CA1291391C - Liquid cleansing composition - Google Patents
Liquid cleansing compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1291391C CA1291391C CA000503344A CA503344A CA1291391C CA 1291391 C CA1291391 C CA 1291391C CA 000503344 A CA000503344 A CA 000503344A CA 503344 A CA503344 A CA 503344A CA 1291391 C CA1291391 C CA 1291391C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- guar gum
- thickening agent
- alkyl
- alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
- C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2065—Polyhydric alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
- C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
- C11D3/225—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin etherified, e.g. CMC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
- C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
- C11D3/227—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin with nitrogen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
Abstract
LIQUID CLEANSING COMPOSITION
ABSTRACT
Aqueous liquid cleansing compositions comprise about 8% to 50% of primary surfactant selected from anionic, cationic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants, from about 0.1% to 6% of C6-C13 alcohol ethoxylate, from about 0.1% to 2% of a water-soluble polymeric thickening agent, preferably guar gum or derivative thereof and from about 0 .1% to about 6%
of glycerine. The compositions have desirable foaming, product stability, viscosity, pourability and skin feel characteristics.
ABSTRACT
Aqueous liquid cleansing compositions comprise about 8% to 50% of primary surfactant selected from anionic, cationic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants, from about 0.1% to 6% of C6-C13 alcohol ethoxylate, from about 0.1% to 2% of a water-soluble polymeric thickening agent, preferably guar gum or derivative thereof and from about 0 .1% to about 6%
of glycerine. The compositions have desirable foaming, product stability, viscosity, pourability and skin feel characteristics.
Description
7 ~
3~
LIQUID CLEANSING COMPOSITION
Tcchn~c~l FioLd Ihl~ invention ~LateJ to liquid cl~ing co~ tion~
an~, mD~ ically, tD ~4~K~U l$qu~d C~
compositions ~ving d sirable foaming, product solubliity, viscosity and skin feel characteristics.
Li~uid cleansing products are extenslvely used as hand cleaners, shampoos, bath foams, shower foams and for many other purposes. The present invention is concerned primarlly with cleansers u~;ed for cleaning skln but is not limited to that application. The cleansers of interest are aqueous based and contain a mixture of surfactants.
In order to achi~ve controlled u~ o~ a liquid 15 clean~ing caTposition, it i~ de3irable to ~uvo a s~dhat vi~ b~lt pourabl~ o~ p~bl~ produc~. A thin~ ~atery pr~duct i~ too ea~lly ~ ed ard wasted wh~n u ~ and d nat hav~ good COn~E ~x~u~e. A nu~r o~ hi~h mo~lar ~ight poly~8~ie mat~rial~ hav~ been ~ in w ~ varie~y of ~ h~d p~ t Ll a ~hickenin90 ~QL~ s~ g 0~ pro~ive colloid f~ionallty.
C~r~n nQnionic polyma~ also hx~n ~o ~ t d~irabl~
~kln ~1 chæræ~grist~¢s ~o th~ prQd~ct~ no~bly qu~ gu~
and d~riva~ s ~reo~ 67025). H~r, 25 ~$rg ~rod;~c~ fo~ o~ ~a~ant tt~ng ar~3 skin ~1 p~ti~ ~f~o~ poor product pourablllty, solubility and ~iscosity characteristlcs, especially on storage at low tem~erature~ as well as 30 diminished thickening and viscosity control under ac~ueous dilutlon conditions in for example,shewer ~oam com~ositions.
Moreover, the pourability, solubility and vis~ c~ra~e~ urt~ avat~d by t~ u~
o~ f~tq~ æ:id alkar~la~id~ whi~ a~i~ ;~d to 35 liqul~ ~leansing c~tio~ ~o~
fflQ~ probl~ can be mitigat~ to sa~ ~e~ l~y a3di~
~tial levels o~ a~:oholic sol~ such a~ ~than~l a~
t} llk~. N@verthele~, ~ r~ r~t ~ly :
3~
LIQUID CLEANSING COMPOSITION
Tcchn~c~l FioLd Ihl~ invention ~LateJ to liquid cl~ing co~ tion~
an~, mD~ ically, tD ~4~K~U l$qu~d C~
compositions ~ving d sirable foaming, product solubliity, viscosity and skin feel characteristics.
Li~uid cleansing products are extenslvely used as hand cleaners, shampoos, bath foams, shower foams and for many other purposes. The present invention is concerned primarlly with cleansers u~;ed for cleaning skln but is not limited to that application. The cleansers of interest are aqueous based and contain a mixture of surfactants.
In order to achi~ve controlled u~ o~ a liquid 15 clean~ing caTposition, it i~ de3irable to ~uvo a s~dhat vi~ b~lt pourabl~ o~ p~bl~ produc~. A thin~ ~atery pr~duct i~ too ea~lly ~ ed ard wasted wh~n u ~ and d nat hav~ good COn~E ~x~u~e. A nu~r o~ hi~h mo~lar ~ight poly~8~ie mat~rial~ hav~ been ~ in w ~ varie~y of ~ h~d p~ t Ll a ~hickenin90 ~QL~ s~ g 0~ pro~ive colloid f~ionallty.
C~r~n nQnionic polyma~ also hx~n ~o ~ t d~irabl~
~kln ~1 chæræ~grist~¢s ~o th~ prQd~ct~ no~bly qu~ gu~
and d~riva~ s ~reo~ 67025). H~r, 25 ~$rg ~rod;~c~ fo~ o~ ~a~ant tt~ng ar~3 skin ~1 p~ti~ ~f~o~ poor product pourablllty, solubility and ~iscosity characteristlcs, especially on storage at low tem~erature~ as well as 30 diminished thickening and viscosity control under ac~ueous dilutlon conditions in for example,shewer ~oam com~ositions.
Moreover, the pourability, solubility and vis~ c~ra~e~ urt~ avat~d by t~ u~
o~ f~tq~ æ:id alkar~la~id~ whi~ a~i~ ;~d to 35 liqul~ ~leansing c~tio~ ~o~
fflQ~ probl~ can be mitigat~ to sa~ ~e~ l~y a3di~
~tial levels o~ a~:oholic sol~ such a~ ~than~l a~
t} llk~. N@verthele~, ~ r~ r~t ~ly :
ç ~ iv~ but are technically und~irabl~ becausQ al:oholic solvent~ ar~ holl~ved to ha~ a ~er~en~y to caus~ drylng o~
tt~ skirl~
I~ h~ rx~w be~n discovered that liquid cleansir3 p~oduct3 having de irabla foamlr~, thlckenlng ~nd ~kln feel p~op~ties together with excQllç~n~ ~o~ atia~polrabllltY, solubility and vl~o~ity characteristics at both norm~l and low ~torage tç~pe~atures are providç~ by ~u~ us~ of polymaric thlck~ning materials, glycerine and a mixed surfactant system compri~ing additive levels of specified nonionic ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols.
S~m~ of th~ Invention ALcording to the present invention, there~ore, ther~ is provided an aqueou~ liquid ~lean~ing compo~tlan comp~ising:
~a) from about 8S to akout 50~ of pr ~ ry su~factan~
s~lected from anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric an~ semi~poLar ~faetant~ and mixtuEes thereof, (b) from about 0.1~ ts ~x~t 6~ of auxiliary ~factant ælected ~rQm e~x~lated aliphatic aL~ohols having an average ~lkyl chain lengtb of frcm 6 to ~ c~rbon atqm~, (c) from about 0.1~ to 2% of a water-soluble polymeric thickening agent, an~
(d) from about 0.1~ to about 6% of glycerine.
