US20040175439A1 - Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors - Google Patents

Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20040175439A1
US20040175439A1 US10/469,402 US46940204A US2004175439A1 US 20040175439 A1 US20040175439 A1 US 20040175439A1 US 46940204 A US46940204 A US 46940204A US 2004175439 A1 US2004175439 A1 US 2004175439A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
family
extract
plant
extracts
officinalis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/469,402
Inventor
Benoit Cyr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biopharmacopae Design International Inc
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to BIOPHARMACOPAE DESIGN INTERNATIONAL INC. reassignment BIOPHARMACOPAE DESIGN INTERNATIONAL INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CYR, BENOIT
Publication of US20040175439A1 publication Critical patent/US20040175439A1/en
Priority to US11/878,978 priority Critical patent/US20090068291A1/en
Priority to US12/871,097 priority patent/US20110217753A1/en
Priority to US13/782,272 priority patent/US20130316432A1/en
Priority to US14/220,432 priority patent/US9364508B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9755Gymnosperms [Coniferophyta]
    • A61K8/9761Cupressaceae [Cypress family], e.g. juniper or cypress
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/70Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family), e.g. spineflower or dock
    • A61K36/704Polygonum, e.g. knotweed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9755Gymnosperms [Coniferophyta]
    • A61K8/9767Pinaceae [Pine family], e.g. pine or cedar
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9783Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
    • A61K8/9789Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9783Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
    • A61K8/9794Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/08Anti-ageing preparations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/99Enzyme inactivation by chemical treatment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/74Biological properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/78Enzyme modulators, e.g. Enzyme agonists
    • A61K2800/782Enzyme inhibitors; Enzyme antagonists

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to the field of protease inhibitors, specifically inhibitors of extracellular proteases.
  • the cells of tissues are generally in contact with a network of large extracellular macromolecules that occupies the spaces in a tissue between the component cells and also occupies the space between adjacent tissues.
  • This extracellular matrix functions as a scaffolding on which the cells and tissue are supported and is involved actively in regulating interaction of the cells that contact it.
  • the principal macromolecules of the extracellular matrix include the collagens (the most abundant proteins in the body) and glycosaminoglycans (complex polysaccharides which are usually bonded also to protein and then termed proteoglycans).
  • the macromolecules that comprise the extracellular matrix are produced typically by the cells in contact therewith, for example, epithelial cells in contact with a basement membrane and fibroblasts embedded in connective tissue.
  • glycosaminoglycan proteoglycan molecules form a highly hydrated matrix (a gel) in which elastic or fibrous proteins (such as collagen fibers) are embedded.
  • a gel in which elastic or fibrous proteins (such as collagen fibers) are embedded.
  • the aqueous nature of the gel permits diffusion of metabolically required substances between the cells of a tissue and between tissues. Additional proteins that may be found in extracellular matrix include elastin, fibronectin and laminin.
  • connective tissue refers to extracellular matrix plus specialised cells such as, for example, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, macrophages and mast cells found therein.
  • interstitial tissue is best reserved for an extracellular matrix that stabilizes a tissue internally, filling the gaps between the cells thereof.
  • extracellular matrix connective tissue
  • connective tissue There are also specialized forms of extracellular matrix (connective tissue) that have additional functional roles—cornea, cartilage and tendon, and when calcified, the bones and teeth.
  • basal lamina (basement membrane).
  • Basal laminae are thin zones of extracellular matrix that are found under epithelium or surrounding, for example, muscle cells or the cells that electrically insulate nerve fibres.
  • basal laminae separate cell layers from underlying zones of connective tissue or serve as a boundary between two cell layers wherein a basal lamina can serve as a pathway for invading cells associated with pathologic processes, or for structural organisation associated with tissue repair (i.e. as a blueprint from which to regenerate original tissue architecture and morphology).
  • proteolytic enzymes that are secreted locally by cells.
  • proteases belong to one of four general classes: many are metalloproteinases, which depend on bound Ca 2+ or Zn 2+ for activity, while the others are serine, aspartic and cysteine proteases, which have a highly reactive serine, aspartate or cysteine residue in their respective active site (Vincenti et al., (1994) Arthritis and Rheumatism , 37: 1115-1126).
  • metalloproteinases, serine, aspartate and cysteine proteases cooperate to degrade matrix proteins such as collagen, laminin, and fibronectin.
  • proteases are secreted as inactive precursors that can be activated locally.
  • the action of proteases is confined to specific areas by various secreted protease inhibitors, such as the tissue inhibitors of metaloproteases and the serine protease inhibitors known as serpins. These inhibitors are specific for particular proteases and bind tightly to the activated enzyme to block its activity.
  • many cells have receptors on their surface that bind proteases, thereby confining the enzyme to where it is needed.
  • thermolysin (neutral) proteases and the serralysin (alkaline) proteases.
  • stressors include drought, heat, water and mechanical wounding.
  • many chemicals can act as stressors that activate gene expression; these include: hydrogen peroxide, ozone, sodium chloride, jasmonic acid and derivatives, ⁇ -linoleic acid, ⁇ -linoleic acid, salicylic acid, abscesic acid, volicitin, small oligopeptides, among others.
  • FIG. 1 presents an overview of one standard procedure that is followed in order to generate the extracts of the invention each of which is derived from the solid plant material.
  • Solvent A, B and C generally represent separate classes of solvents, for example, aqueous, alcoholic and organic. They are generally applied in a polar to non-polar order. They can be applied in a non-polar to polar order, however, in each case the solid matter must be dried prior to contacting the solid matter with the subsequent solvent.
  • FIG. 2 describes in further detail, one standard procedure that is followed in order to generate the extracts of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 presents an overview of one example of a commercial procedure that could be followed to prepare extracts of the invention.
  • Table 1 reports the inhibition of human MMP-1 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 2 reports the inhibition of human MM-2 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 3 reports the inhibition of human MMP-3 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 4 reports the inhibition of human MMP-9 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 5 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin B by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 6 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin D by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 7 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin G by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 8 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin L by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 9 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin K by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 10 reports the inhibition of HLE by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 11 reports the inhibition of bacteria Clostripain by aqueous (A), ethanolic CR) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • Table 12 reports the inhibition of bacteria subtilisin by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources.
  • the invention provides n extract from a plant, which inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases, wherein the extract has been prepared by the steps of harvesting plant material, treating plant material with a solvent, separating the resulting extract from the solid material. testing an aliquot of the extract against a panel of extracellular proteases, and retaining the extract if it inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases an extract.
  • the invention provides a library of extracts from plants wherein each extract inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases.
  • the invention provides a library of plant extracts formed by a process comprising: contacting plant material with either an aqueous, ethanolic, or an organic solvent; isolating an extract from said plant material; analysing said extract for the presence of one or more inhibitory activities against an extracellular protease; and collected together, so as to form a library of plant extracts wherein each extract inhibits one or more extracellular proteases.
  • the invention provides an extract from a plant, which inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases, wherein said plant has been stressed prior to generating the extract.
  • the invention provides a library of extracts derived from plants wherein each extract inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases and wherein said plants have been stressed prior to generating the extract.
  • an extracellular protease inhibitor derived from a plant comprising the steps of: contacting plant material with either an aqueous, ethanolic, or an organic solvent; isolating an extract from said plant material; analysing said extract for the presence of one or more inhibitory activities against a panel of extracellular proteases; further purifying a compound from said extract if said extract demonstrates the inhibition of one or more extracellular proteases greater than about 20%.
  • the invention provides a method for increasing the levels of extracellular protease inhibitors in plants comprising the step of stressing the plant prior to forming a plant extract.
  • the invention provides for the use of such extracts during protein purification to minimize the degradation due to extracellular proteases.
  • Extracellular protease means enzymes which degrade proteins (proteases) secreted outside the cell. Included MMPs, cathepsins, elastase, plasmin, TPA, uPA, kallikrein, ADAMS family members, neprilysin, gingipain, clostripain, thermolysin, serralysin,and other bacterial and viral enzymes.
  • Extract of the invention means an a composition prepared by contacting a solvent with plant material, produced following the procedures of the invention, which demonstrates inhibitory activity against one or more extracellular proteases.
  • an extract of the invention demonstrates inhibitory activity against two or more extracellular proteases.
  • an extract of the invention demonstrates inhibitory activity against three or more extracellular proteases.
  • an extract of the invention demonstrates inhibitory activity against four or more extracellular proteases.
  • the solvent may be evaporated leaving a solid embodiment of the extract.
  • the inhibitory activity is greater than about 20% when measured according to one of the assays as described herein.
  • a panel of extracellular proteases can be used to test the inhibitory activity of the extract.
  • “Panel of Extracellular Proteases” means the array of distinct extracellular proteases that are used to perform routine assays to monitor the presence or absence of inhibitory activity throughout the extraction process of the invention.
  • inhibitory activity against one or more extracellular proteases is monitored; in one embodiment, inhibitory activity against two or more extracellular proteases is monitored; in one embodiment inhibitory activity against three or more extracellular proteases is monitored; in one embodiment inhibitor activity against four or more extracellular proteases is monitored; in one embodiment inhibitory activity against five or more extracellular proteases is monitored.
  • One skilled in the art would appreciate that as high throughput screening techniques develop, one could routinely assay the fractions of the extractswith as many extracellular proteases as the technology permits. In general, the more enzymes that can be routinely tested the more information that can be generated during this process that will be useful for defining extracts useful to inhibit extracellular proteases.
