used as filtering devices in various power supplies to reduce the voltage ripple. When used in switching power supplies, they are often the critical component limiting the usable life of the power supply, so high quality capacitors are used in this application. They may also be used in input and output smoothing as a low pass filter if the signal is a DC signal with a weak AC component. However, electrolytic capacitors do not work well with large amplitude and high frequency signals due to the power dissipated at the parasitic internal resistance called equivalent series resistance (ESR). In such applications, low-ESR capacitors must be used to reduce losses and avoid overheating. Paolo Miguel M. Padpad, ENCh4A

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