CN101472503B - 具有刷毛和弹性体元件的牙刷 - Google Patents

具有刷毛和弹性体元件的牙刷 Download PDF

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CN101472503B
CN101472503B CN2007800228656A CN200780022865A CN101472503B CN 101472503 B CN101472503 B CN 101472503B CN 2007800228656 A CN2007800228656 A CN 2007800228656A CN 200780022865 A CN200780022865 A CN 200780022865A CN 101472503 B CN101472503 B CN 101472503B
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head
cleaning
toothbrush
bristle
teeth
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CN101472503A (zh
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D·J·霍尔贝恩
K·沃格斯佩克
S·M·索雷尔
B·M·拉塞尔
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B9/00—Arrangements of the bristles in the brush body
    • A46B9/02—Position or arrangement of bristles in relation to surface of the brush body, e.g. inclined, in rows, in groups
    • A46B9/04—Arranged like in or for toothbrushes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B15/00—Other brushes; Brushes with additional arrangements
    • A46B15/0002—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B15/00—Other brushes; Brushes with additional arrangements
    • A46B15/0002—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process
    • A46B15/0016—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with enhancing means
    • A46B15/0032—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with enhancing means with protrusion for polishing teeth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B9/00—Arrangements of the bristles in the brush body
    • A46B9/02—Position or arrangement of bristles in relation to surface of the brush body, e.g. inclined, in rows, in groups
