CA1250806A

CA1250806A - Hair conditioning shampoo

Info

Publication number: CA1250806A
Application number: CA000473893A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Walter P. Smith; Lori J. Dunn
Original assignee: Richardson Vicks Ltd Great Britain
Current assignee: Procter and Gamble Health and Beauty Care Ltd
Priority date: 1984-02-27
Filing date: 1985-02-08
Publication date: 1989-03-07
Also published as: US4529588A; JPS60202808A; AU3908985A; EP0153734A2; ZA851135B; ES8607718A1; AU572964B2; ES540712A0; EP0153734A3

Abstract

IMPROVED HAIR CONDITIONING SHAMPOO
Abstract An improved aqueous hair conditioning shampoo composition containing about 0.5-10 percent by weight of cocamidoproyl hydroxysultaine and about 0.1-6 per-cent by weight of a quaternary halide of an N,N,N-trialkylaminoalkylene gluconamide, the improvement being the inclusion of about 5-20 percent by weight of a mixture of two surfactants, ammonium lauryl sulfate and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, in a 1:1 to 5:1 ratio, respectively.

Description

~ 3~ V-1273 IMPROVED HAIR CONDITIONING SHAMPOO
__~___ rie Id o~ Inv-nt i~
This invention relates to improved cosmetics for use in hair treatment and, more particularly, to en-hancing the cosmetic properties of hair conditioning shampoos which contain two essential ingredients, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine and certain quaternary halides of W,N,N,-trialkylaminoa~kylene gluconamide, by the inclusion of two surfactants~ ammonium lauryl sul-fate and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate.
~9~b~
One of the essential ingredients in the subject hair conditioning shampoo composition is cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, also known chemically as 3-[~3-coca-midopropyl~dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate.
Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine is the adopted name of the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CFTA) for the zwitterion ~inner salt) conforming to the for-mula:

R-CO-NH-~CH2)3-~-CH~ICHCH2SO3 (I) ~H3 ~H

wherein ~-CO- represents the coconut acid radical. It is an amphoteric surfactant recommended for use in cosmetics and toiletries including, among others, as a base in hair conditioning shampoos. The sultaine is commercially available in the form of a free-flowing 50~ aqueous solution ~i.e., 50% actives) under such names as 7'Lonzaine~ CS" and "Mirataine~ CBS". As noted/ its use in hair conditioning shampoos is known.

~I A~ V-127 For example, in the April 1980 product information bulletin suppLied by lonza Inc. of Fair Lawn, N.J. on its trademark brand of cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, "Lonzaine CS", the specific use of this component in conditioning shampoos i5 described and exemplified.
Similar application in conditioning shampoos is also described and exemplified by the Miranol Chemical Com-pany, Inc. of Irvin~ton, N.J. in the product informa-tion buLletin on its trademark brand of cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, "Mirataine CBS".
The second essential ingredient in the subject hair conditioning shampoo composition is a quaternary halide of an N,N,N-trialkylaminoalkylene gluconamide having the formula:
- ~ ICH3 ~
HO-CH~-~CHOH)~ NH (CH2)n-~-cH2-cH2OH X~ (II) wherein X is chloro or bromo and n is an integer of from 2 to 4, and preferably 3, of which the quaternary chloride salt having the following formula is most preferred:
~ H IH ~ f H 3 +
HO~ _ _ ~ _ ~ NH-(CH2)3-~-CH2-cH2OH Cl- (III) ~ bH H bH ~H 3 Said quaternary halide salts are described in U.S.
Patents 3,766,267 and 3,855,290 for use as emoLlients in topical and cosmetic applications. The preferred quarternary chloride salt of formula (III), chemically known asqC-gluconamidopropyl dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl ~5~

