CA1292187C - Cross-linked cationic polymers for use in personal care products - Google Patents
Cross-linked cationic polymers for use in personal care productsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1292187C CA1292187C CA000521193A CA521193A CA1292187C CA 1292187 C CA1292187 C CA 1292187C CA 000521193 A CA000521193 A CA 000521193A CA 521193 A CA521193 A CA 521193A CA 1292187 C CA1292187 C CA 1292187C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vinyl addition
- mole percent
- personal care
- addition monomer
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- A61K8/8158—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides, e.g. (meth) acrylamide; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/54—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties
- A61K2800/542—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge
- A61K2800/5426—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge cationic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q3/00—Manicure or pedicure preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
Abstract
Abstract of the Invention Personal care compositions are provided which have as a thickening agent a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer. Such compositions include water, at least one cosmetically-active agent, and such thickening agent, preferably one derived from the polymerization of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, acrylamide, and a small amount of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer for cross-linking purposes. Alternatively, the cross-linking functionality can be provided by the incorporation of an anionic vinyl addition monomer into the polymer.
Description
~;292~
SPECIFICATIO?~
Technical Field of the Invention The present invention is in the tec:hnical field of thickening agents for water-based composit:ions, and more particularly in the field of thickening agents for water-based personal care products, such as shampoos, hair treatment compositions of both the rinse-off and leave-on type, hand lotions, and the like, compositions containing such agents, and thickening methods.
Background of the Invention Many industries have a need for materials that can increase the viscosity of aqueous-based compositlons such as aqueous solutions or di.spersions or emulsions having an aaueous continuous phase. In many instances, a oarticu-lar viscosity is desired or necessary for ease in handling, disoensing, or otherwise using a product. Coatin~ comoo-sitions, such as latex paints, must have sufficient viscosity to avoid excessive dripping from the applicator.
Personal care products, which are often applied b~ hand, generally must have sufficient viscosity to cling to the hand of the user, and then to the hair, or skin, or other point of application. For instance, if a hand lotion had a fluidity ap~roaching that of water, until completely - ? -~2~
dried a significant portion would be transferred to anddeposited on an~thing the user may touch. A watery hair-set lotion would run through the user's fingers and off the hair during application. To such type of formu-lations a separate ingredient or ingredients are o~ten added to increase viscosity to the desired level. ~uch materials are called thickeners or thickening agents.
It is desirable that such thickening agents provide the desired viscosity at a low add-on level to minimize cost. It is desirable that such agents be compatible with other ingredients in the formulation at use level. Thus the nature of a given thickener must be taken into consideration together with that of the other components of the composition. Moreover, desired activity o the thickener at low use levels may diminish ~otential incompatibilities. It is also desirable to have available a group of thickening agents from which to select one to provide a particular viscosity level at a par~icular add-on level.
In the personal care ~roduct industry thickening agents based on anionic polymers are widely kno~n, such as carboxy vinyl ?olymers.
There are sufficient compatibility problems between such anionic poiymers and other formulation components that effective alternatives are being sought.
Z~&17 Disclosure of the Invention The present invention provides personal care compositionsincluding, as a thickening agent, a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition ~olymer. Such polymers may be homopolymers of certain quat:ernary ammonium salts of vinyl addition monomers, in particular the quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethyl-methacrylate. Other suitable cationic vinyl addition monomers from which such oolymer could be formed include the quaternary ammonium salts of dimethylaminoethylacrylate, diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride/ and methylacrylamido-propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride. Such polymers also include the polymerization of one or more of such cationic vinyl addition monomers togethex with other vinyl addition monomers having suitable reactivity ratios for such polymerizations. These other vinyl addition monomers that may be incorporated into such polymers may be nonionic, cationic, or anionic, or combinations thereof.
A particularly useful monomer for such polymerizations is acrylamide. As explained below, a oarticularl~ useful combination of monomers for such polymerizations is a combination of acrylamide and acrylamidomethyl prooane sulfonic acid.