. 25 ~he water-soluble thickenin~ agent useful in the present conpositions can be a nonionic or cationic polylreric thickening agent or a m~xtur~ thereof. Preferred nonionic water soluble ¦ polymer~ are selected fro~ guar gum, hydroxypropyl gua~ gum, mæthyl cellu`lo~e, methyl hydroxypr~pyl cellulo~0 hydroxyethyl celluk~ oxyprqpyl cellul~, locu~t be~n gu~ sta~chO s~arch arylosa, hydroxyethyla~ylos~ and polyo~r~t~rlene~ The polyr~r i~ a high r~le~ igh~
ma~gial ~mass-avera~e mole~uLa~ weight be~ng g~ne~ally f~m abou~ SO,OOO ~o about 5,000,000, preferably fro~ about 100,000 ~o about 1,000,000), and i~ thickeni~g abillty 1~
preferably such that a 10%, preferably a 5~ and more preferably a 1% dispersion of the polymer in water at 209C exceeds about 1 Pa.s (10 poise) at a shear rate of lo sec 1, 1~9~394 ~ ighly preferr~d poly~r~ her~in ar~ gu~ gun and d~ atives thereo~ which provide a highly desirable ~nooth - sllE~r skin feel to th~ products. Guar ~ a naturally occurrirt3 material which i~ principal capon~nt of 5 s~ed of th~ guar plant. Guar gu~ ~3 ~ ed fra~ ~ g~
~ and puri~ied. Guar 9~19l a h~gh molec~ r ~igh;~
c~ bo~ydrat~ polymer or polysacch~Lride made up of mannose and gal2Ctose uni~ linked to~the~. ~h~ guar molecul~ i3 ~entially a straight chaln of' manr~s~ un~t3 llnked tO each oth2~ by me~ns of beta (1-4) glyco8id~c linkage~. Galactose unit~ b~anch f~o~ altP~nate nYuu~3e unit~ through alpha (1-6) link39es with thd mannos~ unit~.
lh~ de ired skin feel o~ th~ liquid clean~Lng p~oduct~
i8 preferably obtain ~ t~ usirg ~dro ~ propyl guar gum. In the guar gum molecule, e~ch manMose and gala¢tos~ unit ha~
ro~ 2-4 h~droxyl group~, depending on wh~re the unit~ are located in the polym~ chain. ~ gum d~rivatives are produ~@d by reacting guar gum such that substitut~on of chemical mo~eties ooCus5 on som~ of these hydroxyl group~.
Hydrcxypropyl guar gum~ ar~ a famlly of material~ wi~h hydsoxypro~y1 groue~ sub~t~tuted fot soTe o~ the hydroKyl groups. The tenm ~degr~e of substitution is used to indicate the average number of hydroKypropyl g~oups which ~- oocur on each of the sugar unit~ in t ~ polymer molecule.
r" ~5 qhe preferr ~ hydr ~ ~qpyl guar gum used in the present invention ha~ a degree o~ ~ubs~itution o from about 0.3 to 1.23 e~pecially preerred i~ hydroxyprqpyl guar gu~ with a d~g~e~ o~ sub~itutlQn of about 0.6. Such a mat~ri~
I avallable commercially a~ "Jaguar HP-60" frQm Meyhall Chemical ~td.
Preferred cationic pDlymRric thicke m ng agents h~rein are selected from hydroxypro~yltrimethylammonium guar gum~, quaternized cellulose ethers, ho~opolymers of dimethyl diallyl amm~nium chloride, co-polymers of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloridb and acrylamide, quaternized vinyl pyr~olidone acrylate or m~thacrylate copo1y~ers of amino alcohol, and polyalkylene inanes, in particular the polyethylene lmlnes and the ethoxy poly ~ lene LmLnes. Qf these, highly preferred are hydID~ypropyl tr~met~yl ammcnium guar gum, qyaternized a~llulo æ ethers and mlxtures ~ 40 thereo~. Mlxtures of the abov~ specii~d cationic and non~onlc ; . thlch~nlng agents are also suitable h~rein.
*Trademark ~g~39~
B~ way of exemplification, cationic polymers preferred for use herein include cationic guar gums such a~ h~droxypropyl trimethyl ammonium guar gum (d.s. o fro~l 0.11 to 0.22) available oommercially under the trade marks Jaguar C-14-S(RTM) S and Jaguar C-l~R~M), ~d also Jaguar C-16(RTM), which contain~
hydroxypropyl substituents (d.s. of from 0.8~1.1) in addition to the above-~pecified cat~cnic group~, ~nd qyaternized ællulose ethers aYailable co~mercially under the trade mark~ U~are Polymer JR"and celquat. Other suitable cationic polymers are homopolymers of dimeth~ldiallylan~oni~m chloride available commercially under the trade mark Merqyat 100, copol~mer~ of dimeth~l aminoethylmethacrylate and ~crylamide, copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide.available cQmmercially under the trade marks Merquat 550 and Merquat S, quaternized vinyl pyrrolid~ne acrylate or methacryla~e copolym~rs of amlno alcohol available co~mercially under the trademark Gaquat, and polyalkyleneimines such as polyethylenim~e and ethoxylated polyethylenimine.
The quantity o~ p~lymer material used in th~ liquid 2L~ cleans ms products of this invention is from about 0.1~ to about 2%, especially fro~ akout 0.2% to about 1~. A
preferred rang~ of usage fo~ gu3r gum and its derivative~ i8 from akDut 0.3~ to about 0.7~.
The liquid cleansin3 co~positions of thi~ ~nvention oo~pr~se a prLmary su~ctant ~elected from anionic, ! cationic, zwitterlonic ~ amphoteric surfætan~ and mixture~ th~reo~, tog~ther wi~h an auxiliary ~urfaatant which i~ a specific typ~ o n~nionic su~factant m~terial.
Th~ primary sur~actant ~ rlses ~ro~ abDut 8~ ~o ab~ut 50~, pr~ferably f~om about 10~ to about 30~ mDre preferably from : about 154 to about 25S by weight o~ the compo3ition; ~he auxil~ary ~sur~actant comprises fro~ abcu~ 0.1~ to about 6~, preferably fro~ about 0.53 to about 4%, more preferably fræ~
a~out 1% to ai~t 3~ t~ weight of the ca~ositaon.
Suitable 3nl0nic surfactartts are water~ 1uble salt~ of C~ beri.el~e su~ ate3~ C8~C22 alky ~ulFhate~, CiO_ ~ alkyl polye~hoxy ether sulph~e3, ,~
1~9~3~31 ~ .
C8 24 paraffin sulphonate~ alpha-C12_24 olefin sulph~nates, alpha-sulph4nated C6-C20 ~atty æ ids and their ester~, C10-C18 alkyl glyceryl ether sulphonates, fatty acid x no~lycerid~ sulphate3 and suLphonate~, S especially those prepar~d from c~onut oil, C8-C12 alkyl phenol polyethoxy ether sulphate!~, 2-~cy1oxy C9-C23 alkane~ ulphonate, and beta-all~yloxy C8~C20 alkan~
sulph~nates.
~ Preferably, ~he anionic sur~actant is selected ~rom ,10 alkali m~tal, alkaline earth metal, ammoniu~, and alkanolammonium salt~ of alkyl sulphates, alkyl ethoxy sulphate~, alkyl benzene sulph~n,ates and mlxture~ thereof.
The alkyl sulphate ccmponent i~ pref~rably 3 primary alkyl sulphate in which the alkyl group contain3 about lD-16 1~ carbon a~oms, more preferably an a~er~g2 of 12-14 carbon atom~O The alkyl group may be linear or branched in coriguration~ Cl~-C16 alcohol~, derived from natural fat~ or 2ieg1e~ olefin build-up o~ OX0 synthe~is, fonm suitable s4urce~ for ~he alkyl group. EXa~ple. .of syn~he~ ~ally d~ri~ed ma~rial~ include Do ~ 1 2~ (~nM) sold by Shell Chemucal~ (UK3 Ltd, Ethyl 24 so1d by the Ethyl Corporation, a blend of C13-C15 alcohol~ in th~ ratlo 67~ C13, 33~ C15 ~oLd under the trade mark'~u~ensol"by BhSF GmbH and Synperonic (~XM) ~y ICI Ltd, and ~ial 125 sold by Liguichimlcæ I~aliana. E~amples o natura11y oc~u~r$ng ma~sial~ from which th@ ~ hols can be deriYed ar~ coconut oil and pal~ ke~nel oil and the correspcndin9 fatty a~ids.