  • “Potential plants” includes all species of the Kingdom Plantae, including plants under the Division Chlorophyta, Division Rhodophora, Division Paeophyta, Division Bryophyta and Division Tracheophyta; Subdivision Lycopsida, Subdivision Sphenopsida, Subdivision Pteropsida and Subdivision Spermopsida; Class Gymnospermae, Class Angiospermae, Subclass Dicotyledonidae and Subclass Monocotyledonidae. In general terms, all plants, herbs, and lower plants such as fungi and algae.
  • Potential plants are those plants that can be subjected to the methodology of the invention in order to generate an extract which.can then be tested against a panel of extracellular proteases. Those plants which yield an extract demonstrating inhibitory activity against an extracellular protease are considered to be plants and extracts comprising the subject matter of the invention.
  • Potential Pre-Extract means an extract which has not yet been determined to posess inhibitory activity against one or more extracellular proteases.
  • Plant material means any part of a plant taken indivudually or in group, could include but not restricted to leafs, flowers, roots, seeds, stems, and other part of a plant, wherein a plant may be terrestrial, aquatic or other.
  • proteease inhibitor refers to any compound that attenuates the proteolytic activity of proteases. “Protease inhibitor” may or may not be proteinaceous.
  • “Stressor” as used herein, refers to any physical stress, chemical compound, or a biological agent used to elicit production of extricellular protease inhibitors as a result of activation of a defence response in a plant. Elicitors and inducers are also considered to be stressors.
  • Any material of a plant may be contacted with a stressor, elicitor, or inducer, which is a chemical compound, for example organic aand inorganic acids, fatty acids, glycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, orgnaic solvents, amino acids,a nd peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and lipopllysaccharides, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenes and terpenoids, antibiotics, detergents, polyamines, peroxides, ionophores, etc., or subjected to a physical treatment, such as ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperature stress, osmotic stress induced by salt or sugars, nutritional stress defined as depriving the plant of essential nutrients (N, P, or K), in order to induce or elicit increased production of one or more chemicals.
  • a stressor, elicitor, or inducer which is a chemical compound, for example organic aand inorganic
  • Such chemical compound or physical treatment may be applied continuously or intermittently to the plant or plant parl
  • such treatment may be accomplished by contacting the plant material with a solution containing the elicitor or by irradiating the plant material or exposing the plant material to other environmental stresses such as temperature stresses.
  • substantially purified or “substantially pure” or “isolated,” when used in reference to a molecule having protease inhibitor activity, means that the molecule is in a form that is relatively free of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates or other materials with which it is naturally associated in a planl As disclosed herein, a plant extract of the invention is considered to be substantially purified.
  • the molecules having protease inhibitor activity can be further purified using routine and well known methods as provided herein.
  • a substantially pure protease inhibitor of the invention can constitute at least about one or a few percent of a sample, for example, at least about five percent of a sample, generally at least about twenty percent of a sample, and can be further purified to constitute at least about fifty percent of a sample, generally at least about eighty percent of a sample, and particularly about ninety percent or ninety-five percent or more of a sample.
  • a determination that a protease inhibitor of the invention is substantially pure can be made using methods as disclosed herein or otherwise known in the art, for example, by performing electrophoresis and identifying the particular molecule as a relatively discrete band.
  • the subject invention involves extracts from the tissues of plant species which provide inhibitory activity against extracellular proteases.
  • the present invention relates to the use of plants to produce extracts or semi-purifiedlpurified compounds, compositions and formulations demonstrating an inhibitory activity against one or more proteases involved in the proteolytic degradation of human extracellular matrix.
  • these extracts with inhibitory activity can be used during protein purification to minimize the degradation due to extracellular proteases.
  • the process for producing an extract of the invention begins with choosing a plant species. Then a pre-harvest treatment is selected, wherein either treatment with water, or water in addition to any combination of a stress, wherein the stress can be applied separately from the water (if the stress is drought, then the water would not be provided for the period in which the plant is to be stressed); followed by choosing whether the treated plant will be treated for storage and stored prior to contacting plant material with the first solvent.
  • the plant material is treated with the first solvent and then the liquid is separated from the solid material (solid S2), wherein the liquid becomes Fraction F1 or Pre-Extract A.
  • the solid S2 is treated with the second solvent and then the liquid is separated from the solid material (Solid S3), wherein the liquic becomes Fraction F2 or Pre-Extract B.
  • the solid S3 is treated with the third solvent and then the liquid is separated from the solid material (Solid S4).
  • plants that may be employed in the invention comprise: Abelmoschus esculentus; Abies balsamea; Abies lasiocarpa; Achillea millefolium; Achillea tomentosa; Aconitum napellus ; Aconitum spp.; Acorus calamus; Actaea racemosa; Actinidia arguta; Actinidia chinensis; Adiantum pedatum; Adiantum tenerum; Aesculus hippocastanum; Aframomum melegueta; Agaricus bisporus; Agastache foeniculum; Ageratum conyzoides; Agrimonia eupatoria; Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron repens; Agrostis alba; Agrostis stolonifera; Alcea rosea; Alchemilla mollis; Alkanna tinctoria; Allium ampeloprasum; Allium ce
  • Cichorium intybus Cinnamomum verum; Cirsium arvense; Cissus discolor; Citrullus colocynthis; Citrullus lanatus; Citrus limettoides; Citrus limon; Citrus reticulata; Citrus sinensis; Citrus ⁇ paradisi; Clematis armandii; Clematis chiisanensis; Coccoloba caracasana; Cocos nucifera; Coix lacryma - jobi ; Colocasia spp.; Convallaria majalis; Conyza canadensis; Corchorus olitorius; Coriandrum sativum; Cornus canadensis; Cornus mas; Cosmos sulphureus; Cotinus coggygria; Crataegus sanguinea ; Crataegus spp.; Crataegus submollis; Crithmum maritimum; Cryptotaenia canadens
  • Solidago virgaurea Solidago ⁇ hybrida; Sonchus oleraceus; Sorghum bicolor; Sorghum ⁇ drummondii; Spinacia oleracea; Stachys affinis; Stachys byzantina; Stachys macrantha; Stellaria graminea; Stellaria media; Stipa capillata; Symphytum officinale; Tamarindus indica; Tanacetum balsamita; Tanacetum balsamita subsp.
  • balsamita Tanacetum cinerariifolium; Tanacetum parthenium; Tanacetum vulgare; Taraxacum officinale; Tetradenia riparia; Teucrium chamaedrys; Thalictrum aquilegiifolium; Thlaspi arvense; Thuja occidentalis; Thymus fragantissimus; Thymus herba - barona; Thymus praecox subsp.
  • any plant may be employed in the method as a potential plant.
  • plants belonging to the following classifications may optionally be employed in order to prepare an extract of the invention when such extracts are demonstrated to posess inhibitory activities against extracellular proteases:
  • Superdivisionspermatophyta Seed plants Division Coniferophyta—Conifers Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Family Araucariaceae—Araucaria family Family Cephalotaxaceae—Plum Yew family Family Cupressaceae—Cypress family Family Pinaceae—Pine family Family Podocarpaceae—Podocarpus family Family Taxodiaceae—Redwood family Order Taxales Family Taxaceae—Yew family Division Cycadophyta—Cycads Class Cycadopsida Order Cycadales Family Cycadaceae—Cycad family Family Zamiaceae—Sago-palm family Division Ginkgophyta—Ginkgo Class Ginkgoop
  • potential plants comprise: Atropa Belladonna, Erythrinia glabeliferus, Ipomea tricolor, Erythrinia crista, Celosia cristata, Gallium sporiurn, Laurus nobilis, Vitis labrissa, Gratiola officinalis, Symphitium officinalis, Hosta fortuna, Casia hebecarpa, Thalictum flavum, Scutellarian altissima, Portulaca oleacea, Scutellaria certicola, Physalis creticola, Geum fanieri, Gentiana tibetica, Linium hirsutum, Aconitum napellus, Podophyllum amodii Thymus cretaceus, Hosta fortunaea, Carlina acaulis, Chamaechrista fasciculata, Pinus pinea, Pegamun hamalis, Tamarindus india, Car
  • plants and/or potential plants of the invention comprise the plants that are indigenous to arid regions, for example, those located between 35° north latitude and 35° south latitude.
  • potential extracts and extracts of the invention can be obtained from from plants selected from the group comprising: the agave, Agavaceae, family including such members as: Yucca elata, Y. breviflora, Agave deserti, A.
  • chrysantha Dasylirion wheeleri ; the buckwheat, Polygonaceae, family, such as Eriogonum fasciculatum ; the crowfoot, Ranunculaceae, family, such as Delphinium scaposum, Anemone tuberosa and D. parishii ; the poppy, Papaveraceae, family, including Platystemon caiifomicus, Argemone pleiacantha, Corydalis aurea, Eschschoizia californica and Ar.
  • corymbosa members of the mustard, Cruciferae, family, such as Dithyrea californica, Sireptanthus carinatus and Lesquerella gordoni ; members of the legume, Leguminosae, family, such as Acacia greggii, Prosopis velutina, A. constrica, Senna covesii, Cercidium floridum, C.
  • microphyllum Lotus huminstratus, Krameria parvifolia, Parkinsonia aculeata, Calliendia eriophylla, Lupinus arizonicus, Olyneya tesota, Astragalus lentiginosus, Psorothamunus spinosus and Lupinus sparsiflorus; members of the loasa family, Loasaceae, including Mentzelia involucrata, M. pumila and Mohavea Confertiflora ; members of the cactus, Cactaceae, family, such as Camegiea gigantia, Opuntia leptocaulis, Ferocactus wislizenii, O. bigelovii, O.