Such polymers are lightly cross-lin~ed with a suitable cross-linking agent, such as a difunctional vinyl addition monomer polymerized together with the polymeric formulation. Preferred cross-linking agents are certain polyethylene glycol diacrylic esters. The light cross-linking can also be provided by an ionic cross-linking mechanism, by the inclusion of a sui~able anionic monomer together with the catlonic monomer in the vinyl addition polymerization u~ilized for the preparation of the polymers used in the present invention. The cross-linking can also be provided by a combination of both such mechanisms.
The cationic thickeners utilized in the present invention have been found to have highly desirable viscosity development efficiency, and in preferred embodiment have been found superior to those of commercial carboxy vinyl polymer thickeners.
Preferred Embodiments of the Invention _ The present invention, in one embodiment, is a personal care composition including at least one cosmeti-cally-active agent in a water-base, together with a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer as a thickening agent. In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of thickening a water-based personal care compo-sition including at least one cosmetically-actlve agent, by admixing therewith an effective amount of a llghtly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer to increase the viscosity of the comoosition.
By cosmetically-active agent is meant herein any material applied to the body, typically to the skin,- hair, or nails, for the cosmetic treatment thereof. Such agents, include emollients and lubricants for softening or smoothing, surfactants for cleansing and other purposes, natural or synthetic polymers for various purposes including the topical coating of the hair to build body or to enhance setting characteristics, and the like. Such agents include, without limitation, mineral oils, glycerin, beeswax, lanolin, acetylated lanolin, stearic acid, palmitic acid, cetyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium salts of olefin sulfonates, various proteins and polymeric sugars, and the like. This list is intended to exemplify only and not limiting as to the materials that are encom~assed by the term cosmetically-active agent. In water-based personal care compositions the water is a vehicle for application to some ?art of the body of some cosmeticallv-active agent that will have a cosmetic efiect of some type, whether such effect is a softening or cleansing or strengthening or body enhancing effect. It is the intent here to include within the terms cosmetically-active agent any and all of such materials that are provided for a cosmetic effect.
~Z9Z~L~37 The personal care compositions of the present invention can also include combinations of cosmetically-active agents of various types, coloring agents, fragrances, preservatives, and the like.
As mentioned above, the lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymers used in the present invention can be formed not only from wholly cationic vinvl addition monomers, but may also include nonionic monomers, particularly acrylamide, and certain anionic vinyl addition monomers, particularly an alkalic metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid. I~hen such an anionic vinyl addition monomer is incorporated into such polyrner, it is incorporated at a mole percent that is less than the mole percent of the cationic vinyl addition monomer therein.
A ~referred embodiment of the invention is a personal care com~osition having as a thickening agent,a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer derived from the polymerization of 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, O to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent o~ a difunctional vinyl addition monomer.In a more preferred embodiment, the difunctional vinyl additinn monomer is a ~olyet~ylene glycol diacrylic ester having a molecular weight of from 300 to 3,000, and the cationic vinyl addition monomer is a ~:9~
66530-~18 quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate. In a highly preEerred embodiment, the lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer is derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 70 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacry]ate and from 30 to 85 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.025 weight percent of the polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester, particularly where the polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester is polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate. It has been found that such a personal care composition wherein the thickener is even more particularly such a polymer derived from about 50 mole percent of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate ammonium chloride and about 50 mole percent of acrylamide provides a highly desirable viscosity and rheological properties at a one weight percent addition level.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a personal care composition including: a water base; at least one cosmetically-active agent; and up to about 1.0 weight percent of a thickening agent consisting essentially of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl polymer derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 0 to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl addition monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a personal care composition including: a water base; at least one cosmetically-active a~ent; and up to about 1.0 weight percent oE a thickening agent comprisin~ a lightly cross-]inked cationic vinyl adclition 8~
B
Z~37 polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacry].ate, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 2 to 3t) mole percent of anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent of said quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
In another embodiment the personal hair compositions of the present invention may contain, as the thickening agent, a li~htly cross-linked vinyl addition polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 25 to 80 mole percent oE
acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer. In a preferred embodiment, the cationic vinyl addition monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, and the anionic vinyl addition monomer isan alkali metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid. In a more pre~erred embodiment, the thickening agent of the personal care compositlon is derived from the polymerization of from 20 to 50 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, from ~0 to 75 mole percent of acrylamide and from 5 to 10 mole percent of an alkalic metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid.