ThR level of the al~yl sulphate co~panent gen~rally , lie~ ln the ran~e of fro~ abDut 4~ to about 20~ by w~igh~ of ¦ 30 ~he ~ ition, m~re generall~ fro~ about 4% ~o abo~ 16 ~y weight. In or~ prefer~ed compo~itionaI a~pect of th~
in~ention in which alkyl bsnzene suiphonate is al~o : inco~porated, ~he usage leYel lie in ~he range frQ~ about 8~ ~o about 12~ by weight, mo~t preferably in ~he rang~ rom about 8~ to about ll% by weight. In another compositioral aspe~t of t~e invention in which a su1phona~e cçmponent i~
n~ presen~ the a~y1 sulphate level lie~ m th~ rang~ ~rom I about 12~ t:o atout 20%, mor~ preferably fro~ akout 14~ to ¦ akout 18~ ~ weight.
*TradOEk **Trademark ~,.
~9~39~
For the purposes of tha present invention any al ~ 11 metal) alkalin~ earth m2tal, amnonium o~ ~ubstituted amm~nium ca~ion can be ~sed in association with the alkyl sulphate. In particular, ths alkyl ~ulphate can be S a~sociated with a ~3urce of magnesiu~ ions either introduced as ~he oxide or hydrcxide to neutralise thR æ id, or added to the composition as a water ~oluble ~alt. In practice the magne9iun ion will be pre~ent at a level of fro~ about 0.001~ to akout 0.70~ by weight, prefe~ably ~rcn 0.01~ to 0.1~ by weight of the composition.
Alkyl benzene ~ulphonate~ preEereed fo~ u æ in CampO8itiQ11~ 0~ the presen~ invention ar~ thosQ in whlch tho alkyl group, which is substantia~ly llnea~) contaln3 about 10-16 carbon atom3, preferabl~ about 11-13 carbon atom~, a material with ~n average chain length of 11.8 being most p~e~erred~ An alkylbenzene sulphonate content of from ~bout 10~ to about 28~ by weight of the compo~ition i5 gen~rally 3uitable. In a p~efeered aspect of the invention an alkylbenzene sulphonate content of from 13~ to 17~ by w~ight 20 i8 us~d.
The alkyl ethoxy sulphate su~fac~ant ~cmponent p~e~erably ccmpris2s a pr ~ ry ~lkyl e ~ sulphate deri~ed f~om the con~nsation produ~t of a Cl~-C16 alcohol wi~h an avera3e of up to 6 e~hylene oxide group~. m e C10-Cl6 alcohol itself can be obtained fro~ any of the sources p~eviously described fo~ ~he alkyl sulphate co~ponæntr It ha~, however~ been ound p~e~rab1e to use alkyl sulphate and alkyl ether sulphate in which the carbon chain length distributions a~e th~ sam~. C~2-C~3 alkyl 30 ether sulphates are preferred and th~ level of alkyl etho~y sul~2at~ in the c~position lies~ generally b~æen about 8 an~ about 259~ by ~ight of th~ c~sition~
ca~ition~ additionally in~:orporating an al~rl benzenE~
s~nate surfæ'cant, ~ level of alkyl ethooy sulp~te 35 yenerally lies in the range from 9% to 15% ~y weight.
Conventional e'choxylation processe~ result in a distribution o~ idual ethoxylate-~ rar~ 3 fr~m 1 to ,~ about 10 ethoxy groups per mole of al~ohol, s4 that th~
de3ired aver~ge can be obtained in a vorlety of ~ay3.
lZ~'391 Bler~ can be made o~ material havir~ different degree3 of et~latlon and/or dif~e~ent ethoxylate distribution~
ari ing from the sp~ ic eth~l~tlon te~hnique~ ~loy~
and ~ent processing step3 such as distlllation. ~or 5 exanQle, it ha~ been ~ d that approx~mately e~uivalent sudsing to that given ~y a blend o~ allyl ~ulfat4 and alkyl trietha~ ether sulfate can b~ obtair~d b~ reducir~ t}u level of alkyl sulfate and u~ing an alk~l etl~ 8ulfate with an average of approximately two ethoxy group~ p~r molQ o 10 alcohol. In preferred conpositi.on~3 in accordance with the pre~enié invention the average degree o~ etho~lation i~ ~rom about 0.5 to about 4, more pre~erably fra~ about 0.8 to about 2Ø
Cationic det~rgent~ includ~ ~ having the ~ormllla R--N(R ) 3 ( )X( ) whe~ein R i9 an alkyl chain containin9 from about 8 to about 20 ca~bon atan5, eadl R2 iY selec~:ed from alkyl and alkanol group9 containir~ fran 1 to 4 carbon atam~ and benzyl groups, there being ~ormally no more ~ n one benzyl group and two R2 groups can be joined by either a carbon-carb~n ether, or ~minD linkage to form a g structure, and X r~pre5ent~ a haloge~ at5m, ~ul~ate group, nitrate group or other pseu~ohalogen group. Specific example~ are coconut alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorid~, dod~cyldlmethyl benzyl bronide an~ dodecyl methyl morpholino 2S chloride.
Zwitterionic ~ynthetic detergents can b~ broadly described as deriva~ive~ of aliphatic guatern~y amm~niu~, - phosæhonium, and sulfonium ccm4ound~ in which the ali~hatic r~dical may be straigh~ chain or br~nched, and wherein one of ~h2 aliphatic sub6tit~ nt~ conta~n~ fro~ about 8 to 18 carbon atcms and one con~ain~ an anionic wa~er 801ubilizlng group, e.g., carboxy, sulfo, sulfato, phosphatD, or phosphcno. Examples of co~pounds falling within thi~
definition a~e 3-(N,N-dLme~hyl-N-hexadecylammonio) 35 p~opæne-l-sulfonat~ and 1 3-(~,N-d ~ thyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxy I propane-l-sulfonate.
'~ ' , ~9~391 Amphoteric synthetic detergent~ can be broadly d~cr'ibed a~ derivative~ of aliphatic secondary and tertiary anine8, in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branch2d and wherein one of t~ aliphatic ~ub~tituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atom3 and on~ cont2ins an anionic water solubilizing grou~, e.g., carboxy, sulfo, Yulfato~ phosphato, or pho2phonc~. Examples of compGunds falling wlthin this definition are sodium-3-dodecy1aminopropionate and '10 30diu~3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate.
Other suitable primary ~urf!actant~ hereih are the long chain tertiary anin~ oxides of general formula R R ~ N+ - - 0~
whe~ein Rl represent~ alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl lS radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atom3 optionally oontaining up to lO ethylene oxid~ moietiea or a glyceryl moiety, and ~ and ~ represent~ alkyl of from 1 to 3 carbon atom~
optionally substituted with a hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, prqpyl, hydr~xy ethyl, or hydroxy propyl raidcals.
Example3 include dimethyldodecylamune oxide, -oleyldi(2-hyd~oxyethyl~ amine oxide, dimethyloctyLamlne oxide, dine~l~etradæylamirle ~cide, d~tl~yldecyl~nine ~ocide, 3,6~9-triaxah~adecyldiet~lamir* oxide, di~2-~dro~yet~ etradecylamine oqcide, 2-dodeco~yet~yldimet~lamin~ oxide, 3~decoxy-2-l~ydro~ro~yldi~3-~droxypropyl)-anine o~side, dimet~lt~adecyl~ ~id~. The amina oxide surfatan~
are genleEally referred to a~ semi-polar although in acisl to neutral media they behave akin to cationic surfactantq.
The auxiliary su~f æ ~an~ cGmæonent of ~h~ inventlon i9 a C6-C13 aliphatic alcohol etha~ylate gen~rally containing an average (~a~ of ~rom about 1.5 to ~bou~
25, preferably from about 2 to lS and m~re preferably from about 6 ~o abou~ lO mole o~ ethylene oxide p~r mole of alcohol. The auxilia~y ~urfactant preferably oontains not moee than a~out 1% by weigh~ of unethoxyLated al~ohol when the ethoxylated alcohol contains an a~erage o~ less than 9 moles of ethylene oxide and not more than about 2~ by w~i~ht , ~9~39 of unethoxylated alcohol when the etho-cylated alcohol contain~ an averaqe o~ 9 or more moleq of et~ylene oxide per nDlQ of. alcohol. Such surfætant~ are pre~erred from ~he viewpolnt of low temperature stability, the un~hsxyLated 5 content p~eferably beir~ les~ than a~out 0.7~, ard mo~
pr~ecably le33 than-about O.S~. Th~ un2th4xylated material can b~ removed by vacuum di tillation.
