CN100374100C - 液体牙齿增白组合物 - Google Patents

液体牙齿增白组合物 Download PDF

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CN100374100C
CN100374100C CNB038118483A CN03811848A CN100374100C CN 100374100 C CN100374100 C CN 100374100C CN B038118483 A CNB038118483 A CN B038118483A CN 03811848 A CN03811848 A CN 03811848A CN 100374100 C CN100374100 C CN 100374100C
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CN1671350A (zh
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R·P·桑塔皮亚三世
M·科林斯
J·P·库尔蒂斯
R·S·鲁滨逊
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/38Percompounds, e.g. peracids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/22Peroxides; Oxygen; Ozone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34Alcohols
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8141Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8147Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof, e.g. crotonic acid, (meth)acrylic acid; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8141Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8152Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/84Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/86Polyethers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses

Abstract

一种含水牙齿增白液体组合物,包含一种包含水和单羟基醇的口腔可接受的载体,其中分散有聚环氧乙烷和Carbomer的成膜混合物,该组合物的pH被调至并维持在酸性。

Description

液体牙齿增白组合物
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明一般涉及牙齿增白液体,尤其涉及一种稳定的、含水过氧化物,其含有用于增白牙釉质的液体增白产品。
2.现有技术
人们渴望自己的牙齿显得明亮或“白”。社会上非常重视一个人的牙齿的“洁白度”。牙齿白的人更加自信和满足,并更加为社会所认可。
牙齿由内部的牙本质层和外部的坚硬的牙釉质层组成,牙釉质层为牙齿的保护层。牙齿的牙釉质层自然地为不透明的白色或微黄白色的颜色。正是该牙釉质层可能会着色或褪色。牙齿的牙釉质层由羟基磷灰石矿物晶体组成,其产生在某种程度上多孔的表面。这些羟基磷灰石晶体形成细微的六角形棒条体或棱柱体来组成该牙釉质表面。因此,牙釉质层的表面在这些棱柱体之间存在微小的空间或气孔。人们相信:牙釉质层的这种多孔性是着色剂和褪色物质渗入到牙釉质中并使牙齿褪色的原因。这些残留物质可以占据该微小的空间并最终改变牙齿的颜色。