Although cross-linking is provided therein by the inclusion of both cationic and anionic functionalities, such polymers may also further include from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctlonal vinyl addition monomer, particularly a polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester having a molecular weight of from 300 to 3,000.
The present invention also provides a method of thickening a personal care composition comprising admi~ina with a mixture of water and at least one cosmetically-active agent an effective amount of a lightly cross-linked cationic ~inyl addition polymer to increase the viscosity thereof.In a preferred embodiment, the lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer is derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 0 to 90 mole oercent of acrylamide, and from about 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer.In another oreferred lZ921t~7 embodiment, the li~htly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer is derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer. Such anlonic-containing vinyl addition monomer may further include Erom Ot 005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of thickening a personal care composition comprising: admixing with water and at least one cosmetically~active agent up to about 1.0 weight percent of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consisting essen-tially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl additional monomer, from 0 to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl addition polymer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of thickening a personal care composition comprising: admixing water and at least one cosmetically-active agent up to about 1.0 weight percent of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer to increase the viscosity thereof wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consists essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to ~0 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, from 2S to 80 mole percent oE
acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent oE said 10~
~ 7 66530-418 quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
The present invention also includes a thickening agent for water-based compositions comprising a lightly cross-linked vinyl addition polymer containing from 15 to 60 mole percent of a cakionic vinyl addition monomer, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer. In preferred embodiments, the cationic vinyl addition monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, the anionic vinyl addition monomer is an alkali metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid, and the lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer further contains from 0.005 to 0.01 weight percent of a polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester having a molecular weight of 300 to 3,000.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of thickening agent for water-~ased compositions comprising: a lightly cross-linked vinyl addition polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl additlon is a quaternary ammonium of salt of dimethylaminoethylmetha-acrylate, and wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent of said quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
All of the above~delineated polymers may be prepared using conventional solution polymerization techniques or preferably methods in which water-soluble vinyl addition ~ 10~ -3~
129~1~37 monomers are polymerized in the form of water-in-oil emulsions. In the latter instance, the water-in-oil latex polymerization product is typically inverted, utilizing conventional techniques, to release the polymer into some solution or composition having water as the continuous phase. In any application in which the oil of the continuous phase of the polymerization latex i9 to be separated from the polymer itself, the polymer may be isolated by precipitation from the emulsion latex, for instance with ethanol.
EXA~SPLES 1 TO 27 -In the following examples various cationic vinyl addition polymers useful in the present invention were pxepared utilizing the water-in-oil emulsion technique described above. The relative mole oercentages of the various monomers that were incorporated into the polymer are expressed in the table below without regard to the branching or cross-linking agent, although such agents were added to the monomer solutions before polymerization and thus incorporated into the polymer, because such ayents are added at only a fraction of a mole percentage. Hence the amount of cross-linking agent is expressed in terms of weight percentage based on total ~olymerO
l'Z~ 87 In each of the examples, the viscosities of aqueous solutions of the polymer were measured at various polymer concentrations using a Brookfield viscometer LVT Model at 12 rpm at ambient room temperature. The viscosity development efficiencies shown by the viscosity measure-ments set forth below demonstrate the efficiencies of these polymers as thickeners, and particularly for personal care compositions the presence of a ~olyethylene glycol diacrylic ester has been shown to provide des.ired short rheological properties at low use levels without pititous characteristics.
In the followinq Tables I and II, the following abbreviations are utllized. "NaAMPS" for sodium salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid; "DMAEM-MCQ" for the methyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate; "AcAm" for acrylamide;
"MBA" for methylene bis acrylamide; and "PEG 630 D~" for polyethylene glycol dimethylate having an ethylene oxide content of about 12 units.