The startin3 alcohQ1 m~y ~e a primary or secondary alcohol but i~ preferably a prlmary al~ohol whlch may ~o ~10 decived from natural or synthetic soueca~. mus natural fat~ or oils, or products of Zlegler ole~in build eeactior~ oe O~D ~nthe~is may all b~ u~d as t}~ ~u~ce o~
th~ Iydrocarbon chaln, the strtJcture o~ whlch ma~ be ltnear o~ btan~hed in typ~.
The prefeeeed alcohOl chain ler~ ranqe i5 frcro Cg~CLL a~ it has been fow~d that sudslng p~rfonnar~ i8 optin~n for etho~late raade ~rom such ak:ohol~ It i~ also desirable fo~ perfonrar~ ~ea90n3 th~t ~he hydrqphilic~ ilic balanc~ (~LB) of the etho~ylated alcoh~l is in the range from a.o- to 17~0, more preferably fro~ 11.0 to 1700 and mo~t pre~erably Çrcm 11.0 to 15Ø
The composition~ o~ ~he invention additionally contain from about 0.1% to about 6%, preferably from ab~ut 0.5~ to about 4~, ~Dre preferably fro~ a~out 1~ to ~x~t 3~ of glycerine. The glycerine i8 ~ uable herein ~r i~proving the physical characteristic~ of the product. In particular, the combined use of the polymer, auxiliary nonionic surfactant and glycerine is ound to be particularly valuable for achieving optimum product stability, pourability and solubility in aqueous liquors as well as good thickening and viscosity control under dilution conditions.
~9139 -- lo --In general, th~ conpo~itloru o~ tl~ inventlon contain a ~t~or~ id~erived electrolyt~ level o~ lei~s than about 0.5~, preferably le~ than about 0.1% ~or optl~n produ~t -q~abili ~.
tn general, ~ canpo~itlons herein hatre a vi3cosity ~neat) a~ 24C in thQ rar~e ran about l,000 to about 20,000 cps, preferably fra~ abou~ 2,000 to a~u~ 15,000 cps, more preferably frcrn about 4,000 to a~out 12,000 cp~, visco~ity being measured in a Brookfleld wr viscaeter using splndle nL~er 4 at speed 3.
~though the addition o~ ~atty acld alkanol~des ~e.g.
ClO~C16 mo~- and di{:2-C3 alkan~lami~s) ln high~r lev~ls ha3 a genecally delete~io~ effect on forT~lation phy~ical charact@ristics, never~les~ su~h Tat~rials can ~e added for additional suds-bocsting ef~æt ar~ keninq effect provided the amide i~ maintai~d a~ law concentration in product, preferably no more than about 4~ ~y weight~
more preferably less than about 3% by weight.
Where ~he ~ition of a liquid dean~ product will be in contac~ wi~ ~e skin of the uær~, it is prefer~ed that the cleansing pzoduct be for~lated to p~ovide a pH in use wi~in the ra~e of from about 4 to about 10, deperdir~ upon the particular surf~:tant or ma~erials enployed. Espæially preferred is a p~ in the rang~ of 5 to 7. Any of a large n~er of known su~tan~e~
can ~e used to adju~t the pH o th~ liquid clean~
pr~duct, e.~.t sodiun ~ydroxide, citric acid~ generally at a levQl of up to ab~ut 0~5~ oi~ ~che produ~t c~position.
39~
~ f~ may b~ used ~A fonnulatir~3 ~ llquid cleansir~ praduct~, g@rerAlly at a level of a~ut 0.1~ to about S~ of tt~e product co~o~ltion. Col~rant~ n~y al~o be u~ $n the li~uid cleansin~ product~. Opæ~ler~, s1g., 5 e~lens glycol distearate, poly~ty~erd~ latex, gen~zally at a lev~1 of about 0.2~ to ab~ut 2.0a o~ the product capo~ition, may b~ used in the li~uid clean~inq produ::ts to provide them ~ith ~n opaque or F~arle~cent app~4ranc0.
Presorvatives, e.g., EDTA, met}~l pasab~n, pc~yl paraben, 10 "Germall 115" ,"Kathon" , generally at a level of less than 1 nuy b~ irsorporated in the liq~ld clean~ a p~odu:tg to pcevent microbiological gr~th in th~ produc~.
Th~ liquid cleansing prG~ucts of th~ prea~nt invention genarally con~in at least about 42~ wat~, prefe~ably rom abou'c 60 15 t~ about 90~ wate~.
T~ inventior~ lustrated in the folla~
non-limative ~xanple3 in which a~l part~ and per~en~cages a~e ~y weight unless oth~ if ied:
*r~ademark *~ ark . '`
lZC313~3~
I II III rv V VI VII
Sodiu3 C12_13 alkyl sulphate - 9 5 6 8 - 10 Scdium C13_15 alkyl 5ulphate 8 C12-13 (~)2 alkyl sulphatl3 _ _ _ _ 8 Sodium ~13-15 ~ )2 ~lkyl sulphate 12 - _ _ _ 9 ~odiu~ C12_13 (E0)3 alkyl sulphatl~ 11 8 6 - - 11 Com~ercial Clo alcohol ~SO~10 2 - 3 ~ 3 2 Comn~rcial Cg 11 alcohol ~50)5 - - 4 - 2 -~ _ Jaguar A-40-F(1) - - - 0.3 - - _ Jaguar HP-60 0.4 0.6 0.3 - 0.5 0.5 0.6 Propylene Glycol 2 Glycerine 2 3 3 2 3 2 4 Coconut Mbnoethanol~m~de 2 2 - - 1 1 1.5 Ethyleneglycol diste~rate 1 1 0.5 0.5 Perume 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 Pre~ervative (2) 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 i citric acid 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 Magnesium chloride - 6H20 - - - 0.1 - - -Dyes 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Water - ` - - TO 100 (1) Purified guar gum from Celanese Plastic3 ~ Specialitie~
Ca~
; (2) Comprises Germal 115, Mbthyl Paraben, Prcpyl PAraben ¦ 25 and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
The above products ar~ made by a ~atch p~ocess involving addition of a hot premix to a main mix in the follcwing manner.
~9~3gl H~t P'remix .
A.portion o~ the alkyl sulphate (~upplied as a 28%
aqueou~ solution) i~ heated in a premix tank to about 60C
and th~ fatty alcohol ethoxyLate and glycerine are a~ded thereto with agitation and heating to maintain a te~peraturs of about 60C. The preservative i8 then added and the premux i8 heated to about 65C at which temperature cDoonut ~noethanolamide, if present, i9 added.
: Ethyleneglycoldistearate is add~ after further heatlng to a temperature of about 65C to 70C.
Main Mix Th~ alkyl ether sulphate (supplied as a 28% active) and the remaining alkyl sul~ ~te are added to a main mix tank toyather with a watex slurry of the guar material. Finally the citric acid, and magnesi~ chloride, if Eresent~ are added.
The premix i3 then addsd with agitation at a te~perature of about 70C to the main mix, the combined mixture is rapidly cooled in a heat exchanger and dyes and pexfume are added to form the finished product.
The resulting products have desirable fQami~g, thick~ng and skin feel prcperties tog~ther with excellent formulation pourability, solubility and viscosity characteristics at both normal and low storage temperatures as well as good thickening and viscosity I control when diluted with water under typical shower ¦ foam usage conditions.
The above Examples are repeated but the polymer is added as the final component in the hot premix rather than the main mix and the premix is agitated for at least 15 minutes prior to addition to the main mix.
The resultln~ products retain the advantages described above but ha~e a higher viscosity at ambient temperatures.
tt~ skirl~
I~ h~ rx~w be~n discovered that liquid cleansir3 p~oduct3 having de irabla foamlr~, thlckenlng ~nd ~kln feel p~op~ties together with excQllç~n~ ~o~ atia~polrabllltY, solubility and vl~o~ity characteristics at both norm~l and low ~torage tç~pe~atures are providç~ by ~u~ us~ of polymaric thlck~ning materials, glycerine and a mixed surfactant system compri~ing additive levels of specified nonionic ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols.