  • members of the milkweed Asclepiadaceae, family, including Asclepias erosa, A. sublata and Sarcostemma cynanchoides ; members of the borage, Boraginaceae, family, such as Cryptantha augusti folia and Amsinckia intermedia ; members of the sunflower, Compositae, family, including Baccharis sarothroides, Monoptiilon belloides, Erieron divergens, Zinnia acerosa, Melampodium leucanthan, Chaenactis fremontii, Calycoseris wrightii, Malacothrix californica, Helianthus annus, H.
  • denudatus and Sphaeralcea ambigua members of the phlox, Polemoniaceae, family, such as Luanthus aureus ; members of the unicom plant, Martyniaceae, family, such as Proboscidiea altheaefolia ; members of the gourd, Cucurbitaceae, family, such as Cucurbita digitata ; members of the lily, Lilaceae, family, including Calochortus kennedyi, Dichelostemma pulchellum, Allium macropetalum and Hesperocallis indulata ; members of the ocotillo, Fouquieriaceae, family, including Fouquieria splendens ; members of the figwort, Scrophulariaceae, family, such as Castilleja sp., Penstemon parryi and Orthocarpus purpurascens ; members of the acanthus, Acanthaceae, family, including An
  • members of the bignonia, Bignoniaceae, family, such as Chilopsis linearis members of the vervain, Verbenaceae, family, including Glandularia gooddugii and Verbena neomexicana ; members of the mint, Labiatae, family, such as Hyptis emoryi and Salvia columbariae ; members of the broomrape, Orobanchaceae, family, such as Orobanche cooperi ; members of the portulaca, Portulaceae, family, such as Talinum auriantiacum ; members of the carpet-weed, Aizoaceae, family, such as Sesuvium verrucosum ; members of the flax, Linaceae, family, such as Linum lewisii ; members of the potato, Solanaceae, family, including Nicotiana trigonophylla and Physalis lobata ; and members of the cochlospermum, Co
  • a pre-harvest treatment is selected, wherein the treatment can be water or water in combination with a stressor, elicitor, or inducor.
  • a stressor elicitor
  • the treatment can be water or water in combination with a stressor, elicitor, or inducor.
  • this invention relates to altering the amount and/or composition of extracellular protease inhibitory activity by stressing a plant by chemical elicitors which act as stressor agent and activated defence plants pathways as mechanical wounding, drought, heat, or cold before tissue collection and extraction.
  • stress involves exposing plants to a solution of one or more chemical elicitors to induce defense metabolic pathways and secondary metabolites prior to collection of plant tissues.
  • chemical elicitors reported in the literature include ozone, hydrogen peroxide, jasmonic acid and its derivatives, arachidonic acid, salicylic acid and ester derivatives, alpha—and gamma-linoleic acids, volicitin, peptides, oligopeptides, saccharides, oligosaccharides such as chitosan, and synthetic chemicals such as Benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole-7-carbathioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH).
  • a stressor may be one or more organic compounds.
  • Some exemplary compounds that may be used as a stressor include Jasmonic acid, Jamonic acid lower alkyl esters, ⁇ -linoleic acid, ⁇ -linoleic acid lower alkyl esters, ⁇ -linoleic acid, ⁇ -linoleic acid lower alkyl esters, Arachidonic acid, Arachidonic acid lower alkyl esters, salicylic acid.
  • a stressor may be able to induce abiotic stresses in plants.
  • plants can be treated with one or more chemical or mechanical stresses prior to tissue collection.
  • Mechanical stress can be performed twelve hours to ten days prior to tissue collection. In one embodiment, mechanical stress can be performed one day to three days prior to tissue collection. In one embodiment, mechanical stress can be performed three to six days prior to tissue collection. In one embodiment, mechanical stress can be performed four to eight days prior to tissue collection. In one embodiment, mechanical stress can be performed six to ten days prior to tissue collection.
  • Chemical stress can be induced by spraying plant material once or more than once with an aqueous or alcoholic solution of the chemical elicitor one hour to 10 days prior to tissue collection.
  • chemical stress can be induced one day to three days prior to harvesting the plant tissue; in one embodiment, chemical stress can be induced two to four days prior to harvesting the plant tissue; in one embodiment, chemical stress can be induced five to ten days prior to harvesting the plant tissue.
  • a chemical stress can be added by feeding a plant with an aqueous or alcoholic solution of the chemical.
  • the plants can be stressed by airborne transport of the chemical agents one hour to ten days prior tissue collection.
  • plants can be treated by spray one day before collection.
  • such chemical stress can be induced one hour to three days prior to harvesting the plant tissue; in one embodiment, such chemical stress can be induced two to eight days prior to harvesting the plant tissue; in one embodiment, such chemical stress can be induced five to ten days prior to harvesting the plant tissue.
  • any combination of the above-mentioned stressors and treatment regiemes can be employed to induce the production or enhanced production of one or more extracellular proteases.
  • One skilled in the art would be able to determine from the results of the assay against the panel of extracellular proteases whether it is desirable to follow one or more of the stressor regiemes.
  • the plant material may be used immediately after pre-harvest treatment, or it may be desirable to store the plant material for a period of time, prior to performing the extraction procedure(s).
  • the plant material could be treated prior to storage.
  • the treatment could include drying, freezing, lyophilisizing, or some combination thereof.
  • the plant material may be stored for an extended period of time, prior to contacting the plant material with the first solvent.
  • the plant material is stored less than one week.
  • the plant material is stored from one week to one month.
  • the plant material is stored from one month to six months.
  • the plant material is stored from four months to one year.
  • the plant material is stored longer than one year.
  • Solvent A, B and C generally represent separate classes of solvents, for example, aqueous, alcoholic and organic. They are generally applied in a polar to non-polar order. They can be applied in a non-polar to polar order, however, in each case the solid matter must be dried prior to contacting the solid matter with the subsequent solvent.
  • the liquid is then separated from the solid (insoluble) matter by a process known to those skilled in the art, to generate two fractions: the liquid fraction which is a potential pre-extract and a solid fraction.
  • liquid is used to denote a distinction from the solid, insoluble matter.
  • a liquid which may be converted to a gas or function in a gaseous form, as in the case with steam, for example can serve as a solvent.
  • other non-solid solvents may be used such as highly viscous liquids or other gaseous solvents, some of which can then be converted into a liquid phase.
  • a liquid solvent may also indicate a composition or a mixture of solvents.
  • Common examples include a buffered aqueous solution, such as a TRIS-HCl buffer, or an ethanol/methanol combination.
  • selected parts of a plant can be crushed either mechanically, using a grinder or any device to break plant parts into small particles, or by freezing them in liquid nitrogen.
  • plant particles can be extracted with an aqueous TRIS-HCl buffer at pH 6-8, in one embodiment pH 7, from 30 minutes to 8 hours, in one embodiment 30 min to 2 hours, at a temperature between 4 to 50° C., in one embodiment 4 to 25° C.; in one embodiment, 4-10° C. In one embodiment, extraction can be performed at 4° C. for 30 minutes.
  • the solid material can be separated from the solvent by centrifugation, filtration or any other means known to those of skill in the art to separate solids from a solution, to yield aqueous, alcoholic or organic extract, a potential pre-extract.
  • These potential pre-extracts can be tested directly by a panel of extracellular proteases for the ability to inhibit extracellular protease activity, and/or subjected to further separation procedures to generate a potential extract as described below.
  • the remaining solid can be contacted with a second solvent, such as an alcoholic solvent and a cosolvent, methanol or water
  • a second solvent such as an alcoholic solvent and a cosolvent, methanol or water
  • ethanol is used as alcoholic solvent, wherein the range of ethanol:methanol, ranges from 50:50 to 85:15, and 10 minute to one hour, in one embodiment 15 to 30 minute extraction time, at a temperature range of 4 to 25° C. in one embodiment, 4 to 10° C. in one embodiment, and 4° C. in another embodiment.
  • Adequate contact of the solvent with the plant material can be encouraged by shaking the solid suspension for 15 min to 24 hour at a temperature ranging from 4 to 50° C.
  • the alcoholic extract is recovered and separated from the solids by centrifugation (the material which is insoluble in alcohol is used for organic extraction(s)).
  • the potential pre-extract can be dried using a lyophilizer, a speed vac, a rotary evaporator, or a vacuum pump and dried under vacuum in order to remove the solvent.
  • the dried extract can be dissolved in Tis-HCl buffer wherin the pH is between pH 6 to pH 8, in one embodiment and at pH 7 in one embodiment, and assayed against the panel of extracellular proteases for its bioactivity or, as in the case of the aqueous extract, the alcoholic extract can be treated to obtain purified extracts, as described below.
  • the organic extract can be obtained by shaking the residual solid for one to twenty-four hours in one embodiment, for one to fifteen hours in one embodiment, one to eight in one embodiment, one to four in one embodiment, with an organic solvent such as diethylether, hexane, dichloromethane, or ethylacetate.
  • the solid can be separated by centrifugation or by filtration (regular or suction) and the organic solvent removed by distillation or by using a rotating evaporator.
  • the organic extract can be dissolved in an aqueous buffer, or a mixture of an aqueous buffer and a suitable solvent (such as dimethylsulfoxide), to evaluate its bioactivity.
  • the organic extracts are prepared using dichloromethane as the solvent of extraction, and the extraction is performed at room temperature for 2 hours.
  • zymography Another widely-used technique is the zymography assay.
  • MMP, elastase and cathepsins activity is detected by the presence of negatively-stained bands following electrophoresis in substrate-impregnated SDS polyacrylamide gels.