人们在日常生活中遭遇或接触到的许多物质会使他的牙齿“着色”或降低其“洁白度”。尤其是,一个人所摄入的食品、烟制品和流体易于使他的牙齿着色。这些产品或物质易于堆积在牙齿的牙釉质层上并在牙齿上形成菌膜。这些着色和褪色物质能随后渗入牙釉质层。这个过程经历多年,逐步进行着,但是却导致当事人牙齿的牙釉质产生引人注目的变色。只要该褪色的牙齿仍然是健康的并且没有任何健康风险或问题,那么增白该褪色牙齿的产品或物质将是有益的。
消费者在家中或私下使用的牙齿增白产品还必须是安全的,和易于使用的,并且其在零售货架上储藏期间以及在被消费者使用期间内必须是稳定的,而且能够保持其增白功效。
目前用来增白牙齿的产品和物质包括多种不同成分,但是主要活性成分都为配制成液体、溶液、软膏或凝胶形式的过氧化物剂。这些产品随着储藏的延长而损失其增白功效。通常使用的含水过氧化物溶液的另外的局限性为:当应用于口腔中的牙齿时,它们的有效时间很短。例如,唾液中含有高浓度的过氧化氢酶,它一旦与过氧化物接触,就迅速地将其分解为氧气和水,因此过氧化物增白剂和牙齿接触的时间很短暂。此外,由于唾液分泌物具有持续的冲洗作用,低粘度的含水过氧化物溶液不能使过氧化物增白剂与牙齿保持足够长的接触时间,因此不能有效的实现增白。这种应用于牙齿的过氧化物剂的过氧化物迅速分解和迅速洗去的倾向严重地限制了它们在增白牙齿方面的应用和效用。因此,非常有必要提供一种稳定的、能够提高在牙齿上滞留的过氧化物增白液体,来实现实质性的增白。
发明概述
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种液体牙齿增白组合物,其含有过氧化物增白成份,该成份分散在含水液体载体中,载体中还分散有成膜组分,当该液体组合物应用到牙表面时,该液体组合物迅速干燥,就地形成含有过氧化物增白剂的凝胶状膜。
在实施本发明的一个实施方案中,提供了一种具有增强了稳定性的和增白功效的含水牙齿增白液体,该液体由含水载体组成,该含水载体含有由环氧乙烷线型均聚物、Carbomer和过氧化物增白剂组成的成膜混合物,该组合物的pH被维持在酸性范围。
本发明的含水液体是一种便携的口腔护理牙齿增白剂,其可以方便地涂抹到牙表面上。当涂抹到牙齿上时,所涂敷的液体增白组合物迅速干燥而原位产生一层粘稠液体凝胶的附着膜,其能够长时间释放过氧化物增白剂。该膜附着在牙齿表面上,由此释放的过氧化物源使涂敷了该膜的牙齿增白,该膜充分地附着以抵消口腔中产生的唾液的牙齿冲洗作用。将该组合物的pH值调至并维持在酸性范围使得过氧化物源在储藏中保持稳定、不易分解。
优选实施方式说明
制备本发明的液体增白组合物所使用的载体包括:无毒的、挥发性的单羟基醇或它们的任何合适的混合物。该挥发性的单羟基醇的存在使得所涂敷的液体增白组合物具有迅速干燥的特性,其在组合物中存在的浓度为约10-约50%重量,优选约25-约40%重量。该组合物的载体中包括水,其在该组合物中占约15-约35%重量,优选约20-约30%重量。
本发明中,用于制备本发明的液体组合物的载体的比例通常占该组合物重量的约40-约80%,优选约50-约70%。诸如山梨醇、丙三醇或丙二醇的润湿剂在本发明的载体中的浓度为约2-约15%重量,优选约3-约8%重量。
在本发明的实施中使用的聚环氧乙烷的实例包括:PEG 2M、5M、7M、14M、23M、45M和90M,Connecticut州Danbury市Union Carbide公司出售,分子量范围为100,000-4百万。本发明的实际操作中使用的聚环氧乙烷优选分子量为约100,000的聚环氧乙烷。这种聚环氧乙烷或PEG 2M是环氧乙烷的非离子聚合物,其平均分子量为100,000,通式为:
(CH2CH2O)n
其中n表示CH2CH2O基团重复的数目。
在本发明的实施中使用的Carbomers包括诸如丙烯酸聚合物的羧基亚甲基聚合物,和丙烯酸共聚物。羧基聚亚甲基是一种弱酸性乙烯基聚合物,其带有活性羧基。在本发明的实施中使用的羧基聚亚甲基优选为丙烯酸与大约0.75%-大约1.5%聚烯丙基蔗糖(以商品名Carbopol 934、974由B.F.Goodrich公司出售)交联成的水可分散的共聚物。该聚羰乙烯(Carbopol)产品在本发明的液体增白组合物中存在的浓度为约0.25-约1.5%重量,优选约0.5-约1.0%重量。
在本发明的实施中可以用作增白剂的过氧化物化合物包括过氧化氢、过氧化脲和过碳酸盐,如过碳酸钠。最优选的是过氧化脲。该过氧化物成份在本发明的液体增白组合物中存在的浓度为约5-约30%重量,优选约10-约25%重量。