S~m~ of th~ Invention ALcording to the present invention, there~ore, ther~ is provided an aqueou~ liquid ~lean~ing compo~tlan comp~ising:
~a) from about 8S to akout 50~ of pr ~ ry su~factan~
s~lected from anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric an~ semi~poLar ~faetant~ and mixtuEes thereof, (b) from about 0.1~ ts ~x~t 6~ of auxiliary ~factant ælected ~rQm e~x~lated aliphatic aL~ohols having an average ~lkyl chain lengtb of frcm 6 to ~ c~rbon atqm~, (c) from about 0.1~ to 2% of a water-soluble polymeric thickening agent, an~
(d) from about 0.1~ to about 6% of glycerine.
. 25 ~he water-soluble thickenin~ agent useful in the present conpositions can be a nonionic or cationic polylreric thickening agent or a m~xtur~ thereof. Preferred nonionic water soluble ¦ polymer~ are selected fro~ guar gum, hydroxypropyl gua~ gum, mæthyl cellu`lo~e, methyl hydroxypr~pyl cellulo~0 hydroxyethyl celluk~ oxyprqpyl cellul~, locu~t be~n gu~ sta~chO s~arch arylosa, hydroxyethyla~ylos~ and polyo~r~t~rlene~ The polyr~r i~ a high r~le~ igh~
ma~gial ~mass-avera~e mole~uLa~ weight be~ng g~ne~ally f~m abou~ SO,OOO ~o about 5,000,000, preferably fro~ about 100,000 ~o about 1,000,000), and i~ thickeni~g abillty 1~
preferably such that a 10%, preferably a 5~ and more preferably a 1% dispersion of the polymer in water at 209C exceeds about 1 Pa.s (10 poise) at a shear rate of lo sec 1, 1~9~394 ~ ighly preferr~d poly~r~ her~in ar~ gu~ gun and d~ atives thereo~ which provide a highly desirable ~nooth - sllE~r skin feel to th~ products. Guar ~ a naturally occurrirt3 material which i~ principal capon~nt of 5 s~ed of th~ guar plant. Guar gu~ ~3 ~ ed fra~ ~ g~
~ and puri~ied. Guar 9~19l a h~gh molec~ r ~igh;~
c~ bo~ydrat~ polymer or polysacch~Lride made up of mannose and gal2Ctose uni~ linked to~the~. ~h~ guar molecul~ i3 ~entially a straight chaln of' manr~s~ un~t3 llnked tO each oth2~ by me~ns of beta (1-4) glyco8id~c linkage~. Galactose unit~ b~anch f~o~ altP~nate nYuu~3e unit~ through alpha (1-6) link39es with thd mannos~ unit~.
lh~ de ired skin feel o~ th~ liquid clean~Lng p~oduct~
i8 preferably obtain ~ t~ usirg ~dro ~ propyl guar gum. In the guar gum molecule, e~ch manMose and gala¢tos~ unit ha~
ro~ 2-4 h~droxyl group~, depending on wh~re the unit~ are located in the polym~ chain. ~ gum d~rivatives are produ~@d by reacting guar gum such that substitut~on of chemical mo~eties ooCus5 on som~ of these hydroxyl group~.
Hydrcxypropyl guar gum~ ar~ a famlly of material~ wi~h hydsoxypro~y1 groue~ sub~t~tuted fot soTe o~ the hydroKyl groups. The tenm ~degr~e of substitution is used to indicate the average number of hydroKypropyl g~oups which ~- oocur on each of the sugar unit~ in t ~ polymer molecule.
r" ~5 qhe preferr ~ hydr ~ ~qpyl guar gum used in the present invention ha~ a degree o~ ~ubs~itution o from about 0.3 to 1.23 e~pecially preerred i~ hydroxyprqpyl guar gu~ with a d~g~e~ o~ sub~itutlQn of about 0.6. Such a mat~ri~
I avallable commercially a~ "Jaguar HP-60" frQm Meyhall Chemical ~td.
Preferred cationic pDlymRric thicke m ng agents h~rein are selected from hydroxypro~yltrimethylammonium guar gum~, quaternized cellulose ethers, ho~opolymers of dimethyl diallyl amm~nium chloride, co-polymers of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloridb and acrylamide, quaternized vinyl pyr~olidone acrylate or m~thacrylate copo1y~ers of amino alcohol, and polyalkylene inanes, in particular the polyethylene lmlnes and the ethoxy poly ~ lene LmLnes. Qf these, highly preferred are hydID~ypropyl tr~met~yl ammcnium guar gum, qyaternized a~llulo æ ethers and mlxtures ~ 40 thereo~. Mlxtures of the abov~ specii~d cationic and non~onlc ; . thlch~nlng agents are also suitable h~rein.
*Trademark ~g~39~
B~ way of exemplification, cationic polymers preferred for use herein include cationic guar gums such a~ h~droxypropyl trimethyl ammonium guar gum (d.s. o fro~l 0.11 to 0.22) available oommercially under the trade marks Jaguar C-14-S(RTM) S and Jaguar C-l~R~M), ~d also Jaguar C-16(RTM), which contain~
hydroxypropyl substituents (d.s. of from 0.8~1.1) in addition to the above-~pecified cat~cnic group~, ~nd qyaternized ællulose ethers aYailable co~mercially under the trade mark~ U~are Polymer JR"and celquat. Other suitable cationic polymers are homopolymers of dimeth~ldiallylan~oni~m chloride available commercially under the trade mark Merqyat 100, copol~mer~ of dimeth~l aminoethylmethacrylate and ~crylamide, copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide.available cQmmercially under the trade marks Merquat 550 and Merquat S, quaternized vinyl pyrrolid~ne acrylate or methacryla~e copolym~rs of amlno alcohol available co~mercially under the trademark Gaquat, and polyalkyleneimines such as polyethylenim~e and ethoxylated polyethylenimine.
The quantity o~ p~lymer material used in th~ liquid 2L~ cleans ms products of this invention is from about 0.1~ to about 2%, especially fro~ akout 0.2% to about 1~. A
preferred rang~ of usage fo~ gu3r gum and its derivative~ i8 from akDut 0.3~ to about 0.7~.
The liquid cleansin3 co~positions of thi~ ~nvention oo~pr~se a prLmary su~ctant ~elected from anionic, ! cationic, zwitterlonic ~ amphoteric surfætan~ and mixture~ th~reo~, tog~ther wi~h an auxiliary ~urfaatant which i~ a specific typ~ o n~nionic su~factant m~terial.
Th~ primary sur~actant ~ rlses ~ro~ abDut 8~ ~o ab~ut 50~, pr~ferably f~om about 10~ to about 30~ mDre preferably from : about 154 to about 25S by weight o~ the compo3ition; ~he auxil~ary ~sur~actant comprises fro~ abcu~ 0.1~ to about 6~, preferably fro~ about 0.53 to about 4%, more preferably fræ~
a~out 1% to ai~t 3~ t~ weight of the ca~ositaon.
Suitable 3nl0nic surfactartts are water~ 1uble salt~ of C~ beri.el~e su~ ate3~ C8~C22 alky ~ulFhate~, CiO_ ~ alkyl polye~hoxy ether sulph~e3, ,~
1~9~3~31 ~ .
C8 24 paraffin sulphonate~ alpha-C12_24 olefin sulph~nates, alpha-sulph4nated C6-C20 ~atty æ ids and their ester~, C10-C18 alkyl glyceryl ether sulphonates, fatty acid x no~lycerid~ sulphate3 and suLphonate~, S especially those prepar~d from c~onut oil, C8-C12 alkyl phenol polyethoxy ether sulphate!~, 2-~cy1oxy C9-C23 alkane~ ulphonate, and beta-all~yloxy C8~C20 alkan~
sulph~nates.