  • the zymography assay is a sensitive and quantitative method for the detection of various MMPs, elastase, cathepsins and TACE in biological samples; nonetheless, it is labour intensive and has a low dynamic range.
  • Zymography moreover, is not suitable to measure the intrinsic net activity in biological samples: SDS dissociates MMP-TIMP complexes and activates latent enzyme forms. This is particularly important since matrix degradation ultimately depends on the ratio of free active gelatinase to latent proenzyme or TIMP-complexed forms.
  • a microtitreplate assay has been developed recently (Pacmen et al., (1996) Biochem. Pharm . 52: 105-111). This assay provides measurement of net biological enzymatic activity of MMP, does not require a radioisotope safety environment, and could be used efficiently for routine measurement of inhibitory activity of MMP; however, it is not likely to be highly efficient as a diagnostic test since the incubation times are long and the sensitivity is much lower than that obtained by standard zymography and radio-labelled substrate assays.
  • Fluorescence polarization assays were based on the principle that when fluorescent molecules are excited with plane polarized light, they will emit light in the same polarized plane provided that the molecule remains stationary throughout the excited state. However, if the excited molecule rotates or tumbles during the excited state, then light is emitted in a plane different from the excitation plane. If vertically polarized light is used to excite the fluorophore, the emission light intensity can be monitored in both the original vertical plane and also the horizontal plane. The degree to which the emission intensity moves from the vertical to horizontal plane is related to the mobility of the fluorescently labeled molecule.
  • fluorescently labeled molecules are very large, they move very little during the excited state interval, and the emitted light remains highly polarized with respect to the excitation plane. If fluorescently labeled molecules are small, they rotate or tumble faster, and the resulting emitted light is depolarized relative to the excitation plane. Therefore, FP can be used to follow any biochemical reaction which results in a change in molecular size of a fluorescently labeled molecule (e.g. protein-DNA interactions; immunoassays; receptor-ligand interactions; degradation reactions). (Adapted from Bolger R, Checovich W. (1994) Biotechniques 17(3):585-9.).
  • Another method uses the fluorescent activated substrate conversion (FASC) assay described in Canadian Patent No. 2,189,486 (1996) and in St-Pierre et al., (1996) Cytometry 25: 374-380.
  • FSC fluorescent activated substrate conversion
  • Extracts of the invention can be prepared on a commercial scale by repeating the extraction process that results in an optimal composition of extracts demonstrating an inhibitory activity of interest. As demonstrated in FIG. 3, one would simply scale-up the procedure and include steps of quality control to ensure reproducible results for the resulting extracts.
  • the present invention also includes compounds, chemicals, active principles, and purified or concentrated extracts that could be obtained by purification, partial purification, and/or fractionation of plant extracts that are subject of the invention.
  • Purification, partial purification, and/or fractionation can be achieved by any methods known by those skilled in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to: solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE), membrane and ultrafiltration, dialysis, chromatography, selective precipitation, electrophoresis, and solvent concentration.
  • Solid-liquid extraction means include the use of all possible solvents known from those in the art, and covers the use of supercritical solvents, soxhlet extractors, vortex shaker, ultrasounds and any other means to enhance extraction, as well as recovery by filtration, centrifugation and any related methods as described in the literature (R. J. P. Cannell, Natural Products Isolation, Humana Press, 1998).
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, hydrocarbon, chlorinated solvents, organic esters, organic ethers, alcohols, water, and mixtures thereof.
  • the invention also covers the use of modifiers as described in V. H. Bright, M. Eé Pé McNally, Supercritical Fluid Technology, ACS Symp. Ser. Vol. 488, ch. 22,1999.
  • Liquid-liquid extraction means include the use of any mixture of solvents known from those in the art, including solvents under supercritical conditions. Typical solvents include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon, chlorinated solvents, organic esters, organic ethers, alcohols, water, and all possible aqueous solutions.
  • the liquid-liquid extraction can be effected manually, semi-automated or completely automated, and the solvent can be removed or concentrated by any usual techniques known from those in the art (S. Ahuja, Handbook of Bioseparations, Academic Press, 2000).
  • Solid-phase extraction means include techniques using cartridges, columns or any other devices used in this technique and known in the art.
  • the sorbents that may be used with this method include but are not limited to silica gel (normal phase), reverse phase silica gel (modified silica gel), ion-exchange resins, and fluorisil.
  • the invention also includes the use of scavenger resins or any others trapping reagents attached to solid supports derived from organic or inorganic macromolecular materials to remove selectively active ingredients or any constituents from said extracts.
  • Membrane, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration means include the use of all types of membranes known from those in the art, as well as the use of pressure, vacuum, centrifugal force, and/or any other means that can be utilized in membrane and ultrafiltration processes (S. Ahuja, Handbook of Bioseparations, Academic Press, 2000).
  • Dialysis means includemembranes having molecular weight cut-offs varying from less than 0.5 KDa to larger than 50 KDa.
  • the invention also covers the recovery of purified and/or fractionated extracts from either the dialysate or the retentate by any means known in the art including but not limited to evaporation, reduced pressure evaporation, distillation, vacuum distillation, and lyophilization.
  • Chromatographic means include all means of carrying out chromatography known by those skilled in the art and described in G. Sofer, L. Hagel, Handbook of Process Chromatography, Academic Press, 1997 . Fractionation, partial purification, and/or purification can be carried out by but not limited to regular column chromatography, flash chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), countercurrent chromatography (CCC), moving bed chromatography, simulated moving bed chromatography, expanded bed chromatography, and planar chromatography.
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • MPLC medium pressure liquid chromatography
  • SFC supercritical fluid chromatography
  • CCC countercurrent chromatography
  • moving bed chromatography simulated moving bed chromatography
  • expanded bed chromatography and planar chromatography.
  • sorbents that may be used include but is not limited to silica gel, alumina, fluorisil, cellulose and modified celluloses, all possible modified silica gels, all types of ion-exchange resins, all types of size exclusion gels and any other sorbents known from those skilled in the art and described in T. Hanai, HPLC: A Practical Guide, RSC Press, UK 1999.
  • the present invention also includes the use of two or more solvent gradients to effect the fractionation, partial purification, and/or purification of said active extracts in any chromatographic methods.
  • the solvents that may be utilized include but are not limited to hexanes, pentane, petroleum ethers, cyclohexane, heptane, diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, water, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofurane, dioxane, tert-butyl methyl ether, acetone, and 2-butanone.
  • water or and aqueous phase it may contains certain amounts of iorganic or organic salts and the pH may be adjusted to different values with an acid or a base to enhance fractionation and/or purification.
  • the present invention includes the use of all variants of this type of chromatography including but not limited to one- and two dimension thin-layer chromatography (1D- and 2D-TLC), high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPLC), and centrifugal thin-layer chromatography (centrifugal TLC).
  • 1D- and 2D-TLC thin-layer chromatography
  • HPLC high performance thin-layer chromatography
  • centrifugal thin-layer chromatography centrifugal TLC
  • the present invention includes the use of manual, semi-automated, and automated systems, and the use of all possible solvents and solvent combinations necessary to effect fractionation and/or purification of said active extracts as described in W. D. Conway, R. J. Petroski, Modern Countercurrent Chromatography, ACS Symp. Ser. Vol. 593, 1995.
  • Solvent removal and/or concentration can be effected by any means known by those skilled in the art, including but not limited to reduced pressure evaporation, evaporation, reduced pressure distillation, distillation, and lyophilization.
  • the present invention includes the fractionation, partial purification, and purification of said active plant extracts by expanded bed chromatography, moving and simulated moving bed chromatography, and any other related methods known by those skilled in the art and described in G. Sofer, L. Hagel, Handbook of Process Chromatography, Academic Press, 1997 and S. Ahuja, Handbook of Bioseparations, Academic Press, 2000.
  • Selective precipitation means includes the use of all possible solvents and solvent combinations, the use of temperature changes, the addition of precipitent and/or modifiers, and/or modifying the pH by adding a base or an acid to effect a selective precipitation of active principles or any other constituents.
  • the present invention covers the fractionation, partial purification, and purification of said active plant extracts by electrophoresis and other related techniques known tothose skilled in the art.
  • the invention also includes the fractionation, partial purification, and/or purification of said active plant extracts by steam distillation, hydrodistillation, or any other related methods of distillation known from those in the art (L. M. Harwood, C. J. Moody, Experimental Organic Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, UK, 1989).
  • the process of purifying the active component(s) also includes the concentration of purified or partially purified chemicals, active ingredients, active principles by solvent removal of said plant extracts and/or fractionated plant extracts, and/or purified plant extracts.
  • the techniques of solvent removal are known to those skilled in the art and include but are not limited to rotary evaporation, distillation (normal and reduced pressure), centrifugal vacuum evaporation (speed-vac), and lyophilization.
  • One embodiment of the invention includes the concentration of chemicals, active ingredients, active principles by solvent removal of said plant extracts and/or fractionated plant extracts, and/or purified plant extracts.
  • the techniques of solvent removal are known to those skilled in the art and include but are not limited to rotary evaporation, distillation (normal and reduced pressure), centrifugal vacuum evaporation (speed-vac), and lyophilizatiorl
  • Pre-Harvest TreatmentAerian parts of a living plant are sprayed with an aqueous solution of gamma linolenic acid (6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid, Sigma L-2378) (stress G) or arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, Sigma A-3925) (stress A) (400 ⁇ M in water with 0.125% (v/v) Triton X-100) to completely cover the leaves.
  • gamma linolenic acid (6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid, Sigma L-2378)
  • arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, Sigma A-3925)
  • stress A 400 ⁇ M in water with 0.125% (v/v) Triton X-100
  • the aqueous extract (Potential Pre-Extract A) is further purified in order to determine its extracellular protease inhibition capability.