ammonium chloride (CTFA name: Quaternium 22), i5 commercially available as a free-flowing 60% aque-ous solution (i.e., 60% actives) marketed by the Van Dyk Company, Inc. of Belleville, N.J., under the trademark "Ceraphyl 60".
In U.S. Patent No. 4,534,964, issued August 13, 1985~ entitled "Improved Hair Conditioning Sham-poo", filed October 4, 1982 by, among others, Walter P. Smith, one of the co-inventors of the instant ap-plication. The combined use of the aforementioned cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine ~I) and quaternary halide (II) components in an aqueous hair condit-ioning shampoo composition was disclosed and claimed.
It was shown therein tha-t such compositions provide for an increased deposition of said conditioning components on the surface of hair shampooed there-wi-th and, moreover, i-t does so without a concomitant substan-tial loss of activity in reducing the spread-ability of sebum.
Sebum, or "skin oil" is produced by the sebace-ous glands of the skin, including the scalp, and it migrates to the hair by capillary action. After shampooing, the surface of the hair is devoid of se-bum~ The hair surface becomes "oily" as sebum mi-grates along the hair shaft. By reducing or slowing down sebum migration, for example, by adding mater-ials providing such action to the shampoo which are deposited on the hair surface af-ter rinsing, the hair surface stays less oily for a longer period. Said quaternary halide salts of formula (II), and prefer-ably of formula (III) were found to provide such ac-tion in aqueous hair conditioning shampoos contain-ing the aforementioned cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (I), as shown in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No.
4,534,964. The aqueous hair conditioning shampoo compositions disclosed and claimed -therein contain about 0.5-lO weight percent (0.5-5 percent preferred) of componen-t (I) and about 0.1-6 weight percent (0.6-3 percent preferred) of component (II) with best re-sults obtained at about pH 3-6.8 (pH 5.5-6.8 pre ferred).
The present invention resides in improved com-positions useful for shampooing and conditioning hair, preferably oily hair, and constitutes an im-provement of the aforementioned aqueous hair condi-tioning shampoo compositions of said U.S. Patent No.
4,534,964, the improvement being the inclusion in such condi-tioning shampoos of two specific surfac-tants, ammonium lauryl sulfate and trie-thanolamine lauryl sulfa-te in specified amounts and ratios.
Detailed Description of the Invention It has now been found that aqueous hair condi-tioning shampoo compositions containing from abou-t 0.5 to about 10 percent r and preferably from about 0.5 to about 5 percen-t, by weight of the amphoteric surfactant, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (I) and from about O.l to about 6 percent, and preferably from about 0.6 to about 3 percen-t, by weigh-t of the N,M,N-trialkylaminoalkylene gluconamide halide salt of formula (II~, are improved by u-tilizing, as the sole anionic and primary surfactan-t component in said composi-tions, from about 5 to abou-t 20 percent, and preferably from about 5 to about 15 percent, by weight of a combination of two specific anionlc surfactants, ammonium lauryl sulfate ~ALS) and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (TEALS) in a respective weight ratio of from about 1:1 to about 5:1 and preferably from about 2:1 to about 4:1O
The subject compositions are particu1arly suited for use with oily hair due to the marked reduction in sebum spreading afforded by said A1S/TEALS combination.
Such sebum spreading reduction, that is, control of sebum regreasing or sebum migration, is enhanced by about 30-60~ over the same shampoo composition contain-ing an equa1 amount of either ALS or TEALS a~one as the primary surfactant. The superior controlling ability of said ALS/TEALS combination is also evident over the other anionic primary surfactants conventionally used in shampoos such as, for example, sodium lauryl sul-fate (SLS), sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and the likeO The primary surfac-tant in shampoo formulations is commonly recognized as the main c1eansing and foaming agent for doing the basic shampooing job, namely, to clean the hair of scalp oils/ dirt and bacteria.
The marked improvement in the rate of sebum regreasing obtained with the compositions of the inven-tion will be readily evident from the recorded test data in the following tables. The data also reveal the absence of any effect on the amount of conditioner deposition of components (I) and (II) resulting from the combined use of ALS and TEALS.

V-127'~
~ 2 ~ 3~)~

The procedure utilized in testing for the rate of sebum migration is described in Int. J. of Cos. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 169-176 (1979) as modified hereinafter. The test methodology involves human hair bundles (approxi-mately ten virgin hairs per bundle; the hairs are commercially available from De Meo BrosO, New York~
N.Y.) which are defatted with hexane, treated with the composition to be tested as described and then air-dried and fastened in a vertical orientation in a sebum migration chamber as described. A measured portion of the bottom of the hair bundle is placed into a reser-voir of artificial sebum and sebum is allowed to migrate up the hair shafts for 30 minutes, after which time the hair bundle is removed from the reservoir and transferred on to a silica gel plate (Siliga Gel G, Analtech Inc., Newark, Del.) by pressing the hair bundle against the plate with tissue paper. The plate is sprayed with a 50-50 solution of concentrated sul-furic acid and water and then heated at 220C for 15 minutes. The resultant brown tracks which develop on the plate correspond to the distances over which the sebum migrates along the hair bundles. These tracks are measured and the sebum migration is expressed as centimeters migrated per hour (i.e., the rate of sebum regreasing). All values are "normalized" with respect to a non-treated hair bundle as the control by dividiny the rate obtained from a treated hair bundle by the rate obtained from the non-treated control. Thus, the "norma1ized rate of sebum regreasing" is expressed as a dimensionless number, a number less than 1.0 indicating V-127~
1~5~