~ Preferably, ~he anionic sur~actant is selected ~rom ,10 alkali m~tal, alkaline earth metal, ammoniu~, and alkanolammonium salt~ of alkyl sulphates, alkyl ethoxy sulphate~, alkyl benzene sulph~n,ates and mlxture~ thereof.
The alkyl sulphate ccmponent i~ pref~rably 3 primary alkyl sulphate in which the alkyl group contain3 about lD-16 1~ carbon a~oms, more preferably an a~er~g2 of 12-14 carbon atom~O The alkyl group may be linear or branched in coriguration~ Cl~-C16 alcohol~, derived from natural fat~ or 2ieg1e~ olefin build-up o~ OX0 synthe~is, fonm suitable s4urce~ for ~he alkyl group. EXa~ple. .of syn~he~ ~ally d~ri~ed ma~rial~ include Do ~ 1 2~ (~nM) sold by Shell Chemucal~ (UK3 Ltd, Ethyl 24 so1d by the Ethyl Corporation, a blend of C13-C15 alcohol~ in th~ ratlo 67~ C13, 33~ C15 ~oLd under the trade mark'~u~ensol"by BhSF GmbH and Synperonic (~XM) ~y ICI Ltd, and ~ial 125 sold by Liguichimlcæ I~aliana. E~amples o natura11y oc~u~r$ng ma~sial~ from which th@ ~ hols can be deriYed ar~ coconut oil and pal~ ke~nel oil and the correspcndin9 fatty a~ids.
ThR level of the al~yl sulphate co~panent gen~rally , lie~ ln the ran~e of fro~ abDut 4~ to about 20~ by w~igh~ of ¦ 30 ~he ~ ition, m~re generall~ fro~ about 4% ~o abo~ 16 ~y weight. In or~ prefer~ed compo~itionaI a~pect of th~
in~ention in which alkyl bsnzene suiphonate is al~o : inco~porated, ~he usage leYel lie in ~he range frQ~ about 8~ ~o about 12~ by weight, mo~t preferably in ~he rang~ rom about 8~ to about ll% by weight. In another compositioral aspe~t of t~e invention in which a su1phona~e cçmponent i~
n~ presen~ the a~y1 sulphate level lie~ m th~ rang~ ~rom I about 12~ t:o atout 20%, mor~ preferably fro~ akout 14~ to ¦ akout 18~ ~ weight.
*TradOEk **Trademark ~,.
~9~39~
For the purposes of tha present invention any al ~ 11 metal) alkalin~ earth m2tal, amnonium o~ ~ubstituted amm~nium ca~ion can be ~sed in association with the alkyl sulphate. In particular, ths alkyl ~ulphate can be S a~sociated with a ~3urce of magnesiu~ ions either introduced as ~he oxide or hydrcxide to neutralise thR æ id, or added to the composition as a water ~oluble ~alt. In practice the magne9iun ion will be pre~ent at a level of fro~ about 0.001~ to akout 0.70~ by weight, prefe~ably ~rcn 0.01~ to 0.1~ by weight of the composition.
Alkyl benzene ~ulphonate~ preEereed fo~ u æ in CampO8itiQ11~ 0~ the presen~ invention ar~ thosQ in whlch tho alkyl group, which is substantia~ly llnea~) contaln3 about 10-16 carbon atom3, preferabl~ about 11-13 carbon atom~, a material with ~n average chain length of 11.8 being most p~e~erred~ An alkylbenzene sulphonate content of from ~bout 10~ to about 28~ by weight of the compo~ition i5 gen~rally 3uitable. In a p~efeered aspect of the invention an alkylbenzene sulphonate content of from 13~ to 17~ by w~ight 20 i8 us~d.
The alkyl ethoxy sulphate su~fac~ant ~cmponent p~e~erably ccmpris2s a pr ~ ry ~lkyl e ~ sulphate deri~ed f~om the con~nsation produ~t of a Cl~-C16 alcohol wi~h an avera3e of up to 6 e~hylene oxide group~. m e C10-Cl6 alcohol itself can be obtained fro~ any of the sources p~eviously described fo~ ~he alkyl sulphate co~ponæntr It ha~, however~ been ound p~e~rab1e to use alkyl sulphate and alkyl ether sulphate in which the carbon chain length distributions a~e th~ sam~. C~2-C~3 alkyl 30 ether sulphates are preferred and th~ level of alkyl etho~y sul~2at~ in the c~position lies~ generally b~æen about 8 an~ about 259~ by ~ight of th~ c~sition~
ca~ition~ additionally in~:orporating an al~rl benzenE~
s~nate surfæ'cant, ~ level of alkyl ethooy sulp~te 35 yenerally lies in the range from 9% to 15% ~y weight.
Conventional e'choxylation processe~ result in a distribution o~ idual ethoxylate-~ rar~ 3 fr~m 1 to ,~ about 10 ethoxy groups per mole of al~ohol, s4 that th~
de3ired aver~ge can be obtained in a vorlety of ~ay3.
lZ~'391 Bler~ can be made o~ material havir~ different degree3 of et~latlon and/or dif~e~ent ethoxylate distribution~
ari ing from the sp~ ic eth~l~tlon te~hnique~ ~loy~
and ~ent processing step3 such as distlllation. ~or 5 exanQle, it ha~ been ~ d that approx~mately e~uivalent sudsing to that given ~y a blend o~ allyl ~ulfat4 and alkyl trietha~ ether sulfate can b~ obtair~d b~ reducir~ t}u level of alkyl sulfate and u~ing an alk~l etl~ 8ulfate with an average of approximately two ethoxy group~ p~r molQ o 10 alcohol. In preferred conpositi.on~3 in accordance with the pre~enié invention the average degree o~ etho~lation i~ ~rom about 0.5 to about 4, more pre~erably fra~ about 0.8 to about 2Ø
Cationic det~rgent~ includ~ ~ having the ~ormllla R--N(R ) 3 ( )X( ) whe~ein R i9 an alkyl chain containin9 from about 8 to about 20 ca~bon atan5, eadl R2 iY selec~:ed from alkyl and alkanol group9 containir~ fran 1 to 4 carbon atam~ and benzyl groups, there being ~ormally no more ~ n one benzyl group and two R2 groups can be joined by either a carbon-carb~n ether, or ~minD linkage to form a g structure, and X r~pre5ent~ a haloge~ at5m, ~ul~ate group, nitrate group or other pseu~ohalogen group. Specific example~ are coconut alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorid~, dod~cyldlmethyl benzyl bronide an~ dodecyl methyl morpholino 2S chloride.
Zwitterionic ~ynthetic detergents can b~ broadly described as deriva~ive~ of aliphatic guatern~y amm~niu~, - phosæhonium, and sulfonium ccm4ound~ in which the ali~hatic r~dical may be straigh~ chain or br~nched, and wherein one of ~h2 aliphatic sub6tit~ nt~ conta~n~ fro~ about 8 to 18 carbon atcms and one con~ain~ an anionic wa~er 801ubilizlng group, e.g., carboxy, sulfo, sulfato, phosphatD, or phosphcno. Examples of co~pounds falling within thi~
definition a~e 3-(N,N-dLme~hyl-N-hexadecylammonio) 35 p~opæne-l-sulfonat~ and 1 3-(~,N-d ~ thyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxy I propane-l-sulfonate.
'~ ' , ~9~391 Amphoteric synthetic detergent~ can be broadly d~cr'ibed a~ derivative~ of aliphatic secondary and tertiary anine8, in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branch2d and wherein one of t~ aliphatic ~ub~tituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atom3 and on~ cont2ins an anionic water solubilizing grou~, e.g., carboxy, sulfo, Yulfato~ phosphato, or pho2phonc~. Examples of compGunds falling wlthin this definition are sodium-3-dodecy1aminopropionate and '10 30diu~3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate.
Other suitable primary ~urf!actant~ hereih are the long chain tertiary anin~ oxides of general formula R R ~ N+ - - 0~
whe~ein Rl represent~ alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl lS radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atom3 optionally oontaining up to lO ethylene oxid~ moietiea or a glyceryl moiety, and ~ and ~ represent~ alkyl of from 1 to 3 carbon atom~
optionally substituted with a hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, prqpyl, hydr~xy ethyl, or hydroxy propyl raidcals.