  • the Potential Pre-Extract A is purified by by size-exclusion chromatography, wherein the aqueous extract is chromatographed on a calibrated Sephadex G-25 column (1 ⁇ 10 cm) using a 20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 buffer as eluant. Fractions corresponding to compounds that seem to have a molecular weight (MW) less than 1500 daltons (D) are pooled to constitute the purified aqueous extract that is tested for inhibitory activity in an assay as described in Example II.
  • MW molecular weight
  • the extract Prior to this analysis, the extract is treated with 10% gelatin-Sepharose (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sw.) in order to remove unspecific enzyme ligands.
  • 10% gelatin-Sepharose Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sw.
  • 100 ⁇ L of gelatin-Sepharose resin is added in a microassay tube, the solution in the tube is mixed, kept on ice for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged 5 minutes at 5,000 rpm. The supernatant is removed and used directly for assays.
  • Solid S2 collected from the previous aqueous extraction, 12 ml of cold ethanol:methanol (85:15) is added and the mixture is thoroughly vortexed for 2 minutes. The mixture is kept on ice for 30 minutes and vortexed every 10 minutes. The sample is centrifuged in a CorexTM 30 ml tube for 5 minutes at 4,500 rpm. The resulting supernatant is decanted in a 15 ml tube after filtration with a MiraclothTM filter. The pellet, referred as Solid S3 is kept for the subsequent organic extraction. This extract is therefore referred as the Potential Pre-Extract B.
  • the ethanolic extract is purified by liquid/liquid extraction prior to analysis by enzymatic assay.
  • 1 ml of ethanolic extract is evaporated under vacuum, dissolved in 150 ⁇ l of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and completed to a final volume of 1.5 ml with Tris buffer (final concentration: Tris-HCl 20 mM; pH 7.5).
  • Tris buffer final concentration: Tris-HCl 20 mM; pH 7.5.
  • the aqueous phase is removed and treated with 10% gelatin-Sepharose (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sw.) to remove unspecific enzyme ligands prior to conducting subsequent assays.
  • 10% gelatin-Sepharose Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sw.
  • To 1 ml of extract 100 ⁇ L of gelatin-Sepharose resin is added in a microassay tube, the tube is mixed, kept on ice for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged 5 minutes at 5,000 rpm. Supernatant is removed and used directly for assays as described in Example IL.
  • the organic extract is diluted 1:10 in a solution of DMSO:Methanol:Tris (20 mM, pH 7.5) (10:50:40) (Solution A), ie, 220 ⁇ l of extract is added to 2.0 ml of solution A. After 10 seconds of vigorous vortex, the mix is sonicated for 10 seconds. Dissolved extracts are subsequently applied to a solid phase extraction plate (Discovery SPE-96, Sigma Chemical Co, St-Louis, Mo.). After initial conditioning of the columns with 1 ml of methanol, columns are equilibrated with solution A, and extract samples are deposited on the columns. Elution is completed with solution A (final volume of 2 ml) and this fraction is used directly in assays as described in Example II.
  • the inhibitory activity of sample compositions towards human MMP-1, human MMP-2, human MMP-3, human MMP-9, human cathepsin-B, human cathepsin-D, human cathepsin-G, human cathepsin-L, human cathepsin-K, human leukocyte elastase (HLE), bacteria clostripain and bacteria subtilisin can be determined using either fluorogenic substrates or the FASC assay.
  • MMP-1, -2, -9 are purified from natural sources (human immortalized cell lines: 8505C (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH) for MMP-1, HT-1080 (ATCC, Manassas, Va.) for MMP-2 and THP-1 (ATCC, Manassas, Va.) for MMP-9) as described in literature and based on protocols found in L. M. Clark: ⁇ Matrix metalloproteinases protocols >>, Humana Press (2001). Recombinant human MMP-3 is overexpressed in E. Coli and purified according to Windsor L J, Steele D L (2001), Methods Mol Biol 151:191-205.
  • Dpa or DNP quenches the MCA fluorescence. Cleavage of the peptide causes release of the fluorescent MCA group which is then quantitated on a fluorometer (Gemini XS, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.).
  • the assay is performed in TNCZ assay buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl; NaCl 150 mM; CaCL 2 5 mM; ZnCl 2 0.5 mM; pH 7.5) with human purified proteases (I. M. Clark: ⁇ Matrix metalloproteinases protocols >>, Humana Press (2001).
  • the substrate primarily dissolved in DMSO is then redissolved in TNCZ buffer for the assay.
  • Human Cathepsin B and G and human leukocyte elastase are obtained from Calbiochem (San Diego, Calif.). Human MMP-9 is purified as previously described. The assay is based on the method described in Canadian Patent No. 2,189,486 (1996) and in St-Pierre et al., (1996) Cytometry 25:374-380. For the assay, 5 ⁇ I of the purified enzyme (1-100 ng), 5 ⁇ l of concentrated buffer solution (20 mM Tris-HCl; NaCl 150 mM; CaCL 2 5 mM; ZnCl 2 0.5 mM; pH 7.5),and 5 ⁇ l of gelatin-FITC beads are typically used in a final volume of 100 ⁇ I.
  • the assay is performed by incubation of the reaction mixture for 90 minutes at 37° C.
  • the reaction is stopped by the transfer of the mix in 0.5 ml of 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl; pH 9.5 buffer.
  • This tube is analyzed in a flow cytometer (Epics MCL, Beckman Coulter, Mississauga, Ontario) as described in Canadian Patent No. 2,189,486 (1996).
  • Cathepsin D is purified from human MCF-7 cells according to Stewart A J, Piggott N H, May F E, Westley B R. (1994), Int J Cancer 57(5):715-8.
  • Cathepsin B, Cathepsin G and HLE are obtained as previously described.
  • the activities of Cathepsin D, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin G and HLE are measured by an assay based on the increase of fluorescence of a proteic substrate (Haemoglobin in the case of Cathepsin D and B and beta-casein in the case of Cathepsin G and HLE) heavily labelled with Alexa-488 dye (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.).
  • the substrate when highly labelled with the dye, will almost quench the dye fluorescence. Cleavage of the substrate will result in an increase of the fluorescence which can be measured with a spectrofluorometer, and which is proportional to protease activity.
  • 10 ⁇ l of purified human Cathepsin D, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin G or HLE (10-50 ng) and 10 ⁇ L of Hemoglobin-Alexa488 or beta-casein-Alexa488 (100 ng) are assayed in final volume of 75 ⁇ l adjusted with 20 mM citrate pH 3.3 buffer in the case of Cathepsins D and B or TNCZ buffer in the case of Cathepsin G and HLE.
  • the reaction is performed as already described except that the fluorescence is read at excitation 488 nm/emission 525 nm wavelengths.
  • Subtilisin isolated from B. Subtilisis ) is purchased from Fluka. Assays are performed with a fluorogenic peptide (Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-AMC, Bachem California, Torrance, Calif.) as already described for MMPs with the following modification: the assay is buffered with 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.5 and the results are read at excitation 380 nm/emission 460 nm wavelengths.
  • fluorogenic peptide Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-AMC, Bachem California, Torrance, Calif.
  • Clostripain from Clostridium histolyticum (Worthington Lakewood, N.J.) is prepared and activated as described by manufacturer's protocol. The activity is determined by using Z-Arg-Arg-AMC, 2HCl (Calbiochem, San Diego, Calif.) as a fluorogenic peptidic substrate and the incubation buffer is 75 mM phosphate, pH 7.6. The reaction is performed as already described except that the fluorescence is read at excitation 380 nm/emission 460 nm wavelengths.
  • aqueous extractsprepared as described in Example I are preincubated with 1:10 of gelatin-Sepharose 4BTM for 30 minutes to remove fluorescence quenching.
  • ethanolic extract an initial hexane extraction is performed and samples are treated with 1:10 of gelatin-Sepharose 4BTM to remove quenching.
  • the FASC assay 35 ⁇ l of the treated extract prepared as described in Exampla I, 5 ⁇ l of the purified enzyme prepared as described previously, 5 ⁇ l of concentrated buffer solution (TNCZ), and 5 ⁇ l of gelatin-FITC beads are typically used.
  • the initial step of the assay is the incubation of the reaction without beads for a 30 minutes period on ice to allow the binding of inhibitors to enzyme. Fluorescent beads are added and the reaction mix is incubated for 90 minutes at 37° C. The reaction isstopped by transfer of the mix in 0.5 ml of 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl; pH 9.5 buffer. This tube isanalyzed in the flow cytometer (Epics MCL, Beckman Coulter, Mississauga, Ontario) as described in Canadian Patent Application No. 2,189,486 (1996).
  • Tables 1-13 Results of the inhibition studies are shown in Tables 1-13.
  • Table 2 reports the inhibition of human MMP-1 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 3 reports the inhibition of human MMP-2 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 4 reports the inhibition of human MMP-3 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 5 reports the inhibition of human MMP-9 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 6 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin B by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 7 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin D by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 8 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin G by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 9 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin L by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 10 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin K by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 11 reports the inhibition of HME by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 12 reports the inhibition of bacteria subtilisin by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources.
  • Table 13 reports the inhibition of bacterial clostripain by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. The inhibition is reported as percentage (%) of inhibition of substrate degradation as compared with the degradation without extract. The inhibition is reported as percentage (%) of inhibition of substrate degradation as compared with the degradation without extract.