    • A46B9/028—Bristle profile, the end of the bristle defining a surface other than a single plane or deviating from a simple geometric form, e.g. cylinder, sphere or cone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B9/00—Arrangements of the bristles in the brush body
    • A46B9/06—Arrangement of mixed bristles or tufts of bristles, e.g. wire, fibre, rubber
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
    • A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
    • A46B2200/1066—Toothbrush for cleaning the teeth or dentures

Abstract

一种牙刷，包括头部和多个牙齿清洁元件用以增强对牙齿的清洁。该牙齿清洁元件包括：限定环形排列以更好地保持牙膏的清洁元件，设置在环形内部的中心清洁元件，设置在环形相对侧的两个对置的弧形清洁元件，具有阶梯状和锥形结构的外围清洁元件，伸长的末梢清洁元件，以及近端清洁元件。

Description

具有刷毛和弹性体元件的牙刷
相关申请的交叉引用 
本申请要求2006年6月21日提交的美国申请11/472,021的优先权，申请11/472,021是(1)2004年6月18日提交的美国申请10/870,462的部分继续申请。申请10/870,462是(2)2003年6月20日提交的美国申请101601,106，(3)2003年9月26日提交的PCT/US2003/030633，(4)2003年9月17日提交的PCT申请PCT/US2003/029497以及(5)2003年9月10日提交的美国申请29/189,729的的部分继续申请。申请PCT/US2003/030633请求2002年9月27日提交的美国申请60/414,117，2002年10月16日提交的美国申请60/418,776和2002年10月18日提交的美国申请60/419,425的优先权，申请PCT/US2003/029497是2002年9月20日提交的美国申请60/412,290的继续申请。本申请也是2004年6月18日提交的美国申请10/869,922的部分继续申请。上述申请的内容各自清楚地通过援引而合并到本文中。 
技术领域
本发明属于一种具有改进的清洁头部的牙刷。 
背景技术
一种牙刷，用于通过从牙齿表面去除牙菌斑(plaque)和碎屑来清洁牙齿。具有平整的刷毛切边(bristle trim)的常规牙刷在与牙齿的曲率一致，深入牙齿之间的邻间区域，扫除牙菌斑和碎屑，以及沿着齿龈线清洁的能力上受到限制。此外，这种牙刷保持牙膏以清洁牙齿的能力有限。在刷的过程中，牙膏通常滑过刷毛簇，偏离介于刷毛与牙齿之间的接触区域。结果，牙膏经常散布到嘴的周围，而不是集中在刷毛与牙齿相接触的区域。因此，清洁过程的效率降低。 
发明内容
本发明属于一种具有清洁元件新颖排列的牙刷，为牙齿提供更好的清洁。 
本发明的一方面，一种牙刷包括具有多个牙齿清洁元件从基面延伸的头部。牙齿清洁元件基本上限定了环形排列，以更好地保持牙膏接近介于刷毛和牙齿之间的接触区域，以更有效地清洁。在一个优选结构中，每个环形由多个相互独立的柔软的清洁元件形成，以便维持使用者的舒适感和提供更好的牙齿清洁。 
本发明的另一方面，其它清洁元件设置在形成环形的清洁元件内部。在该结构中，这些中心清洁元件颇具策略性地设置成使所保持的牙膏的清洁效力最大化。 
本发明的另一方面，牙齿清洁元件沿头部的外围定位。在一个优选结构中，这些外围的清洁元件呈阶梯状和锥形以沿牙龈线清洁并且到达牙齿之间的邻间区域。 
本发明还属于在单个头部上不同类型的清洁元件的组合，不同种类的清洁元件配合以提供用于全面改善清洁牙齿的模式，包括对后面的牙齿、牙齿之间的邻间区域、沿着牙龈线、以及牙齿的舌头侧和面部侧的表面的有效清洁。 