在本发明的组合物所保持的酸性pH范围内,聚羰乙烯(Carbopol)类型的Carbomer表现为液体凝胶,而不是固体凝胶,因此与聚环氧乙烷成份组合的Carbomer使液体产物具有一定的粘稠度,同时维持稠度,使得该产品可以用柔软的涂药刷子涂抹在牙表面上。
本发明的液体增白组合物还可以含有增香剂。用于实施本发明的增香剂包括精油以及各种香料醛、酯、醇和类似材料。精油的实例包括:绿薄荷、胡椒薄荷、冬青、檫树、丁香、洋苏草、桉树、马郁兰、肉桂、柠檬、椴、柚子和桔子的精油。诸如薄荷醇、香芹酮和对丙烯基茴香醚的这些化学试剂也是有用的。这些当中,最常用的是胡椒薄荷、绿薄荷和冬青的精油。该增香剂引入本发明的增白液体组合物的浓度为约0.1-约2%重量,优选约0.1-约0.5%重量。
本发明的液体增白组合物最初以液体涂剂的形式制得,并例如通过用柔软的涂药刷子涂抹牙齿而涂敷到使用者的牙齿上。在该使用者涂敷之后,该醇和水载体组分迅速蒸发而在已经涂敷了该涂剂的牙齿上留下一层粘稠液体凝胶的膜或涂层。该沉积膜由聚环氧乙烷组分、Carbomer组分和一种或多种过氧化物增白剂组成。聚环氧乙烷和Carbomer组分混合物的存在使得该一种或多种过氧化物剂可以缓释到所涂敷的牙齿部位,从而延长了该部位的增白处理时间。
液体凝胶的沉积膜不包含那些成分,其会使涂覆处具有难以接受的味道或纹理,其使该使用者不愉快,并牢固粘附到牙釉质上。在该组合物涂敷到牙齿上之后,该组合物在相对较短的时间,例如,20-60秒内干燥,而产生一层牢固附着的、清亮的或牙齿色的膜,其在牙齿上能够看不出。该膜凝胶足够结实地粘附,能够在牙齿上保持一段时间,例如,10-30分钟,从而实现增白效果,并且抵抗嘴唇和舌头通常施加的力量。当该膜在那儿时,该使用者必须克制咀嚼。如果需要和当需要时,可以通过使用标准的口腔卫生步骤,如刷牙或用醇类嗽口水嗽口,而除去该膜。当该膜在牙齿上时,该膜以缓慢而相对固定的速率、和以足够有效地实现从牙齿去污的浓度释放出其中含有的药剂。
通过在诸如装有混合器的不锈钢槽的合适容器中加入并混合组合物的各成份而制得本发明的含水液体增白组合物。在该液体增白组合物的制备中,按以下顺序把各成份加入到混合器中去是有利的:水、Carbomer、醇、润湿剂、聚环氧乙烷和过氧化物和任何所需的香料。然后混合各成份而形成均匀的分散体/溶液。为了优化该液体增白组合物中存在的过氧化物组分的稳定性,用诸如磷酸、乳酸和苹果酸或其混合物的口腔可接受的酸调节该组合物的pH到约3.5-约5.5的pH范围,优选约4.0-约4.5的pH范围,该酸通常以0.05-2%重量,优选约0.1-约1%重量的浓度加到该增白液体中去。该pH值用诸如磷酸钠和柠檬酸钠的缓冲剂缓冲,从而保持这种为了制备该液体增白组合物而选的酸性pH值。
本发明通过以下的实施例来说明,但是并不被其限制。
实施例
制得了一种pH为4.0的增白液体,其具有以下成份:
  成份   重量%
  净化水聚羰乙烯(Carbopol)97495%乙醇甘油PEG2M过氧化脲85%磷酸一价磷酸钠合计   25.11.0034.85.0015.0018.000.101.0100.00
包装在塑料瓶中的增白液体的货架稳定性由从暴露在77和105的温度下4-12周之后的增白液体中回收的过氧化脲百分数确定。使用碘量滴定进行过氧化物回收分析。该稳定性结果记录在下表I中。
  表I液体组合物稳定性
经过时间   开始时的过氧化物重量%   过氧化物回收%77 105 过氧化物回收%
  开始4周8周12周   18.4%18.7%18.9%18.7%   --100%100%100%   18.4%17.3%14.3%8.4% 94%78%46%
记录在表I中的过氧化物回收结果表明:本发明的增白液体甚至在105的高温下储藏12周之后仍然保持了作为有效增白剂的足够的过氧化物含量。
为了确定实施例的液体增白组合物的增白功效,进行了人体研究。该研究的评价过程描述如下。