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12~;~187 ~AMPLE 28 The polymer of Example 20 above was incorporated as a thickener in both a leave-on hair treatment and in a rinse-off hair treatment at a level of 1 weight percent based on total weight of the personal care product. Upon test use of both compositions separately, good setting was obtained for both. The lightly cross-linked cationic polymer was deemed an acceptable alternative to the typical carboxy vinyl polymers typically used as thickening agents in such compositions in their commercial form. The same polymer was also tested for use in a hand lotion, as a dlluent for one-half (1/2) of the actives. A very creamy viscous lotion wlth good skin feel was obtained.
To give a reference ~rame to the various viscosity development sufficiencies set forth above in Tables I and II
:
above, two commercial thickeners were tested of the carboxy vlnyl polymer types for viscosity development efficiency, utilizing the same model Brookfield Viscometer at 12 rp~.
For such thickener sold under the trade mark of CARBOPOL 941 by B. F. Goodrich, viscosity was only slightly more than 100Q cps at 0.1 weight percent concentrat~ion, rising to some-what less than 10,000 cps at a 1.0 weight percent concentra-tion. For CARBOPOL 934, also sold by B. F. Goodrich, at 0.2 weight percent concentration, the viscosity was about : :
SPECIFICATIO?~
Technical Field of the Invention The present invention is in the tec:hnical field of thickening agents for water-based composit:ions, and more particularly in the field of thickening agents for water-based personal care products, such as shampoos, hair treatment compositions of both the rinse-off and leave-on type, hand lotions, and the like, compositions containing such agents, and thickening methods.
Background of the Invention Many industries have a need for materials that can increase the viscosity of aqueous-based compositlons such as aqueous solutions or di.spersions or emulsions having an aaueous continuous phase. In many instances, a oarticu-lar viscosity is desired or necessary for ease in handling, disoensing, or otherwise using a product. Coatin~ comoo-sitions, such as latex paints, must have sufficient viscosity to avoid excessive dripping from the applicator.
Personal care products, which are often applied b~ hand, generally must have sufficient viscosity to cling to the hand of the user, and then to the hair, or skin, or other point of application. For instance, if a hand lotion had a fluidity ap~roaching that of water, until completely - ? -~2~
dried a significant portion would be transferred to anddeposited on an~thing the user may touch. A watery hair-set lotion would run through the user's fingers and off the hair during application. To such type of formu-lations a separate ingredient or ingredients are o~ten added to increase viscosity to the desired level. ~uch materials are called thickeners or thickening agents.
It is desirable that such thickening agents provide the desired viscosity at a low add-on level to minimize cost. It is desirable that such agents be compatible with other ingredients in the formulation at use level. Thus the nature of a given thickener must be taken into consideration together with that of the other components of the composition. Moreover, desired activity o the thickener at low use levels may diminish ~otential incompatibilities. It is also desirable to have available a group of thickening agents from which to select one to provide a particular viscosity level at a par~icular add-on level.
In the personal care ~roduct industry thickening agents based on anionic polymers are widely kno~n, such as carboxy vinyl ?olymers.
There are sufficient compatibility problems between such anionic poiymers and other formulation components that effective alternatives are being sought.
Z~&17 Disclosure of the Invention The present invention provides personal care compositionsincluding, as a thickening agent, a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition ~olymer. Such polymers may be homopolymers of certain quat:ernary ammonium salts of vinyl addition monomers, in particular the quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethyl-methacrylate. Other suitable cationic vinyl addition monomers from which such oolymer could be formed include the quaternary ammonium salts of dimethylaminoethylacrylate, diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride/ and methylacrylamido-propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride. Such polymers also include the polymerization of one or more of such cationic vinyl addition monomers togethex with other vinyl addition monomers having suitable reactivity ratios for such polymerizations. These other vinyl addition monomers that may be incorporated into such polymers may be nonionic, cationic, or anionic, or combinations thereof.
A particularly useful monomer for such polymerizations is acrylamide. As explained below, a oarticularl~ useful combination of monomers for such polymerizations is a combination of acrylamide and acrylamidomethyl prooane sulfonic acid.