附图说明
通过参考下列考虑到附图的说明，能够获得对本发明及其优点的更全面理解本，附图中同样的附图标记表示同样的特征，其中： 
图1为根据示例性实施例的一个或多个方面的牙刷的透视图； 
图2为图1的牙刷的头部部分的放大平面图； 
图3为图1的牙刷的头部部分的放大侧面图； 
图4为沿图2中的线4-4取得的头部部分的剖面图； 
图5为为清楚起见而单独地显示牙齿清洁元件排列的与图4相似的头部部分的局部剖面图； 
图6为清楚起见而单独地显示另一种牙齿清洁元件排列的与图4相似的头部部分的局部剖面图；以及 
图7为图1的牙刷的头部部分的末梢端视图。 
具体实施方式
图1-7举例说明了具有支撑部101和牙齿清洁元件200的牙刷100，支撑部101包括手柄103和头部105，牙齿清洁元件200用于清洁使用者牙齿。提供手 柄103让使用者容易握持并操纵牙刷100，且手柄103能够以多种不同的形状形成并带有多种结构。头部105是设置有牙齿清洁元件200的支撑部的末端部分。该牙齿清洁元件可通过任何已知的方式附接到头部105的基面109上。 
在一种优选的结构中，基面109设置有至少一组清洁元件209，它们共同限定了环形构型214来更好地将牙膏保持在牙齿清洁元件200之中且尤其是保持在该清洁元件与牙齿的接触区域之间。虽然该环形构型优选为圆形，但也可以是众多不同的闭合环的形式，包括但不限于椭圆，正方形和不规则形状。可以相信使用环形内的内凹壁表面能最佳地在牙齿上保持以及移动牙膏，尤其当牙刷基本上以所需的小圆运动而移动来刷牙的时候。不过，可以使用其它形状。环形可以仅仅限定大体上闭合的构型来保持牙膏。 
为了更好地保持牙膏，每个环形构型优选地通过由弹性体壁构件所组成的清洁元件而限定。虽然环形构型可以由紧密包装的、伸长的刷毛簇形成，但是这种排列较弹性体壁构件会引起牙膏的更多流失。而且，尽管该环形构型可以是完全闭合的结构，但它们优选地只是大体上闭合且每个环形结构由多个独立的柔软的清洁元件209a-d形成。通过这种方式，清洁元件通过元件209能够提供有限的、受控的牙膏流至外部清洁元件，并且维持足够的柔软性以提供给使用者更大的舒适度和更大改善的清洁。在该优选结构中，如图2所示，每个环形结构由四个弹性体壁构件209a-d所限定，每个弹性体壁构件限定了大致为四分之一圆的弧段。如上所述，相邻弧段间隔开以限定间隙212，该间隙212允许牙膏的受控向外流动和每个壁构件的独立可挠性。通过允许水涌过环形，该间隙也有助于对清洁元件209的清洁。然而，该间隙优选设置得小以限制牙膏的流失。虽然例举了四个段来限定每个环形，但也可使用其它数目的段。壁构件可由任何已知的用作牙齿清洁元件的弹性体材料形成。最后，尽管该弧段优选为独立的清洁元件，但是环形也可以形成为设置有限定间隙212的缝隙和独立柔软的清洁元件209a-d的单一构件。 
如从图2更好地显示，优选实施例包括三个环形214a-c，每个环形沿纵向轴线a-a由前至后设置。这样可保持涂到牙齿清洁元件上的大部分牙膏用于清洁使用者的牙齿。不过，也可使用一个、两个或三个以上的环形。而且，环形可被排列成其它模式，包括非线型排列或偏离轴a-a定位。 
在优选结构中，中心清洁元件207设置在每个环形214内部；然而当使用 更大的环形时，在每个环形内部可提供一个以上的中心清洁元件207。通过这种排列方式，在刷牙操作期间牙膏保持在清洁元件207的顶端附近以有效地清洁。在该优选结构中，在头部105的扫除或振荡运动期间，清洁元件209a-d的内表面的内凹特点将牙膏引导到清洁元件207a-c。 
为有效地清洁牙齿，每个中心清洁元件207优选由刷毛簇形成。不过，还可使用一个或多个弹性体构件来形成末梢清洁元件以代替或补充刷毛的用途。 
清洁元件203的刷毛以及下面将要讨论的其它毛簇的刷毛优选由尼龙构成，例如由Dupont销售的名为BRILLIANCE的尼龙材料制成。不过，也可使用其它材料。牙刷100的刷毛还优选具有圆形的横截面形状，但也可具有其它横截面。牙刷的圆刷毛可由Dupont销售的名为TYNEX的尼龙制成。圆刷毛的直径优选为0.007英寸至0.008英寸厚，或者具有取决于所需的刷毛清洁行为的其它厚度。牙齿清洁元件使用已知的口腔护理产品的制造方法来与牙刷相连接。 