  • Extracts were separated by HPLC on an Agilent 1100 system (San Fernando, Calif.). Briefly, 100 ⁇ L of a crude extract prepared as described in Example I was applied on a C18 reverse-phase column (Purospher RP-18 5 ⁇ m, 4.0 ⁇ 125 mm (HP), Agilent, San Fernando, Calif.). Elution of compounds was achieved with a linear gradient of 10-85% acetonitrile. Fractions were collected, evaporated, resuspended in aqueous buffer and then reanalysed for their inhibition activity on specific enzymes as already described. Fractions of interest (demonstrating a biological activity) where then reisolated at a larger scale for further analysis and characterization.
  • Maritima G R 43.7 Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima G O 34.9 Betula glandulosa G S 40.8 Borago officinalis G O 30.3 Borago officinalis G R 29.7 Brassica cepticepa G R 21.9 Brassica oleracea G O 33.6 Brassica oleracea G O 100.0 Brassica rapa G O 42.5 Brassica rapa G R 40.2 Calamintha nepeta G O 28.7 Calendula officinalis L G O 100.0 Camellia sinensis G O 46.4 Campanula rapuncutus G R 27.2 Capsella bursa-pastoris G R 24.1 Capsicum annum G O 36.0 Chaerophyllum bulbosum G R 38.9 Chenopodium quinoa G O 100.0 Cichorium intybus G S 44.6 Circium arvense G R 30.3 Citrullus lanatus G R 21.2 Cucurbita pepo G O 59.5 Cucurbit
  • Maritima A R 100.0 Brassica chinensis A R 49.6 Brassica napus A O 28.5 Brassica Napus A S 52.4 Brassica Napus A R 82.4 Brassica nigra A O 29.2 Brassica oleracea A R 31.2 Brassica Oleracea A R 31.4 Brassica oleracea A R 64.0 Brassica oleracea A S 68.7 Brassica oleracea A R 75.3 Brassica oleracea A O 100.0 Brassica rapa A S 27.6 Brassica rapa A R 33.4 Brassica rapa A O 57.6 Brassica rapa A R 58.1 Brassica rapa A R 84.5 Calamintha nepeta A O 65.0 Camellia sinensis A S 21.9 Camellia sinensis A R 26.5 Camellia sinensis A O 79.0 Capsicum annuum A R 100.0 Capsicum frutescens A S 66.6 Capsicum frutescens
  • Maritima G R 100.0 Brassica cepticepa G R 52.9 Brassica chinensis G R 41.9 Brassica juncea G R 22.8 Brassica Napus G S 22.9 Brassica oleracea G R 45.5 Brassica oleracea G R 47.1 Brassica oleracea G S 62.9 Brassica oleracea G R 77.9 Brassica oleracea G O 100.0 Brassica rapa G S 26.5 Brassica rapa G R 38.9 Brassica Rapa G R 53.6 Calamintha nepeta G S 20.4 Calamintha nepeta G O 78.0 Camellia sinensis G O 100.0 Campanula rapunculus G R 60.6 Canna edulis G O 78.1 Capsella bursa-pastoris G S 30.7 Capsella bursa-pastoris G R 60.6 Capsicum annuum G S 70.8 Capsicum annuum G O 80.0 Capsicum annuum
  • Trifolium repens T R 79.7 Trigonella foenum graecum T O 28.4 Trigonella foenum graecum T S 34.8 Triticosecale spp T S 28.5 Triticosecale spp T O 100.0 Triticum aestivum T R 32.9 Triticum aestivum T O 67.7 Triticum durum T O 47.7 Triticum spelta T O 37.1 Triticum turgidumm T O 41.2 Tropaeolum majus T S 42.7 Tropaeolum majus T R 77.6 Tsuga diversifolia T R 53.4 Vitis sp. T S 36.3 Vitis sp.
  • T R 86.4 Thea sinensis Capsicum annus T S 29.7 Capsicum annus T R 43.7 Capsicum frutescens (tabasco) T S 22.0 Lavendula angustifolia T S 91.7 Lepidium sativum T R 24.7 Levisticum officinale T O 24.9 Lolium perenne T S 22.3 Lonicera ramosissima T R 42.5 Lonicera syringantha T R 21.1 Malus T O 53.1 Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. T R 76.5 Malus sp. T R 39.8 Malus sp.
  • Maritima G O 46.7 Brassica cepticepa G R 26.7 Brassica cepticepa G S 68.3 Achillea millefolium G S 45.5 Aconitum napellus G S 24.0 Aconitum napellus G O 53.9 Acorus calamus G O 87.6 Acorus calamus G S 100.0 Actinidia arguta G S 33.8 Adiantum pedatum G R 31.6 Brassica oleracea G S 76.1 Brassica oleracea G O 100.0 Brassica rapa G R 21.1 Brassica rapa G S 64.0 Brassica rapa G O 100.0 Bromus inermis G R 36.7 Campanula rapunculus G O 59.9 Canna edulis G O 20.8 Canna edulis G O 83.1 Capsicum annuum G R 20.2 Capsicum annuum G S 29.6 Capsicum annuum G O 51.5 Capsicum annuum
  • Maritima T R 23.6 Betula glandulosa T O 22.2 Betula glandulosa T V 22.2 Betula glandulosa T S 25.7 Betula glandulosa T W 32.9 Boletus edulis T S 36.2 Boletus edulis T O 90.2 Borago officinalis T S 27.9 Borago officinalis T O 76.1 Brassica cepticepa T O 65.4 Brassica cepticepa T S 71.5 Brassica Chineusis T R 27.1 Brassica juncea T O 51.0 Brassica juncea T R 66.0 Brassica juncea T S 74.1 Amaranthus gangeticus T O 30.3 Amaranthus gangeticus T S 66.0 Ambrosia artemisiifolia T R 58.7 Amelanchier alnitolia T R 70.5 Amelanchier sanguinea T W 37.3 Ananas comosus T W 23.8 Ananas comosus T V 95.0 Ananas co
  • Maritima A O 33.4 Brassica juncea A O 21.3 Brassica Oleracea A O 27.5 Brassica Oleracea A O 48.2 Brassica rapa A O 20.8 Calendula officinalis A O 35.6 Camellia sinensis syn.
  • a R 24.4 Thea sinensis Cana edulis A R 100.0 Capsicum annuum A O 25.0 Cichorium intybus A R 100.0 Citrullus lanatus A O 24.4 Convallaria maialis A O 57.0 Coriandrum sativum A R 20.8 Cryptotaenia canadensis A O 20.4 Cucumis Anguria A O 26.8 Cucumis sativus A R 45.6 Curburbita pepo A O 30.8 Daucus carota A R 68.8 Daucus carota A O 20.3 Daucus carota A R 72.5 Daucus carota A O 22.6 Daucus carota A O 25.6 Daucus carota A R 65.9 Daucus carota A R 77.3 Daucus carota A R 41.6 Dirca palustris A R 100.0 Eruca vesicaria A O 41.4 Filipendula rubra A R 65.0 Forsythia intermedia
  • Maritima A O 30.8 Betta vulgaris A O 100.0 Brassica napus A R 63.6 Brassica oleracea A R 33.3 Brassica rapa A R 23.8 Brassica rapa A O 26.1 Bromus inermis A O 59.6 Calamintha nepeta A R 24.0 Campanula rapunculus A O 41.6 Canna edulis A O 100.0 Capsella bursa-pastoris A O 36.7 Capsicum annuum A R 25.8 Capsicum annuum A R 28.2 Capsicum annuum A O 64.7 Capsicum annuum A R 76.9 Capsicum frutescens A O 44.1 Carthamus tinctorius A O 42.9 Carum carvi A R 28.6 Chaerophyllum bulbosom A O 100.0 Chelidonium majus A R 100.0 chenopodium bonus-henricus A O 54.3 Chenopodium quinoa A R 22.2 Chrys
  • Maritima G R 100.0 Borago officinalis G O 100.0 Brassica napus G R 40.9 Brassica oleracea G R 66.7 Bromus inermis G O 38.3 Calamintha nepeta G R 25.3 Campanula rapunculus G S 50.8 Campanula rapunculus G O 68.8 Campanula rapunculus G O 69.9 Canna edulis G S 50.8 Capsella bursa-pastoris G O 30.0 Capsicum annuum G O 27.9 Capsicum annuum G R 33.3 Capsicum annuum G R 35.9 Capsicum annuum G R 41.0 Capsicum annuum G S 43.1 Capsicum annuum G O 56.9 Capsicum frutescens G O 60.8 Carthamus tinctorius G O 30.2 Carum carvi G O 28.6 Chaerophyllum bulbosum G O 88.9
  • Maritima T R 100.0 Brassica nigra T R 45.5 Brassica oleracea T O 50.0 Brassica oleracea T R 100.0 Bromus inermis T O 30.9 Calamagrostis arundiflora T O 85.6 Calendula officinalis T O 23.7 Campanula rapunculus T O 25.0 Canna edulis T O 26.3 Capsella bursa-pastoris T O 21.7 Capsicum annum T O 46.1 Capsicum annuum T R 20.5 Capsicum annuum T O 23.3 Capsicum annuum T R 41.0 Capsicum frutescens T O 58.8 Carthamus tinctorius T O 36.5 Carum carvi T O 88.6 Chaerophyllum bulbosum T O 25.0 Chaerophyllum bulbosum T O 95.2 Chelidonium majus T O 27.1 Chelidonium majus T R 50.0 Chenopodium bonus-henricus T
  • a W 29.7 Angelica archangelica A S 68.1 Anthemis tinctoria A O 26.0 Anthemis tinctoria A V 28.4 Anthemis tinctorium A O 46.9 Arachis hypogaea A V 84.5 Aralia nudicaulis A S 61.9 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A O 25.0 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A R 100.0 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A S 38.4 Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. A O 24.4 Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. A R 27.3 Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.