Such polymers are lightly cross-lin~ed with a suitable cross-linking agent, such as a difunctional vinyl addition monomer polymerized together with the polymeric formulation. Preferred cross-linking agents are certain polyethylene glycol diacrylic esters. The light cross-linking can also be provided by an ionic cross-linking mechanism, by the inclusion of a sui~able anionic monomer together with the catlonic monomer in the vinyl addition polymerization u~ilized for the preparation of the polymers used in the present invention. The cross-linking can also be provided by a combination of both such mechanisms.
The cationic thickeners utilized in the present invention have been found to have highly desirable viscosity development efficiency, and in preferred embodiment have been found superior to those of commercial carboxy vinyl polymer thickeners.
Preferred Embodiments of the Invention _ The present invention, in one embodiment, is a personal care composition including at least one cosmeti-cally-active agent in a water-base, together with a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer as a thickening agent. In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of thickening a water-based personal care compo-sition including at least one cosmetically-actlve agent, by admixing therewith an effective amount of a llghtly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer to increase the viscosity of the comoosition.
By cosmetically-active agent is meant herein any material applied to the body, typically to the skin,- hair, or nails, for the cosmetic treatment thereof. Such agents, include emollients and lubricants for softening or smoothing, surfactants for cleansing and other purposes, natural or synthetic polymers for various purposes including the topical coating of the hair to build body or to enhance setting characteristics, and the like. Such agents include, without limitation, mineral oils, glycerin, beeswax, lanolin, acetylated lanolin, stearic acid, palmitic acid, cetyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium salts of olefin sulfonates, various proteins and polymeric sugars, and the like. This list is intended to exemplify only and not limiting as to the materials that are encom~assed by the term cosmetically-active agent. In water-based personal care compositions the water is a vehicle for application to some ?art of the body of some cosmeticallv-active agent that will have a cosmetic efiect of some type, whether such effect is a softening or cleansing or strengthening or body enhancing effect. It is the intent here to include within the terms cosmetically-active agent any and all of such materials that are provided for a cosmetic effect.
~Z9Z~L~37 The personal care compositions of the present invention can also include combinations of cosmetically-active agents of various types, coloring agents, fragrances, preservatives, and the like.
As mentioned above, the lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymers used in the present invention can be formed not only from wholly cationic vinvl addition monomers, but may also include nonionic monomers, particularly acrylamide, and certain anionic vinyl addition monomers, particularly an alkalic metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid. I~hen such an anionic vinyl addition monomer is incorporated into such polyrner, it is incorporated at a mole percent that is less than the mole percent of the cationic vinyl addition monomer therein.
A ~referred embodiment of the invention is a personal care com~osition having as a thickening agent,a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer derived from the polymerization of 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, O to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent o~ a difunctional vinyl addition monomer.In a more preferred embodiment, the difunctional vinyl additinn monomer is a ~olyet~ylene glycol diacrylic ester having a molecular weight of from 300 to 3,000, and the cationic vinyl addition monomer is a ~:9~
66530-~18 quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate. In a highly preEerred embodiment, the lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer is derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 70 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacry]ate and from 30 to 85 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.025 weight percent of the polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester, particularly where the polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester is polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate. It has been found that such a personal care composition wherein the thickener is even more particularly such a polymer derived from about 50 mole percent of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate ammonium chloride and about 50 mole percent of acrylamide provides a highly desirable viscosity and rheological properties at a one weight percent addition level.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a personal care composition including: a water base; at least one cosmetically-active agent; and up to about 1.0 weight percent of a thickening agent consisting essentially of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl polymer derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 0 to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl addition monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a personal care composition including: a water base; at least one cosmetically-active a~ent; and up to about 1.0 weight percent oE a thickening agent comprisin~ a lightly cross-]inked cationic vinyl adclition 8~
B
Z~37 polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacry].ate, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 2 to 3t) mole percent of anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent of said quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
In another embodiment the personal hair compositions of the present invention may contain, as the thickening agent, a li~htly cross-linked vinyl addition polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 25 to 80 mole percent oE
acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer. In a preferred embodiment, the cationic vinyl addition monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, and the anionic vinyl addition monomer isan alkali metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid. In a more pre~erred embodiment, the thickening agent of the personal care compositlon is derived from the polymerization of from 20 to 50 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, from ~0 to 75 mole percent of acrylamide and from 5 to 10 mole percent of an alkalic metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid.