参考图1和2，附加的清洁元件外环211a，211b设置在头部105的中心区域，关于中心环形214b的清洁元件209a-d呈基本上弧形排列。这些外部弧形清洁元件211a-b优选由两个对置的、在头部105的纵向轴线a-a的每侧上基本对称排列的弧形清洁元件所限定。如图2所示，外部清洁元件211a-b包围头部105的中心区域的环形清洁元件209a-d，以有效利用头部上的此空间。在一优选排列中，在中心区域的环形清洁元件209a-d一般集中地设置在外部清洁元件211a-b内部。流经环形214b侧面中的间隙212的牙膏将由外部清洁元件211使用。虽然外部弧形清洁元件211a，b优选由伸长的刷毛簇限定以有效地刷牙，但它们可由一个或多个弹性体构件形成以代替或补充刷毛的用途。 
图4-6为头部105的剖面图，其揭示了清洁元件207，209和211的优选高度特征。在该优选结构中，中心清洁元件207a和207c比形成环形214a，214c的清洁元件209短，以便于用环形214a，c上保持的牙膏来更好地清刷舌头侧和面部侧的牙齿表面。清洁元件207a，c的第一高度H1和清洁元件209的第二高度H2之间的差值优选地约为0.20至2.0mm，但可为其它变量。中心清洁元件207b比形成中心环形214b的清洁元件209高，以便于更好地清洁邻间区域以及清洁臼齿齿冠。清洁元件207b的第三高度H3和清洁元件209的第二高度H2之间的差值优选约为0.20至于2.0mm，但也可选用其它变量。虽然优选该结构来使嘴部不同表面的清洁最大化，但是也可按需选用清洁元件的高度的其它 变量值。例如，中心清洁元件207都可以具有彼此相同的且与环形清洁元件209相同的高度，或具有以不同的方式高于或低于环形清洁元件的高度。在另一实例中，中心清洁元件209在牙刷100的主要构型中可以具有高于环形清洁元件209的高度。 
头部105还包括在自由末端107的末梢清洁元件203a-b。在该优选结构中，一对相邻的末梢清洁元件203a，203b跨越纵向轴线a-a，尽管它们可由一个或两个以上清洁元件形成。末梢清洁元件203a-b从基面109伸出，高于其它牙齿清洁元件的顶端。每个刷毛簇203a-b的顶端共同限定最外面的清洁表面204，清洁表面204相对头部105的基面109呈一角度。作为实例，清洁表面204优选与基面109呈约为30度的角θ，但也可介于10-50度的范围。应认识到，也有可能是其它角度值。末梢清洁元件203a-b的清洁表面204的延伸和角度取向能更好地让使用者达到并更好地清洁在嘴部后部的牙齿。清洁元件203a-b还能用于探入牙齿之间的裂缝和臼齿的齿冠部分。最终从图7中可以看出，最外面的清洁表面204还优选为横向向下倾斜(以形成凸表面)以帮助从牙齿上去除碎屑。 
外围的清洁元件205a-c定位在自由末端107附近且沿着头部105的各侧边108。该些外围清洁元件205a-c优选由多个刷毛簇形成，基本上相对于纵向轴线a-a对称排列。清洁元件205a-c定位在末梢清洁元件203a-b的横向后侧。类似地，外围清洁元件215a-c也沿头部105的近端111附近的各侧边108关于轴a-a对称定位。该两组清洁元件205a-c，215a-c基本是彼此的镜像，但也可具有其它结构。末梢和近端的外围清洁元件205a-c，215a-c一般都设定成让使用者能够沿牙龈线以及在牙齿之间的裂缝中进行清洁。在该例解性实施例中，三个刷毛簇形成每一组外围清洁元件205a-c，215a-c。不过，在该些组中也可使用更多或更少的刷毛簇。而且，一个或多个弹性体元件可代替刷毛簇或与刷毛簇一起，用于形成外围清洁元件。 
如图3所示，外围清洁元件205a-c和215a-c的顶端从基面109伸出，高于内部清洁元件207，209，211的顶端。在一优选实施例中，两组外围清洁元件205，215沿头部105的各侧边108排列。外围清洁元件的每一组包括三个基本排成一列的刷毛簇，然而也可使用其它数目的毛簇。每一组外围清洁元件中的清洁元件205b，215b的中心毛簇比其它毛簇205a，205c，215a，215c从基面 109更向外延伸。该排列允许沿牙龈线的牙齿表面与清洁元件205b或215b之间更紧密的接合，同时用清洁元件205a，205c和215a，215c刺激牙龈。更进一步的，每个毛簇具有锥形末端206，216，以改善对邻间区域和沿牙龈线的清洁。 