a reduced rate of sebum regreasing and the smaller the number/ the greater the reduction in regreasing.
The procedure utilized in testing for deposition of conditioner components is as follows.
Materials Required:
1O 5~ Rubine's Dye (Pyrazol Fast Bordeaux) in water, pH 3.5 (adjusted with HC1).

2. 0.1N NaOH in 1:1 w/w abs. EtOH:water.
Protocol:
From 2 to 4 mg/cm2 of the material to be tested is gently rubbed on to the volar forearm for 1 minute and then rinsed with cool tap water for 15 seconds and allowed to air dry. After drying, a 2 cm diameter glass cylinder is placed on the treated site and 1 ml of Rubine's Dye is pipetted into the cylinder. After 1 minute, the cylinder and dye are removed and the arm is rinsed under cool tap water Eor 15 seconds. The re-maining dye on the arm is extracted by placing the glass cylinder at the same site and adding 1 ml of the 0.1 N NaOH ethanolic solution. The extraction step, which is assisted by rubbing with a teflon rod ("policeman") for 1 minute, is repeated. The combined 2 x 1 ml extractions are diluted to 3.5 ml with the 0.1N NaOH ethanolic solution and read at 520 nm in a colorimeter (e.g., Bausch & Lomb, Spectronic 20 model).
The reading obtained is the absorbance of the sample, using a 1 cm path length cuvette. Increased absorbance evidences increased binding of dye to the skin. Since the dye binds to the cationic conditioners at a fixed ratio, an increase in absorbance reflects a correspond-^~ 5~3~ U ~

ing increase in the amount of conditioner deposited, which amount can be readiIy determined.
For testing purposes hereinl aqueous hair condi-tioning shampoo compositions were prepared containing the indicated amount of hair conditioning components (I) and (II) in combination with the indicated amount of the particular surfactant, methyl and propyl para-bens as preservatives (0.5% w/w each) and dilute sodium hydroxide for adjusting the pH to about 6.
In Table 1, the observed normalized rates of sebum regreasing obtained from several such shampoos are listed wherein the amount of surfactant was maintained constant at 14~ w/w and the amount of conditioning components (I) and ~II) was varied.

~ ,~ 5 ~ ~ V ~i 14~ w/w Ceraphyl 60 & Conditioner Rate of Sebllm Surfactant Mirataine CBS Deposition TEALS 1~ & 4~ 0.78 SLES " " 11 0.66 ALS " " 0.61 ALS/TEALS (3:1) " " 0.40 TEALS 1~ & 7%
SLES ~ 0 73 ALS " " 0.59 ALS/TSALS (3:1~ " " 0.41 TEALS 1% ~ 10~7 0.79 SLES ll ,. 11 0 . 80 ALS " " 10 0.63 ALS/TEALS (3:1) " " 12 0O39 TEALS 2~ & 4~ 0.78 SLES " " 0.79 ALS " " 0.71 ALS/TEALS (3:1) " " 0.42 TEALS 2% & 7~ 8 0.93 SLES " " 9 0.81 ALS " " 10 0.73 ALS/TEALS (3:1) 1l ,. 12 0.41 TEALS 2% & 10% 0.83 SLES " " 0.67 ALS " " 0.68 ALS/TEAI,S (3:1) " " 0.42 1Absorb~.-c. ,~ ," ~ ~ 10-2 ~r -1279 In Table 2~ the observed normalized rate of sebum regreasing obtained from several of the aforementioned shampoo compositions are 1isted wherein the amount of conditioning components (I) and (II) was maintained constant and varying ratios of the ALS/TEALS surfactant were emp1oyed.