Although cross-linking is provided therein by the inclusion of both cationic and anionic functionalities, such polymers may also further include from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctlonal vinyl addition monomer, particularly a polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester having a molecular weight of from 300 to 3,000.
The present invention also provides a method of thickening a personal care composition comprising admi~ina with a mixture of water and at least one cosmetically-active agent an effective amount of a lightly cross-linked cationic ~inyl addition polymer to increase the viscosity thereof.In a preferred embodiment, the lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer is derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 0 to 90 mole oercent of acrylamide, and from about 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer.In another oreferred lZ921t~7 embodiment, the li~htly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer is derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer. Such anlonic-containing vinyl addition monomer may further include Erom Ot 005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of thickening a personal care composition comprising: admixing with water and at least one cosmetically~active agent up to about 1.0 weight percent of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consisting essen-tially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl additional monomer, from 0 to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl addition polymer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of thickening a personal care composition comprising: admixing water and at least one cosmetically-active agent up to about 1.0 weight percent of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer to increase the viscosity thereof wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consists essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to ~0 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, from 2S to 80 mole percent oE
acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent oE said 10~
~ 7 66530-418 quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
The present invention also includes a thickening agent for water-based compositions comprising a lightly cross-linked vinyl addition polymer containing from 15 to 60 mole percent of a cakionic vinyl addition monomer, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer. In preferred embodiments, the cationic vinyl addition monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, the anionic vinyl addition monomer is an alkali metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid, and the lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer further contains from 0.005 to 0.01 weight percent of a polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester having a molecular weight of 300 to 3,000.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of thickening agent for water-~ased compositions comprising: a lightly cross-linked vinyl addition polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl additlon is a quaternary ammonium of salt of dimethylaminoethylmetha-acrylate, and wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent of said quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
All of the above~delineated polymers may be prepared using conventional solution polymerization techniques or preferably methods in which water-soluble vinyl addition ~ 10~ -3~
129~1~37 monomers are polymerized in the form of water-in-oil emulsions. In the latter instance, the water-in-oil latex polymerization product is typically inverted, utilizing conventional techniques, to release the polymer into some solution or composition having water as the continuous phase. In any application in which the oil of the continuous phase of the polymerization latex i9 to be separated from the polymer itself, the polymer may be isolated by precipitation from the emulsion latex, for instance with ethanol.
EXA~SPLES 1 TO 27 -In the following examples various cationic vinyl addition polymers useful in the present invention were pxepared utilizing the water-in-oil emulsion technique described above. The relative mole oercentages of the various monomers that were incorporated into the polymer are expressed in the table below without regard to the branching or cross-linking agent, although such agents were added to the monomer solutions before polymerization and thus incorporated into the polymer, because such ayents are added at only a fraction of a mole percentage. Hence the amount of cross-linking agent is expressed in terms of weight percentage based on total ~olymerO
l'Z~ 87 In each of the examples, the viscosities of aqueous solutions of the polymer were measured at various polymer concentrations using a Brookfield viscometer LVT Model at 12 rpm at ambient room temperature. The viscosity development efficiencies shown by the viscosity measure-ments set forth below demonstrate the efficiencies of these polymers as thickeners, and particularly for personal care compositions the presence of a ~olyethylene glycol diacrylic ester has been shown to provide des.ired short rheological properties at low use levels without pititous characteristics.
In the followinq Tables I and II, the following abbreviations are utllized. "NaAMPS" for sodium salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid; "DMAEM-MCQ" for the methyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate; "AcAm" for acrylamide;
"MBA" for methylene bis acrylamide; and "PEG 630 D~" for polyethylene glycol dimethylate having an ethylene oxide content of about 12 units.