近端清洁元件213a-b定位在头部105的近端111附近。优选一对刷毛簇跨越纵向轴线a-a，但一个或两个以上的清洁元件可以在头部的近端形成。这些近端清洁元件213a，b优选由刷毛簇限定，但也可包括或由一个或多个弹性体构件限定。 
虽然上述刷毛优选为0.007英寸至0.008英寸厚，但期望选用更细的刷毛以提供更舒适的感觉。例如，上述一些清洁元件可以由约为0.004英寸至0.005英寸厚的刷毛形成，该刷毛在商品交易中一般被认可作为“超软”刷毛，使用在用于具有敏感牙齿的消费者的牙刷上，但是毛簇例如203和213中所包括的其它刷毛应稍微粗一些(例如，约为0.006英寸厚)，以使这些刷毛簇上的过早磨损最小化。可选择地，大部分刷毛可为0.006英寸厚，与0.007至0.008英寸厚的传统刷毛相比，其仍被认为“软”。使用较细的刷毛的好处包括通过具有增强的穿透力的细刷毛顶端来进行更好的清洁，通过柔顺地附在牙龈和敏感牙齿上的刷毛来增强舒适感，以及使用非常软的刷毛来改善刷毛磨损。 
将细刷毛与弹性体清洁元件209结合使用能取得进一步的效果。鉴于细刷毛(例如205，211，215)的独立区域可能倾向于随着常态的刷牙过程而倒塌或“压倒”(mash down)，而弹性体清洁元件的使用将通过限制那些刷毛的穿透程度来避免刷毛的过度磨损。换言之，允许刷毛在刷的过程中大多数时间内笔直挺立，这并不是用非常软的毛刷的典型特征。因此，弹性体清洁元件用作止动件或障碍物，以阻挡该刷向下朝着使用者的牙齿，以及朝着使用者嘴部的后面而过分延伸。由于超软的刷毛提供对跨越牙齿的运动的最小阻力，因此存在一种危险即，使用者可能过分伸长刷牙的行程并推压牙刷的自由末端107与使用者嘴部或牙龈的后面部分相接触。因此，弹性体清洁元件与超软刷毛结合使用，会提供有所增加的必要的阻力以防止刷牙的行程过度伸长。 
为更进一步增进或真实地传达刷毛的柔软感，这样的刷毛可以是半透明(semi-transparent)或透明(translucent)的。透明刷毛和弹性体清洁元件209的相互作用会产生若干有趣的现象。首先，在本实施例中，弹性体清洁元件包围刷毛和被刷毛包围，以致于牙刷头部基于弹性体元件的色彩以及光在弹性体元 件和透明刷毛的内部和周围被保持，反射和折射的方式来显示彩色光。因此，埋入透明刷毛区域内的彩色弹性体(或类似物)发出光，进一步反映和显示软刷毛的灵敏性，并趋于比仅单一的固定色彩表现得更软。当透视观察时这种现象尤其趋于明显(例如图1)。 
然而，当牙刷从图3和4所示的侧面观察时，附加的可见光亮区变得明显了。首先，因为透明刷毛包围彩色弹性体构件，透过刷毛可以清楚见到弹性体构件的存在。因此，牙刷侧面的刷毛呈现出双色调的外观，即沿着刷毛长度的大部分较深，在刷毛顶端较浅(也就是图6中的H3-H4)，该外观是通过背景上的彩色弹性体构件之间的空间相互作用获得的，彩色弹性体构件透过前景上的透明刷毛部分显示它们的色彩和存在。第二，因为彩色弹性体构件比透明刷毛短(图4)，当从侧面观察牙刷时，刷毛顶端变为高亮显出，就像没有彩色构件在背景上使顶端的外观“变得阴暗”。因此，该“高亮的”刷毛顶端，趋于成为关注的焦点，也趋于成为展示和显现磨损的首选位置。因此，如上所述，该彩色构件和透明刷毛之间的相互作用，产生虚拟磨损指示，其中眼睛关注于高亮的顶端和刷毛首选很可能显示磨损的一个位置。这样一种磨损指示可避免需要亲自贴近体验刷毛来决定是否刷毛上有过度的磨损。 
通过将透明刷毛的末端修圆(end-rounding)来形成French Manicure型顶端，来产生类似的双色调刷毛外观，与显示“发亮的”其余透明刷毛相比，该刷毛显示“不透明”。通过改变刷毛上的末端修圆单元的穿透度，可以类似地改变不透明或发亮的外观的深度。无论如何，末端修圆和接下来的去除“光泽”也使得经末端修圆的表面受到稍多的研磨，能提供更好的清洁效果。 