  • Galium odoratum T R 27.0 Gaultheria hispidula (L) Muhl T W 100.0 Gaultheria procumbens T W 30.0 Gaultheria procumbens T S 100.0 Glycine max Envy T O 20.1 Glycyrrhiza glabra T W 47.9 Guizotia abyssinica T R 74.1 Guizotia abyssinica T S 22.7 Hamamelis virginiana T O 100.0 Hamamelis virginiana T R 100.0 Helenium hoopesii T O 21.7 Helenium hoopesii T S 24.6 Helianthus annus T O 21.0 Helianthus strumosus T O 85.6 Helianthus tuberosa T V 64.5 Helianthus tuberosa T W 100.0 Helichrysum angustifolium T O 100.0 Helichrysum angustifolium T W 87.0 Helichrysum angustifolium T V 84.4 Helichrysum angustifolium T S 92.3 Helich
  • T R 100.0 Vicia villosa T O 36.6 Vitia sp. T W 58.9 Vitis sp T S 24.7 Vitis sp. T S 22.8 Vitis sp. T S 21.7 Zea mays T S 20.5
  • G R 52.7 Vitis sp. G O 99.2 Zea mays G R 45.1 Zea mays G O 55.3 Perilla frutescens T R 68.0 Perilla frutescens T O 74.4 Achillea millefolium T O 46.0 Achillea millefolium T R 32.9 Aconitum napellus T O 35.2 Aconitum napellus T R 31.9 Acorus calamus T O 40.6 Acorus calamus T R 26.9 Actinidia arguta T R 80.0 Actinidia arguta T O 66.3 Adiantum pedatum T O 43.4 Agrimonia eupatoria T O 37.5 Agropyron repens T O 75.0 Agropyron repens T R 50.0 Alchemilla mollis T O 71.6 Alchemilla mollis T R 81.1 Allium ampeloprasum T O 84.4 Allium cepa T O 49.2 Allium cepa T R 30.1 Allium sativum T O 6
  • Maritima A R 53.7 Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A O 84.2 Borago officinalis A O 38.6 Brassica napus A R 43.5 Brassica napus A O 84.4 Brassica oleracea A O 60.6 Brassica rapa A R 62.1 Brassica rapa A O 98.9 Campanula rapunculus A O 77.0 Canna edulis A R 32.0 Capsella bursa-pastoris A R 71.4 Capsella bursa-pastoris A O 72.8 Capsicum annuum A R 39.0 Chaerophyllum bulbosum A O 86.6 Chelidonium majus A O 90.3 Chenopodium bonus-henricus A O 38.8 Chenopodium quinoa A R 42.3 Coix Lacryma-Jobi A O 35.2 Coriandrum sativum A R 63.6 Coriandrum sativum A O 84.4 Cornus canadensis A O 58.6 Comus canadensis A R 99.4
  • G R 77.5 Vitis sp. G O 99.8 Zea mays G O 54.2 Zea mays G R 56.0 Perilla frutescens T R 83.5 Achillea millefolium T O 89.0 Aconitum napellus T O 63.6 Acorus calamus T O 94.2 Actinidia arguta T R 52.4 Actinidia arguta T O 84.8 Adiantum pedatum T O 92.2 Agrimonia eupatoria T O 39.2 Agropyron rupens T O 97.3 Alchemilla mollis T O 85.2 Alchemilla mollis T R 96.8 Allium ampeloprasum T R 33.5 Allium ampeloprasum T O 94.1 Allium cepa T R 54.4 Allium cepa T O 100.0 Allium sativum T O 76.5 Allium schoenoprasum T O 87.0 Allium tuberosum T R 53.6 Allium tuberosum T O 98.7 Aloe vera T R 43.7
  • Maritima A R 92.2 Borago officinalis A S 22.6 Brassica napus A S 68.3 Brassica napus A R 29.5 Brassica nigra A S 32.6 Brassica oleracea A O 22.9 Brassica oleracea A V 20.8 Brassica oleracea A R 22.2 Brassica rapa A S 23.2 Brassica rapa A R 26.9 Bromus inermis A O 34.1 Bromus inermis A R 21.9 Calamintha nepeta A O 35.4 Canna edulis A O 56.4 Canna edulis A R 21.4 Carum carvi A O 24.2 Chaerophyllum bulbosum A O 25.5 chenopodium bonus-henricus A R 24.0 Chenopodium bonus-henricus A S 85.8 Citrullus lanatus A R 26.3 Coix Lacryma-Jobi A S 86.1 Cosmos sulphureus A O 33.8 Cosmos sulphureus A S 20.7 Crataegu

Abstract

The present invention provides a plant derived extract comprising inhibitory activity against one or more extracellular proteases which degrade human tissue matrix. Moreover, the amount of inhibitory activity in an extract can be increased by stressing the plant prior to forming an extract. These extracts are each prepared by a standard process and demonstrate the ability to inhibit one or more extracellular proteases which degrade human tissue matrix. Libraries of extracts can be prepared from stressed and non-stressed plants, wherein each of the extracts demonstrate inhibitory activity against one or more extracellular protease inhibitors. Alternatively, semi-purified and purified inhibitory compounds can be isolated from the extracts following standard procedures. In one aspect, these extracts with inhibitory activity can be used during protein purification to minimize the degradation due to extracellular proteases.

Description

    FIELD OF INVENTION
  • The invention pertains to the field of protease inhibitors, specifically inhibitors of extracellular proteases. [0001]
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The cells of tissues are generally in contact with a network of large extracellular macromolecules that occupies the spaces in a tissue between the component cells and also occupies the space between adjacent tissues. This extracellular matrix functions as a scaffolding on which the cells and tissue are supported and is involved actively in regulating interaction of the cells that contact it. The principal macromolecules of the extracellular matrix include the collagens (the most abundant proteins in the body) and glycosaminoglycans (complex polysaccharides which are usually bonded also to protein and then termed proteoglycans). The macromolecules that comprise the extracellular matrix are produced typically by the cells in contact therewith, for example, epithelial cells in contact with a basement membrane and fibroblasts embedded in connective tissue. [0002]
  • The glycosaminoglycan (proteoglycan) molecules form a highly hydrated matrix (a gel) in which elastic or fibrous proteins (such as collagen fibers) are embedded. The aqueous nature of the gel permits diffusion of metabolically required substances between the cells of a tissue and between tissues. Additional proteins that may be found in extracellular matrix include elastin, fibronectin and laminin. [0003]
  • The term “connective tissue” refers to extracellular matrix plus specialised cells such as, for example, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, macrophages and mast cells found therein. The term “interstitial tissue” is best reserved for an extracellular matrix that stabilizes a tissue internally, filling the gaps between the cells thereof. There are also specialized forms of extracellular matrix (connective tissue) that have additional functional roles—cornea, cartilage and tendon, and when calcified, the bones and teeth. [0004]
  • A structural form of extracellular matrix is the basal lamina (basement membrane). Basal laminae are thin zones of extracellular matrix that are found under epithelium or surrounding, for example, muscle cells or the cells that electrically insulate nerve fibres. Generally speaking, basal laminae separate cell layers from underlying zones of connective tissue or serve as a boundary between two cell layers wherein a basal lamina can serve as a pathway for invading cells associated with pathologic processes, or for structural organisation associated with tissue repair (i.e. as a blueprint from which to regenerate original tissue architecture and morphology). [0005]
  • The regulated turnover of extracellular matrix macromolecules is critical to a variety of important biological processes. Localised degradation of matrix components is required when cells migrate through a basal lamina, as when white blood cells migrate across the vascular basal lamina into tissues in response to infection or injury, or when cancer cells migrate from their site of origin to distant organs via the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels, during metastasis. In normal tissues, the activity of extracellular proteases is tightly regulated and the breakdown/production of connective tissue is in dynamic equilibrium, such that there is a slow and continual turnover due to degradation and resynthesis in the extracellular matrix of adult animals. [0006]
  • In each of these cases, matrix components are degraded by extracellular proteolytic enzymes that are secreted locally by cells. These proteases belong to one of four general classes: many are metalloproteinases, which depend on bound Ca[0007] 2+ or Zn2+ for activity, while the others are serine, aspartic and cysteine proteases, which have a highly reactive serine, aspartate or cysteine residue in their respective active site (Vincenti et al., (1994) Arthritis and Rheumatism, 37: 1115-1126). Together, metalloproteinases, serine, aspartate and cysteine proteases cooperate to degrade matrix proteins such as collagen, laminin, and fibronectin.
  • Several mechanisms operate to ensure that the degradation of matrix components is tightly controlled. First, many proteases are secreted as inactive precursors that can be activated locally. Second, the action of proteases is confined to specific areas by various secreted protease inhibitors, such as the tissue inhibitors of metaloproteases and the serine protease inhibitors known as serpins. These inhibitors are specific for particular proteases and bind tightly to the activated enzyme to block its activity. Third, many cells have receptors on their surface that bind proteases, thereby confining the enzyme to where it is needed. [0008]
  • Many pathogenic bacteria produce extracellular metalloproteases, of which many are zinc containing proteases that can be classified into two families, the thermolysin (neutral) proteases and the serralysin (alkaline) proteases. [0009]
  • A number of patents and publications report the inhibition of one or more extraceliular proteases by compounds extracted from plants. For example, Sun et al., (1996) Phytotherapy Res., 10: 194-197, reports the inhibition in vitro of stromelysin (MMP-3) and collagenase by betulinic acid extracted from [0010] Doliocarpus venuculosis. Sazuka et al, (1997) Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 61: 1504-1506, reports the inhibition of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and metastasis by compounds isolated from green and black teas. Kumagai et at JP 08104628 A2, Apr. 1, 1996 (CA 125: 67741) reports the use of flavones and anthocyanines isolated from Scutellaris baicanlensis roots to inhibit collagenase. Gervasi et al., (1996) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 228: 530-538, reports the regulation of MMP-2 by some plant lectins and other saccharides. Dubois et al., (1998) FEBS Lett., 427: 275-278, reports the increased secretion of deleterious gelatinase-B (MMP-9) by some plant lectins. Nagase et al.,(1998) Planta Med., 64: 216-219, reports the weak inhibition of collagenase (MMPs) by delphinidin, a flavonoid isolated from Solanum melongena.