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12~;~187 ~AMPLE 28 The polymer of Example 20 above was incorporated as a thickener in both a leave-on hair treatment and in a rinse-off hair treatment at a level of 1 weight percent based on total weight of the personal care product. Upon test use of both compositions separately, good setting was obtained for both. The lightly cross-linked cationic polymer was deemed an acceptable alternative to the typical carboxy vinyl polymers typically used as thickening agents in such compositions in their commercial form. The same polymer was also tested for use in a hand lotion, as a dlluent for one-half (1/2) of the actives. A very creamy viscous lotion wlth good skin feel was obtained.
To give a reference ~rame to the various viscosity development sufficiencies set forth above in Tables I and II
:
above, two commercial thickeners were tested of the carboxy vlnyl polymer types for viscosity development efficiency, utilizing the same model Brookfield Viscometer at 12 rp~.
For such thickener sold under the trade mark of CARBOPOL 941 by B. F. Goodrich, viscosity was only slightly more than 100Q cps at 0.1 weight percent concentrat~ion, rising to some-what less than 10,000 cps at a 1.0 weight percent concentra-tion. For CARBOPOL 934, also sold by B. F. Goodrich, at 0.2 weight percent concentration, the viscosity was about : :
2,400 cps; at 0.4 weight percent concentration, the viscosity was about 17,000, and at O.S weight percent concentration the viscosity was about 33,030 cps; and at 1.0 weight percent concentration, the viscosity was about 50,000 cps.
The polymers used in the present invention may be used singly or in combination to provide the desired viscosity.
Industrial Applicability of the Invention The present invention is applicable to those industries, particularly the personal care industry, in which a thickening agent for water-based solutions, dispersions, or emulsions is desired.
The polymers used in the present invention may be used singly or in combination to provide the desired viscosity.
Industrial Applicability of the Invention The present invention is applicable to those industries, particularly the personal care industry, in which a thickening agent for water-based solutions, dispersions, or emulsions is desired.
Claims (16)
1. A personal care composition including a water base;
at least one cosmetically-active agent; and up to about 1.0 weight percent of a thickening agent consisting essentially of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl polymer derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 0 to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl addition monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
at least one cosmetically-active agent; and up to about 1.0 weight percent of a thickening agent consisting essentially of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl polymer derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 0 to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl addition monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
2. The personal care composition of claim 1 wherein said difunctional vinyl addition monomer is a polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester having a molecular weight of from 300 to 3,000.
3. The personal care composition of claim 2, wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer is derived from the polymerization from 15 to 70 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and from 30 to 85 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.025 weight percent of said polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester.
4. The personal care composition of claim 3, wherein said polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester is a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
5. The personal care composition of claim 4 wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer includes about 50 mole percent of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate ammonium chloride and about 50 mole percent of acrylamide.
6. A method of thickening a personal care composition comprising:
admixing with water and at least one cosmetically-active agent up to about 1.0 weight percent of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 0 to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl addition polymer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
admixing with water and at least one cosmetically-active agent up to about 1.0 weight percent of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 5 to 100 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 0 to 90 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl addition polymer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
7. A personal care composition including: a water base;
at least one cosmetically-active agent; and up to about 1.0 weight percent of a thickening agent comprising a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent of said quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
at least one cosmetically-active agent; and up to about 1.0 weight percent of a thickening agent comprising a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide, and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent of said quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
8. The personal care composition of claim 7 wherein said anionic vinyl addition monomer is an alkali metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfionic acid.
9. The personal care composition of claim 8 wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer includes from 20 to 50 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, from 40 to 75 mole percent of acrylamide and from 5 to 10 mole percent of an alkali metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfionic acid.
10. The personal care composition of claim 9 wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer further includes from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer.
11. The personal care composition of claim 10 wherein said difunctional vinyl addition monomer is a polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester having a molecular weight of from 300 to 3,000.
