US1600340A - Shampoo composition - Google Patents

Description

Patented Sept. 21, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM HOFFMAN KOBBE, OF NEW YORK,I\T. Y., ASSIGNOR TO TEXAS GULF SUI- ]?HUR COMPANY, OF BAY CITY, TEXAS, A CORPORATION OF TEXAS.

SHAMPOO COMPOSITION.

No Drawing. Application filed April 3.

This invention relates to shampoo compositions and has for its object the provision of an improved shampoo composition.

Many oils are well known to possess certain advantages in the treatment of various skin diseases, and particularly diseases of the scalp. Oils which may be advantageously employed for this purpose are ol1ve oil, cocoanut oil, crude oil, tar oil, and pine oil, and other vegetable and animal oils.

The beneficial effect-s of sulfur alone when used in treating such diseases are also recognized. It is difficult, however, to apply sulfur to the scalp in an effective manner be cause in order to be really effective the sulfur should be so applied that it can be readily absorbed within the pores of the skin. The efficacy of ordinary sulfur is impaired by the reason that it is itself not readily absorbed or dissolved by the moisture of the skin; and there are few solvents of sulfur that are not objectionable either because they will not dissolve asufiicient amount of sulfur, or because they themselves have a detrimental effect upon the skin which more than ofisets the beneficial advantage of the sulfur. When, however, sulfur in colloidal condition is employed, it penetrates and is readily absorbed by the pores, and by the appropriate preparation of colloidal sulfur a means is afforded for readily increasing the sulfur content of the skin. By treating the scalp with colloidal sulfur it is possible to increase the penetration of the sulfur into the scalp by several thousand per cent as compared with the penetration of ordinary powdered sulfur.

I have discovered that an extremely effective shampoo composition can be made by mixing sulfur with an oil such as above referred to in such manner that the advantageous effects of colloidal sulfur and the inherent beneficial properties of the oil itself are preserved.

In preparing my improved shampoo composition, a quantity of refined and finely powdered sulfur is introduced into a quantity of oil, such, for example, as olive oil. These are Well mixed together and allowed to stand for approximately three hours. At ordinary temperatures somewhat over 2% by weight of sulfur is brought into solution in a stable condition with the oil, that is, into true solution therewith. The excess sulfur is then allowed to settle and the clear 1924. Serial No. 703,977.

liquidabove is decanted. Hereinafter this combination of sulfur in oil is referred to as a solution of sulfur in oil, or simply as the solution.

In employing the oil-sulfur solution as a shampoo composition, the hair is first well saturated with it. Then soap and water are added and the various constituents intimately mixed by rubbing in the usual manner so as to form a lather. This process emulsifies the constituents. Water, not being a solvent of sulfur acts as a diluentof the oil and so modifies its ability to hold the sulfur in solution that at least a portion of the sulfur is immediately precipitated as a very fine white colloid. I have found that the soap acts as a stabilizer, protector, or dispersing agent for the colloidal sulfur thus formed. Hence, the sulfur remains in colloidal condition while it is being distributed by the rubbing action throughout the whole mass of hair and in this condition penetrates the pores and the epidermis itself throughout every portion of the scalp. Under these conditions the sulfur is readily absorbed by the scalp. Moreover, the presence of the protective colloid in the form of soap gives sufiicient stability to the colloidal solution of the sulfur so that it is not readily removed by the subsequent washing of the scalp, but remains in the pores, not only for relatively long periods of time, but also in an ideal condition to make it physiologically effective.

In order to determine the action. of the soap as a stabilizer or protector for the colloidal sulfur, I emulsified 20 guns. of the sulfur-olive-oil solution above described in a hot solution of 2 guns. of castile soap in 100 gms. of water, and then examined under the ultramicroscope the warm fluid beneath the surface layer. Pure. olive oil was also examined in the same way. This comparison showed that the emulsified fluid containing sulfur was very much richer in ultramicrons than the pure olive oil, indicating that after the addition of the soap solution the sulfur is in true colloidal state. I believe that when the sulfurized oil is used in asoap shampoo, the sulfur is thrown out in the colloidal state, and should remain in this for immediate use without the separate addition of soap, I ma add to the 2% sulfuroil solution above escribed a quantity of soap, preferably in the form of tincture,

' ture of green soap, is added to the sulfur-oil solution, the sulfur is not precipitated from the solution in colloidal condition even after thorough shaking of the container. These two constituents have a tendency to separate from one another, and even after thorough shaking the sulfur-oil solution will tend to rise to the surface of the soap. Such a shampoo must be shaken thoroughly prior to its application to the scalp. It is entirely practical, however, by proper manipulation, to mix these constituents so as to form a shampoo composition having a creamy consistency throughout, but in which, however, the sulfur will still remain in solution in the oil. Such a consistency is to be preferred, as it is somewhat more convenient to use.