在第一个研究中,有九十(90)个受试者参加,随机分配成两个组,并且对他们的外部和内部的牙着色进行评价。把实施例的液体增白组合物涂敷到二十九个受试者的前排牙齿上,每天两次持续两周。在第一天和在该受试者使用该产品两周之后进行牙齿检查。经检查,给每个病人的牙齿的外部着色打分,其中着色物主要粘附在牙釉质表面上。该外部的打分方式按照Lobene外部牙齿着色指数(R.R.Lobene,J.Am.Dent.Assoc.,77:849-855,1968)的改进方法进行,其中用着色面积和强度评价牙齿。所有牙齿的着色面积和强度得分乘积的总和,就产生了着色指数得分,其表明了着色等级。
为了比较,重复该步骤,只是在第一个研究的第二组中的受试者使用了在US 5,425,953中公开的那种类型的、市售的、基于纤维素聚合物的液体过氧化物增白组合物,称为组合物C1,或者市售增白牙膏,称为组合物C2。该外部着色结果记录在下表II中。
内部着色,即在牙釉质内部截留的着色,使用Vita LuminTM VacuumFarbskala色调指南(shade guide)(一种德国Badsackinger的Vita Zahnfabrik公司的产品,其有16个色度)而测定其色调指南改进。该内部着色结果记录在下表III中。
  表II外部着色(LOBENE)指数分值
  组合物   基线   2周   降低%
  实施例C1C2   32.20±13.8336.03±15.9636.73±13.23   21.82±12.3926.69±18.2728.38±12.20   32.24%25.92%22.73%
  表III内部(色调指南)着色结果
  组合物   基线   2周   色调指南改进
  实施例C1C2   11.28±2.1511.20±2.1311.44±2.07   7.98±4.069.41±3.638.09±3.77   3.381.693.29
在第二个研究中40个受试者分为20人组,重复第一个研究中测定内部着色所使用的步骤。对比组合物为组合物C2,一种市售增白牙膏。在启动研究之前,所有受试者的牙齿都进行了专业的清洁。该研究进行三周。结果记录在下表IV中。
  表IV内部(色调指南)着色结果
  组合物   基线   3周   色调改进
  实施例C2   10.50±1.9010.64±2.00   6.28±2.3610.31±1.87   4.220.33
记录在表II、III和IV中的结果表明:本发明的液体增白组合物与市售液体增白组合物以及市售牙齿增白牙膏相比,在清除外部和内部牙齿着色方面明显更加有效。

Claims (10)

1.一种适于应用到口腔内的牙齿上的含水牙齿增白液体组合物,其包含:分散在包含水和赋予所述组合物迅速干燥特性的挥发性单羟基醇的口腔可接受的载体中的过氧化物,以及聚环氧乙烷和交联的丙烯酸共聚物的成膜混合物,其中成膜聚环氧乙烷具有100,000到4,000,000的分子量,在该组合物中存在的量为5-50%重量,并且交联的丙烯酸共聚物存在的量为0.25-1.5%重量,由此当被应用到牙齿表面上时该组合物在原位形成可释放过氧化物的牙齿附着膜,其中该组合物的pH值调至并维持在酸性范围。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中过氧化物为过氧化脲或过氧化氢。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中过氧化物在该组合物中存在的浓度为5.0%重量-30%重量。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中该载体中存在润湿剂。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中润湿剂存在的量为3.0%重量-8.0%重量。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中含水载体存在的量为40-70%重量。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中含水载体为水和单羟基醇的混合物。
8.权利要求1的组合物,其中该组合物的pH维持在3.5-5.5。
9.权利要求8的组合物,其中pH使用缓冲盐来缓冲而保持该pH值。
10.权利要求1的组合物在制备用来增白牙齿的组合物中的用途。
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