12. A method of thickening a personal care composition comprising:
admixing with water and at least one cosmetically-active agent up to about 1.0 weight percent of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer to increase the viscosity thereof wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consists essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent of said quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
admixing with water and at least one cosmetically-active agent up to about 1.0 weight percent of a lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer to increase the viscosity thereof wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer consists essentially of a polymer derived from the polymerization of from 15 to 60 mole percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent of said quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer further includes from 0.005 weight percent of a difunctional vinyl addition monomer.
14. A thickening agent for water-based composition comprising:
a lightly cross-linked vinyl addition polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from polymerization of from
a lightly cross-linked vinyl addition polymer consisting essentially of a polymer derived from polymerization of from
15 to 60 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from 25 to 80 mole percent of acrylamide and from 2 to 30 mole percent of an anionic vinyl addition monomer, wherein said cationic vinyl addition monomer is a quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, and wherein the mole percent of said anionic vinyl addition monomer is less than the mole percent of said quaternary ammonium salt of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.
15. The thickening agent of claim 14 wherein said anionic vinyl addition monomer is an alkali metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid.
15. The thickening agent of claim 14 wherein said anionic vinyl addition monomer is an alkali metal salt of acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid.
16. The thickening agent of claim 14 wherein said lightly cross-linked cationic vinyl addition polymer further contains from 0.005 to 0.01 weight percent of a polyethylene glycol diacrylic ester having a molecular weight of 300 to 3,000.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06800471 US4806345C1 (en) | 1985-11-21 | 1985-11-21 | Cross-linked cationic polymers for use in personal care products |
| US800,471 | 1985-11-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1292187C true CA1292187C (en) | 1991-11-19 |
Family
ID=25178477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000521193A Expired - Fee Related CA1292187C (en) | 1985-11-21 | 1986-10-23 | Cross-linked cationic polymers for use in personal care products |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4806345C1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1292187C (en) |
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| GB1394990A (en) * | 1971-08-12 | 1975-05-21 | Hydrophilics Int Inc | Copolymers and compositions containing copolymers |
| BE788642A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1973-03-12 | Oreal | |
| LU64371A1 (en) * | 1971-11-29 | 1973-06-21 | ||
| LU65552A1 (en) * | 1972-06-20 | 1973-12-27 | ||
| US4012501A (en) * | 1975-05-08 | 1977-03-15 | La Maur Inc. | Hair-care composition containing a thermoplastic polymer |
| LU72593A1 (en) * | 1975-05-28 | 1977-02-10 | ||
| FR2390950A1 (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1978-12-15 | Oreal | NEW COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS FOR HAIR AND SKIN BASED ON COPOLYMERS CARRYING TERTIARY AMINE AND / OR QUATERNARY AMMONIUM FUNCTIONS |
| US4272511A (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1981-06-09 | L'oreal | Cosmetic compositions for treating hair |
| FR2439798A1 (en) * | 1978-10-27 | 1980-05-23 | Oreal | NEW COPOLYMERS FOR USE IN COSMETICS, IN PARTICULAR IN HAIR LACQUERS AND LOTIONS |
| US4362715A (en) * | 1980-05-01 | 1982-12-07 | Pq Corporation | Cosmetic vehicle |
| US4508705A (en) * | 1980-07-02 | 1985-04-02 | Lever Brothers Company | Skin treatment composition |
| US4500337A (en) * | 1980-09-03 | 1985-02-19 | Young Robert W | Adherent controlled release microbiocides containing hydrolyzable silanes and organic titanium compounds |
| US4401650A (en) * | 1981-09-15 | 1983-08-30 | Thiokol Corporation | Skin conditioning polymers containing alkoxylated nitrogen salts of sulfonic acid |
| US4478853A (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1984-10-23 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Skin conditioning composition |
| US4528111A (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-09 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Shaving cream gel containing interpolymer reaction product of selected cationic polymers and anionic polymers |
-
1985
- 1985-11-21 US US06800471 patent/US4806345C1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-10-23 CA CA000521193A patent/CA1292187C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4806345C1 (en) | 2001-02-06 |
| US4806345A (en) | 1989-02-21 |
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