Example3 include dimethyldodecylamune oxide, -oleyldi(2-hyd~oxyethyl~ amine oxide, dimethyloctyLamlne oxide, dine~l~etradæylamirle ~cide, d~tl~yldecyl~nine ~ocide, 3,6~9-triaxah~adecyldiet~lamir* oxide, di~2-~dro~yet~ etradecylamine oqcide, 2-dodeco~yet~yldimet~lamin~ oxide, 3~decoxy-2-l~ydro~ro~yldi~3-~droxypropyl)-anine o~side, dimet~lt~adecyl~ ~id~. The amina oxide surfatan~
are genleEally referred to a~ semi-polar although in acisl to neutral media they behave akin to cationic surfactantq.
The auxiliary su~f æ ~an~ cGmæonent of ~h~ inventlon i9 a C6-C13 aliphatic alcohol etha~ylate gen~rally containing an average (~a~ of ~rom about 1.5 to ~bou~
25, preferably from about 2 to lS and m~re preferably from about 6 ~o abou~ lO mole o~ ethylene oxide p~r mole of alcohol. The auxilia~y ~urfactant preferably oontains not moee than a~out 1% by weigh~ of unethoxyLated al~ohol when the ethoxylated alcohol contains an a~erage o~ less than 9 moles of ethylene oxide and not more than about 2~ by w~i~ht , ~9~39 of unethoxylated alcohol when the etho-cylated alcohol contain~ an averaqe o~ 9 or more moleq of et~ylene oxide per nDlQ of. alcohol. Such surfætant~ are pre~erred from ~he viewpolnt of low temperature stability, the un~hsxyLated 5 content p~eferably beir~ les~ than a~out 0.7~, ard mo~
pr~ecably le33 than-about O.S~. Th~ un2th4xylated material can b~ removed by vacuum di tillation.
The startin3 alcohQ1 m~y ~e a primary or secondary alcohol but i~ preferably a prlmary al~ohol whlch may ~o ~10 decived from natural or synthetic soueca~. mus natural fat~ or oils, or products of Zlegler ole~in build eeactior~ oe O~D ~nthe~is may all b~ u~d as t}~ ~u~ce o~
th~ Iydrocarbon chaln, the strtJcture o~ whlch ma~ be ltnear o~ btan~hed in typ~.
The prefeeeed alcohOl chain ler~ ranqe i5 frcro Cg~CLL a~ it has been fow~d that sudslng p~rfonnar~ i8 optin~n for etho~late raade ~rom such ak:ohol~ It i~ also desirable fo~ perfonrar~ ~ea90n3 th~t ~he hydrqphilic~ ilic balanc~ (~LB) of the etho~ylated alcoh~l is in the range from a.o- to 17~0, more preferably fro~ 11.0 to 1700 and mo~t pre~erably Çrcm 11.0 to 15Ø
The composition~ o~ ~he invention additionally contain from about 0.1% to about 6%, preferably from ab~ut 0.5~ to about 4~, ~Dre preferably fro~ a~out 1~ to ~x~t 3~ of glycerine. The glycerine i8 ~ uable herein ~r i~proving the physical characteristic~ of the product. In particular, the combined use of the polymer, auxiliary nonionic surfactant and glycerine is ound to be particularly valuable for achieving optimum product stability, pourability and solubility in aqueous liquors as well as good thickening and viscosity control under dilution conditions.
~9139 -- lo --In general, th~ conpo~itloru o~ tl~ inventlon contain a ~t~or~ id~erived electrolyt~ level o~ lei~s than about 0.5~, preferably le~ than about 0.1% ~or optl~n produ~t -q~abili ~.
tn general, ~ canpo~itlons herein hatre a vi3cosity ~neat) a~ 24C in thQ rar~e ran about l,000 to about 20,000 cps, preferably fra~ abou~ 2,000 to a~u~ 15,000 cps, more preferably frcrn about 4,000 to a~out 12,000 cp~, visco~ity being measured in a Brookfleld wr viscaeter using splndle nL~er 4 at speed 3.
~though the addition o~ ~atty acld alkanol~des ~e.g.
ClO~C16 mo~- and di{:2-C3 alkan~lami~s) ln high~r lev~ls ha3 a genecally delete~io~ effect on forT~lation phy~ical charact@ristics, never~les~ su~h Tat~rials can ~e added for additional suds-bocsting ef~æt ar~ keninq effect provided the amide i~ maintai~d a~ law concentration in product, preferably no more than about 4~ ~y weight~
more preferably less than about 3% by weight.
Where ~he ~ition of a liquid dean~ product will be in contac~ wi~ ~e skin of the uær~, it is prefer~ed that the cleansing pzoduct be for~lated to p~ovide a pH in use wi~in the ra~e of from about 4 to about 10, deperdir~ upon the particular surf~:tant or ma~erials enployed. Espæially preferred is a p~ in the rang~ of 5 to 7. Any of a large n~er of known su~tan~e~
can ~e used to adju~t the pH o th~ liquid clean~
pr~duct, e.~.t sodiun ~ydroxide, citric acid~ generally at a levQl of up to ab~ut 0~5~ oi~ ~che produ~t c~position.
39~
~ f~ may b~ used ~A fonnulatir~3 ~ llquid cleansir~ praduct~, g@rerAlly at a level of a~ut 0.1~ to about S~ of tt~e product co~o~ltion. Col~rant~ n~y al~o be u~ $n the li~uid cleansin~ product~. Opæ~ler~, s1g., 5 e~lens glycol distearate, poly~ty~erd~ latex, gen~zally at a lev~1 of about 0.2~ to ab~ut 2.0a o~ the product capo~ition, may b~ used in the li~uid clean~inq produ::ts to provide them ~ith ~n opaque or F~arle~cent app~4ranc0.
Presorvatives, e.g., EDTA, met}~l pasab~n, pc~yl paraben, 10 "Germall 115" ,"Kathon" , generally at a level of less than 1 nuy b~ irsorporated in the liq~ld clean~ a p~odu:tg to pcevent microbiological gr~th in th~ produc~.
Th~ liquid cleansing prG~ucts of th~ prea~nt invention genarally con~in at least about 42~ wat~, prefe~ably rom abou'c 60 15 t~ about 90~ wate~.
T~ inventior~ lustrated in the folla~
non-limative ~xanple3 in which a~l part~ and per~en~cages a~e ~y weight unless oth~ if ied:
*r~ademark *~ ark . '`
lZC313~3~
I II III rv V VI VII
Sodiu3 C12_13 alkyl sulphate - 9 5 6 8 - 10 Scdium C13_15 alkyl 5ulphate 8 C12-13 (~)2 alkyl sulphatl3 _ _ _ _ 8 Sodium ~13-15 ~ )2 ~lkyl sulphate 12 - _ _ _ 9 ~odiu~ C12_13 (E0)3 alkyl sulphatl~ 11 8 6 - - 11 Com~ercial Clo alcohol ~SO~10 2 - 3 ~ 3 2 Comn~rcial Cg 11 alcohol ~50)5 - - 4 - 2 -~ _ Jaguar A-40-F(1) - - - 0.3 - - _ Jaguar HP-60 0.4 0.6 0.3 - 0.5 0.5 0.6 Propylene Glycol 2 Glycerine 2 3 3 2 3 2 4 Coconut Mbnoethanol~m~de 2 2 - - 1 1 1.5 Ethyleneglycol diste~rate 1 1 0.5 0.5 Perume 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 Pre~ervative (2) 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 i citric acid 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 Magnesium chloride - 6H20 - - - 0.1 - - -Dyes 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Water - ` - - TO 100 (1) Purified guar gum from Celanese Plastic3 ~ Specialitie~
Ca~
; (2) Comprises Germal 115, Mbthyl Paraben, Prcpyl PAraben ¦ 25 and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
The above products ar~ made by a ~atch p~ocess involving addition of a hot premix to a main mix in the follcwing manner.
~9~3gl H~t P'remix .