When the constituents of either of these complete compositions just mentioned are emulsified by the thorough and intimate mixing and rubbing process upon the scalp with water, however, the sulfur is precipitated in colloidal condition by the water and this condition is rendered stable by the presence of the soap. The sulfur is thus applied to the scalp in colloidal condition as before, and the same beneficial advantages to the scalp are to be found as with the plain sulfur-oil solution, with the added advantage that these forms of the improved shampoo composition are more convenient to use.

It was mentioned above that at ordinary temperatures oil, such as olive oil, will dissolve somewhat over 2% by weight of finely divided sulfur. Thus, at 15 C. I have found that 100 guns. of pure olive oil will dissolve approximately 2.2 gms. of sulfur. At higher temperatures, the oil will dissolve very much greater uantities of sulfur. For example, at 130 I have found that 100 gins. of pure olive oil will dissolve as much as 30 gms. of sulfur. At intermediate temperatures corresponding amounts of sulfur are soluble in the oil. However, when a saturated, or super-saturated solution is made in this manner, the excess sulfur reprecipitates in solid form when the solution is cooled. Nevertheless, if it is desired to treat the scalp with an excess amount of sulfur,

a warm saturated sulfur-oil solution may be employed to advantage whereby a relatively large amount of sulfur in colloidal condition may be applied to the scalp. The method of application in this instance is the same as above described except for the fact that the sulfur-oil shampoo is applied warm, say, for exanple, ata temperature of about 50 or In order to illustrate the method of carry ing out the invention, the following specific examples are given:

Example N0. 1.--To 500 gms. of pure olive oil at a temperature of 15 (3., a relatively large quantity (about 100 gms.) of pure refined and finely powdered sulfur are added The sulfur and oil are intimately mixed by mechanical stirring for about two minutes. After this, the mixture is allowed to stand for about three hours. At the end of this time the excess of sulfur will have settled to the bottom of the container leav' ing a clear or relatively clear sulfur-oil solution above it. This solution is then decanted and bottled ready for use.

Example N0. 2.To 100 cc. of the solution prepared as described in example No. 1, about 15 cc. of tincture of green soa containing 33% alcohol are added. ThlS constitutes a liquid shampoo com osition which is ready for immediate use wit out the addition of soap.

My invention brings about the formation of colloidal sulfur from a solution of sulfur at the time and place of use of the improved composition as a shampoo, the reason for this procedure being that sulfur in the colloidal state is unstable, and it is diflicult to maintain it in this state without the use of protective colloids that are unfitted to use on the scalp and which furthermore are uncertain in their stabilizing properties.

I claim 1. A liquid shampoo composition comprising a solution of sulfur in oil and a suflicient amount of soap to assist the emulsification of the oil and precipitation of sulfur 'in colloidal condition upon the addition of water thereto.

2. A liquid shampoo composition comprising oil, sulfur, and soap.

8. A liquid shampoo composition comprising oil havingapproximately 2% by weight of sulfur dissolved therein, and containing soap.

4. A liquid shampoo composition comprising oil containing approximately 2% by weight of sulfur in solution therein, and from 10 to 50% by volume of tincture of soap.

5. A liquid shampoo composition comprising olive oil containing approximately 2% by weight of sulfur in solution therein, and from 10 to 50% by volume of tincture of green soap.

6. A liquid shampoo composition comprising a true solution of sulfur in oil and adapted when rubbed into the scalp in the presence of water to precipitate said sulfur in colloidal form.

7. A liquid shampoo composition comprising a true solution of sulfur in olive oil and adapted when rubbed into the scalp in the presence of water to precipitate said sulfur in colloidal form.

8. A liquid shampoo composition compris-