此外，多个、大部分或绝大部分软刷毛的顶端可被锥形化以产生均匀的更纤细的刷毛顶端，其特征是与传统“灵敏”牙刷上的锥形化的刷毛的作用一致。这种锥形刷毛优选为在牙刷头部的外围周围延伸，其中接触首先在刷毛和齿龈组织之间产生。刷毛207也可按所希望的进行锥形化。 
该创造性的方面可被实践用于手动牙刷或电动牙刷。在操作中，前述特征，单独地和/或以任意组合，改善了牙刷的清洁效果。这些优点也可通过清洁元件和协同效应得到。虽然牙刷100的多种特征相互合作以取得前述优点，可知单个特征和这些特征的子组合可用于取得一些前述优点，而不必采用所有这些特征。在紧凑的头部空间，元件的此独特组合给予了额外的清洁效力。 
虽然已经通过特定的实施例，包括实现本发明的当前优选模式来阐述本发明，本领域的技术人员应该明白，上述系统和技术还可有多种变形和变换。因此，本发明的精神和范围应被认为与所附权利要求阐明的一样宽。 

Claims (16)

1.一种牙刷，包括：
头部和从头部延伸的手柄，该头部进一步包括：
中心刷毛簇具有多个厚度不大于0.006英寸的刷毛；以及
环形构型，其防止中心刷毛簇的多个刷毛在刷牙期间朝着使用者的牙齿过分延伸，其中环形构型由弹性体壁构件限定，该中心刷毛簇设置在该环形构型内；
其中中心刷毛簇从头部的表面延伸出第一高度，弹性体壁构件从头部的该表面延伸出第二高度，第一高度大于第二高度。
2.如权利要求1所述的牙刷，头部还包括纵向轴线，中心刷毛簇设置在该纵向轴线上。
3.如权利要求1所述的牙刷，其中中心刷毛簇的刷毛的厚度范围为0.005至0.006英寸厚。
4.如权利要求1所述的牙刷，其中头部还包括多个外围的牙齿清洁元件，该外围的牙齿清洁元件定位在头部的自由末端附近且沿着头部的各侧边，并且定位在头部的近端附近且沿着头部的各侧边，该外围的牙齿清洁元件关于头部的纵向轴线对称定位。
5.如权利要求4所述的牙刷，其中多个外围的牙齿清洁元件是具有锥形末端的刷毛簇。
6.如权利要求1所述的牙刷，其中头部还包括牙齿清洁元件的外环，该外环设置在头部的中心区域，并且部分地包围环形构型。
7.如权利要求4所述的牙刷，其中所述多个外围的牙齿清洁元件是半透明或透明的，且弹性体壁构件是不透明的。
8.如权利要求1所述的牙刷，进一步包括多个沿着头部的各侧面在头部的自由末端附近和在头部的近端附近定位的外围的牙齿清洁元件，该外围的牙齿清洁元件关于头部的纵向轴线对称定位，和在头部的自由末端附近定位的远端清洁元件、在头部的近端附近定位的近端清洁元件，远端清洁元件、近端清洁元件具有比外围的牙齿清洁元件更大的厚度。
9.如权利要求8所述的牙刷，其中所述多个外围的牙齿清洁元件具有不大于0.006英寸的厚度。
10.如权利要求9所述的牙刷，其中所述弹性体壁构件包括四个共同限定所述环形构型的弧段。
11.一种牙刷，包括：
头部和从头部处延伸的手柄；
该头部进一步包括具有双色调的外观的磨损指示，其展示多个透明或半透明的刷毛的磨损；
所述双色调的外观通过多个透明或半透明的刷毛与多个彩色的弹性体壁之间的相互作用而获得；
其中所述多个彩色的弹性体壁比多个透明或半透明的刷毛短，使得多个透明或半透明的刷毛具有变得高亮的顶端；
当从头部的侧面观察时，多个透明或半透明的刷毛具有该双色调的外观，其沿着刷毛长度的大部分较深，在刷毛顶端较浅。
12.如权利要求11所述的牙刷，其中多个彩色的弹性体壁是不透明的。
13.如权利要求11所述的牙刷，其中至少一些的所述多个透明或半透明的刷毛是锥形的。
14.如权利要求13所述的牙刷，其中头部还包括纵向轴线，锥形的透明或半透明的刷毛沿着头部的外围设置，多个彩色的弹性体壁形成沿着纵向轴线设置的多个环形，其中多个彩色的弹性体壁包围透明或半透明的刷毛，并且被透明或半透明的刷毛包围。
15.如权利要求11所述的牙刷，其中多个牙齿清洁元件具有0.005英寸至0.006英寸的厚度。
16.如权利要求11所述的牙刷，其中所述多个透明或半透明的刷毛的厚度不大于0.006英寸。
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