A.portion o~ the alkyl sulphate (~upplied as a 28%
aqueou~ solution) i~ heated in a premix tank to about 60C
and th~ fatty alcohol ethoxyLate and glycerine are a~ded thereto with agitation and heating to maintain a te~peraturs of about 60C. The preservative i8 then added and the premux i8 heated to about 65C at which temperature cDoonut ~noethanolamide, if present, i9 added.
: Ethyleneglycoldistearate is add~ after further heatlng to a temperature of about 65C to 70C.
Main Mix Th~ alkyl ether sulphate (supplied as a 28% active) and the remaining alkyl sul~ ~te are added to a main mix tank toyather with a watex slurry of the guar material. Finally the citric acid, and magnesi~ chloride, if Eresent~ are added.
The premix i3 then addsd with agitation at a te~perature of about 70C to the main mix, the combined mixture is rapidly cooled in a heat exchanger and dyes and pexfume are added to form the finished product.
The resulting products have desirable fQami~g, thick~ng and skin feel prcperties tog~ther with excellent formulation pourability, solubility and viscosity characteristics at both normal and low storage temperatures as well as good thickening and viscosity I control when diluted with water under typical shower ¦ foam usage conditions.
The above Examples are repeated but the polymer is added as the final component in the hot premix rather than the main mix and the premix is agitated for at least 15 minutes prior to addition to the main mix.
The resultln~ products retain the advantages described above but ha~e a higher viscosity at ambient temperatures.
Claims (16)
1. An aqueous, liquid cleansing composition comprising:
(a) from about 8% to about 50% by weight of primary surfactant selected from anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and semi-polar surfactants and mixtures thereof, (b) from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of a water-soluble polymeric thickening agent, (c) from about 0.1% to about 6% by weight of glycerine, and additionally comprising (d) from 0.1% to 6% by weight of an auxiliary surfactant selected from ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols having an average alkyl chain length of from 9 to 11 carbon atoms and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) in the range of from 11.0 to 17.0, and (e) optionally a C10-C16 mono or di-C2-C3 alkanolamide in a level of less than 3% by weight.
(a) from about 8% to about 50% by weight of primary surfactant selected from anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and semi-polar surfactants and mixtures thereof, (b) from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of a water-soluble polymeric thickening agent, (c) from about 0.1% to about 6% by weight of glycerine, and additionally comprising (d) from 0.1% to 6% by weight of an auxiliary surfactant selected from ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols having an average alkyl chain length of from 9 to 11 carbon atoms and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) in the range of from 11.0 to 17.0, and (e) optionally a C10-C16 mono or di-C2-C3 alkanolamide in a level of less than 3% by weight.
2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the thickening agent is a nonionic polymer selected from guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, locust bean gum, starch, starch amylose, hydroxyethylamylose and polyoxyethylene.
3. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the thickening agent is guar gum or hydroxypropyl guar gum.
4. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the thickening agent is hydroxypropyl guar gum having a degree of substitution of from about 0.3 to about 1.2.
5. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the primary surfactant is an anionic surfactant selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of C10-C16 alkyl sulphates, C10-Cl6 alkyl ethoxy sulphates containing up to about 6 molar proportions of ethylene oxide, C10-16 alkyl benzene sulphonates, and mixtures thereof.
6. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the aliphatic alcohol has an average alkyl chain length of from about 9 to about 11 carbon atoms.
7. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the aliphatic alcohol contains an average (EaV) of from about 2 to about 15 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
8. A composition according to Claim 7 wherein the auxiliary surfactant contains less than about 1% of unethoxylated aliphatic alcohol when EaV is less than 9 and less than about 2% of unethoxylated alcohol when EaV
is equal to or greater than 9.
is equal to or greater than 9.
9. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 comprising from about 10% to about 30% of primary surfactant, from about 0.5% to about 4% of auxiliary surfactant, and from about 0.3% to about 0.7% of guar gum or hydroxypropyl guar gum.
10. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 comprising from about 0.5% to about 4% glycerine.
11. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 additionally containing from about 0.5% to about 4%
of C10-C16 mono- or di-C2-C3 alkanolamide.
of C10-C16 mono- or di-C2-C3 alkanolamide.
12. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the thickening agent is a cationic polymer selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium guar gums, quaternized cellulose ethers, homopolymers of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, co-polymers of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide, quaternized vinyl pyrrolidone acrylate or methacrylate copolymers of amino alcohol, and polyalkylene imines.
13. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the thickening agent is hydroxypropyl guar gum having a degree of substitution of about 0.6.
14. A composition according to Claim 7 wherein the aliphatic alcohol contains an average (EaV) of from about 6 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
15. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 comprising from about 1% to about 3% glycerine.
16. A composition according to Claim 12 wherein the thickening agent is a polyalkylene imine selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimine and ethoxylated polyethyleneimine.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8505784 | 1985-03-06 | ||
| GB858505784A GB8505784D0 (en) | 1985-03-06 | 1985-03-06 | Liquid cleansing composition |
| GB858528289A GB8528289D0 (en) | 1985-11-16 | 1985-11-16 | Liquid cleansing composition |
| GB8528289 | 1985-11-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1291391C true CA1291391C (en) | 1991-10-29 |
Family
ID=26288919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000503344A Expired - Fee Related CA1291391C (en) | 1985-03-06 | 1986-03-05 | Liquid cleansing composition |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0197649B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR940000438B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1291391C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3671645D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8728610D0 (en) * | 1987-12-08 | 1988-01-13 | Donnell A O | Cleaning liquids |
| GB8811953D0 (en) * | 1988-05-20 | 1988-06-22 | Unilever Plc | General-purpose cleaning compositions |
| JPH02157029A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1990-06-15 | Dainippon Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Stabilization of composition containing anionic surfactant |
| GB8914462D0 (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1989-08-09 | Unilever Plc | Cleaning composition |
| GB8924478D0 (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1989-12-20 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
| FR2750322B1 (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-09-04 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | CONCENTRATED DISPERSIONS COMPRISING A WATER-SOLUBLE CATIONIC POLYSACCHARIDE, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE IN COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS |
| US6559116B1 (en) | 1999-09-27 | 2003-05-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Antimicrobial compositions for hard surfaces |
| US6696067B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2004-02-24 | Ondeo Nalco Company | Cosmetic compositions containing dispersion polymers |
| US6569413B1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2003-05-27 | Ondeo Nalco Company | Hair fixative composition containing an anionic polymer |
| KR20030021100A (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2003-03-12 | 김기현 | Poster remover of liquid polymer composition |
| US7455848B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2008-11-25 | Nalco Company | Skin care composition containing an anionic polymer |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3935129A (en) * | 1973-10-25 | 1976-01-27 | Jabalee Walter J | Liquid cleaning compositions |
| US4260528A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1981-04-07 | Lever Brothers Company | Aqueous high viscosity liquid dishwasher compositions |
| DE3274063D1 (en) * | 1981-11-30 | 1986-12-11 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Mixtures of quaternary polymeric ammonium salts, quaternary mono- or oligomeric ammonium salts and alkoxylated or sulfonated surfactants, their preparation and their use in cosmetic compositions |
| US4472297A (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1984-09-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Shampoo compositions containing hydroxypropyl guar gum |
| EP0115252A3 (en) * | 1982-12-29 | 1985-12-27 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Mixtures of quaternary polymer ammonium salts, surfactants and fatty acids, their preparation and use in cosmetic compositions |
| US4617148A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1986-10-14 | Hercules Incorporated | Opaque liquid hand soap |
| US4566993A (en) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-28 | O'donnell & Associates, Inc. | Liquid detergents containing cellulose ethers stabilized by glycerol |
-
1986
- 1986-03-04 DE DE8686301500T patent/DE3671645D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-03-04 EP EP86301500A patent/EP0197649B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-03-05 CA CA000503344A patent/CA1291391C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-03-06 KR KR1019860001587A patent/KR940000438B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0197649A2 (en) | 1986-10-15 |
| EP0197649A3 (en) | 1987-06-16 |
| EP0197649B1 (en) | 1990-05-30 |
| KR860007364A (en) | 1986-10-10 |
| KR940000438B1 (en) | 1994-01-21 |
| DE3671645D1 (en) | 1990-07-05 |
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