% ~ Nor~alized 14% w/w Ceraphyl 60 & Conditioner Rate of Sebum Surfactant Mirataine CBS Deposition1 Re~reasing __ TEALS 2~ ~ 10% 0,83 SLES " " 12 0.67 ALS " " 15 0.68 ALS/TEALS
~2:1) " " 0.45 (3~ " 16 0.44 (~:1) " " 0.45 (5:1) " " 0.58 1Absorbance at 520 nm x 10-2 In Tab1e 3, the observed normalized rate of sebum regreasing obtained from severa1 of the aforementioned shampoo compositions are listed wherein the amount of conditioning components (I) and (II) was maintained constant and varying amounts of total surfactant were emp1oyed.

~ 7~~ Normalized % w/w 3:1 Ceraphyl 60 & Conditioner Rate of Sebum ALS/TEALS Mirataine CBS Deposition1 Re~reasing 6~ 4~ 18 0.39 14~ " " 16 0.44 20~ " " 15 0.44 _. _ _ _ _ 1Absorbance at 520 nm x 10-2 ~-127 From the foregoing data, it is evident that hair conditioning shampoo compositions containing cocamido-propyl hydroxysultaine (I) and an N,N,N-trialkylamino-alkylene gluconamide quaternary halide (II), preferably the chloride (III), are unexpectedly and surprisingly improved when the specified amount and relative ratio of the two anionic surfactants, ammonium lauryl sulfate and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate~ are utilized as the sole anionic and primary surfactant component in said compositions. For example, a comparison of the normal-i7ed rates of sebum regreasing observed in Table 2 for the 2:1 to 4:1 ratio of ALS/TEALS (14~ w/w) surfactant constitutes about a 35% improvement over that observed for the same amount of ALS alone or SLES alone and about a 47% improvement over the same amount of TEALS
alone.
Any conventional aqueous hair shampoo formulation can be used as the shampoo base of the subject composi-tions~ Such formu1ations are well known in the art and are not discussed in detail herein. The particular type of hair conditioning shampoo composition, which may include gels, creams, lotions, solutions, emulsions and the like just to name a few, is not critical. Such types of compo~itions are readi1y prepared by skilled cosmetic chemical formulators. The components (I) and (II) are non~toxic to human skin, are compatible with hydrophilic adjuvants and can be readily incorporated into such compositions. Although said components are utilizable over a wide pH range, best results for pur-poses of this invention are found when used in acidic hair conditioning shampoos/ for example, from about pH

~ Y-1279

3 to abou~ 6.3 and, preferably from about pH 5~5 to about 6.8 It will be understood by those having skill in the art that the invention is not limited to the specific examples which have been offered as particular embodi-ments and that modifications can be made without departing from the spirit thereof.

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. In an improved aqueous hair conditioning sham-poo composition containing, percentages given being by weight based upon the total weight of the composition, from about 0.5 to about 10 percent of cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine and from about 0.1 to about 6 percent of a quaternary halide of an N,N,N-trialkylamino-alkylene gluconamide having the formula:

X-wherein X is chloro or bromo and n is an integer of from 2 to 4, the improvement which comprises including, as the sole anionic and primary surfactant component of said composition, from about 5 to about 20 percent of combined ammonium lauryl sulfate and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate in a respective weight ratio of from about 1:1 to about 5:1.

2. In an improved aqueous hair conditioning sham-poo composition containing, percentages given being by weight based upon the total weight of the composition, from about 0.5 to about 10 percent of cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine and from about 0.1 to about 6 percent of a quaternary chloride of an N,N,N-trialkylamino-alkylene glyconamide having the formula:

C1-, the improvement which comprises including, as the sole anionic and primary surfactant component of said compo-sition, from about 5 to about 20 percent of combined ammonium lauryl sulfate and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate in a respective weight ratio of from about 1:1 to about 5:1.

3. The improved composition of Claim 2 wherein said weight ratio is from about 2:1 to about 4:1.

4. An improved aqueous hair conditioning shampoo composition containing, percentages given being by weight based upon the total weight of the composition, from about 0.5 to about 5 percent of cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine and from about 0.6 to about 3 percent of a quaternary chloride of an N,N,N-trialkylaminoalkylene gluconamide having the formula:

Cl-, the improvement which comprises including, as the sole anionic and primary surfactant component of said composition, from about 5 to about 15 percent of combined ammonium lauryl sulfate and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate in a respective weight ratio of from about 1:1 to about 5:1.

5. The improved composition of Claim 4 wherein said weight ratio is from about 2:1 to about 4:1.