  • Other reports discuss the use of extracts to inhibit extracellular proteases. For example, Asano et al., (1998) [0011] Immunopharmacology, 39: 117-126, reports the inhibition of TNF-α production using Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. extracts. Maheu et al., (1998) Arthritis Rheumatol., 41: 81-91, reports the use of avocado/soy bean non-saponifiable extracts in the treatment of arthritis. Makirnura etal., (1993) J. Periodontol., 64: 630-636, also reports the use of green tea extracts to inhibit collagenases in vitro. Obayashi et al., (1998) Nippon Keshonin Gijutsusha Kaishi, 32: 272-279 (CA 130: 92196) reports the inhibition of collagenase-I (MMP-1) from human fibroblast and neutrophil elastase by plant extract from Eucalyptus and Elder.
  • When a plant is stressed, several biochemical processes are activated and many new chemicals, in addition to those constitutively expressed, are synthesised as a response. These chemicals include enzymes, enzyme inhibitors (especially protease inhibitors), lectins, alkaloids, terpenes, oligosaccharides, and antibiotics. The biosynthesis of these defense chemicals and secondary metabolites is not yet fully understood. The most studied system is the production of protease inhibitors following pest attack or mechanical wounding. On the other hand, several inducible chemicals are the products of complex biochemical pathways which require several biosynthetic enzymes to be activated. [0012]
  • It has been shown that many chemicals can be used to “stress” plants and to artificially stimulate biosynthesis of several new and constitutive defense chemicals. Also, different types of stress can activate distinct metabolic defense pathways, thereby leading to production of a variety of chemicals. Although the various biosynthetic defense pathways share some similarities, these pathways are characteristic of specific plant species. Therefore, treating many plants with many types of stress can lead to a vast number of collections of diverse chemicals from plant origin. [0013]
  • In addition to pests, fungi, and other pathogenic attacks, stressors include drought, heat, water and mechanical wounding. Furthermore, many chemicals can act as stressors that activate gene expression; these include: hydrogen peroxide, ozone, sodium chloride, jasmonic acid and derivatives, α-linoleic acid, γ-linoleic acid, salicylic acid, abscesic acid, volicitin, small oligopeptides, among others. [0014]
  • The use of abiotic stressors on plants has been the focus of intense studies in plant science. Artificial stresses have been used to stimulate the production of natural plant protease inhibitors for insect digestive proteases, in order to enhance crop protection against certain pests and herbivores. They have proven useful in combination with plants genetically modified to express other protease inhibitor genes. Finally, in the area of molecular farming, stresses have been used to stimulate gene expression in plants genetically modified to include an inducible coding sequence for a protein of nutraceutical and/or medicinal interest (Ryan and Farmer, U.S. Pat. No. 5,935,809). [0015]
  • Likewise, the use of gene activators or elicitors have been described to enhance the production of volatile chemicals in plant cell cultures. These elicitors have been demonstrated to induce the activity of several enzymes such as for example phenylalanine ammonia lyase, therefore leading to an increase in the production of plant volatile components. [0016]
  • No one has used stress to improve or modify plants human protease inhibitor content.[0017]
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES AND TABLES
  • FIG. 1 presents an overview of one standard procedure that is followed in order to generate the extracts of the invention each of which is derived from the solid plant material. Solvent A, B and C generally represent separate classes of solvents, for example, aqueous, alcoholic and organic. They are generally applied in a polar to non-polar order. They can be applied in a non-polar to polar order, however, in each case the solid matter must be dried prior to contacting the solid matter with the subsequent solvent. [0018]
  • FIG. 2 describes in further detail, one standard procedure that is followed in order to generate the extracts of the invention. [0019]
  • FIG. 3 presents an overview of one example of a commercial procedure that could be followed to prepare extracts of the invention.[0020]
  • Table 1 reports the inhibition of human MMP-1 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0021]
  • Table 2 reports the inhibition of human MM-2 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0022]
  • Table 3 reports the inhibition of human MMP-3 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0023]
  • Table 4 reports the inhibition of human MMP-9 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0024]
  • Table 5 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin B by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0025]
  • Table 6 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin D by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0026]
  • Table 7 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin G by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0027]
  • Table 8 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin L by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0028]
  • Table 9 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin K by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0029]
  • Table 10 reports the inhibition of HLE by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0030]
  • Table 11 reports the inhibition of bacteria Clostripain by aqueous (A), ethanolic CR) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0031]
  • Table 12 reports the inhibition of bacteria subtilisin by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed and non-stressed plant sources. [0032]
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In one aspect the invention provides n extract from a plant, which inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases, wherein the extract has been prepared by the steps of harvesting plant material, treating plant material with a solvent, separating the resulting extract from the solid material. testing an aliquot of the extract against a panel of extracellular proteases, and retaining the extract if it inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases an extract. [0033]
  • In one aspect the invention provides a library of extracts from plants wherein each extract inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases. [0034]
  • In another aspect the invention provides a library of plant extracts formed by a process comprising: contacting plant material with either an aqueous, ethanolic, or an organic solvent; isolating an extract from said plant material; analysing said extract for the presence of one or more inhibitory activities against an extracellular protease; and collected together, so as to form a library of plant extracts wherein each extract inhibits one or more extracellular proteases. [0035]
  • In one aspect the invention provides an extract from a plant, which inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases, wherein said plant has been stressed prior to generating the extract. [0036]
  • In a further aspect the invention provides a library of extracts derived from plants wherein each extract inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases and wherein said plants have been stressed prior to generating the extract. [0037]
  • In yet a further aspect provides an extracellular protease inhibitor derived from a plant comprising the steps of: contacting plant material with either an aqueous, ethanolic, or an organic solvent; isolating an extract from said plant material; analysing said extract for the presence of one or more inhibitory activities against a panel of extracellular proteases; further purifying a compound from said extract if said extract demonstrates the inhibition of one or more extracellular proteases greater than about 20%. [0038]
  • In another aspect the invention provides a method for increasing the levels of extracellular protease inhibitors in plants comprising the step of stressing the plant prior to forming a plant extract. [0039]
  • In another aspect the invention provides for the use of such extracts during protein purification to minimize the degradation due to extracellular proteases. [0040]
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Definitions [0041]
  • Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. [0042]
  • “Extracellular protease” means enzymes which degrade proteins (proteases) secreted outside the cell. Included MMPs, cathepsins, elastase, plasmin, TPA, uPA, kallikrein, ADAMS family members, neprilysin, gingipain, clostripain, thermolysin, serralysin,and other bacterial and viral enzymes. [0043]
  • “Extract of the invention,” means an a composition prepared by contacting a solvent with plant material, produced following the procedures of the invention, which demonstrates inhibitory activity against one or more extracellular proteases. In one embodiment an extract of the invention demonstrates inhibitory activity against two or more extracellular proteases. In one embodiment an extract of the invention demonstrates inhibitory activity against three or more extracellular proteases. In one embodiment, an extract of the invention demonstrates inhibitory activity against four or more extracellular proteases. The solvent may be evaporated leaving a solid embodiment of the extract. In one embodiment, the inhibitory activity is greater than about 20% when measured according to one of the assays as described herein. In one embodiment a panel of extracellular proteases can be used to test the inhibitory activity of the extract. [0044]
  • “Panel of Extracellular Proteases” means the array of distinct extracellular proteases that are used to perform routine assays to monitor the presence or absence of inhibitory activity throughout the extraction process of the invention. In one embodiment, inhibitory activity against one or more extracellular proteases is monitored; in one embodiment, inhibitory activity against two or more extracellular proteases is monitored; in one embodiment inhibitory activity against three or more extracellular proteases is monitored; in one embodiment inhibitor activity against four or more extracellular proteases is monitored; in one embodiment inhibitory activity against five or more extracellular proteases is monitored. One skilled in the art would appreciate that as high throughput screening techniques develop, one could routinely assay the fractions of the extractswith as many extracellular proteases as the technology permits. In general, the more enzymes that can be routinely tested the more information that can be generated during this process that will be useful for defining extracts useful to inhibit extracellular proteases. [0045]
  • “Potential plants” includes all species of the Kingdom Plantae, including plants under the Division Chlorophyta, Division Rhodophora, Division Paeophyta, Division Bryophyta and Division Tracheophyta; Subdivision Lycopsida, Subdivision Sphenopsida, Subdivision Pteropsida and Subdivision Spermopsida; Class Gymnospermae, Class Angiospermae, Subclass Dicotyledonidae and Subclass Monocotyledonidae. In general terms, all plants, herbs, and lower plants such as fungi and algae. Potential plants are those plants that can be subjected to the methodology of the invention in order to generate an extract which.can then be tested against a panel of extracellular proteases. Those plants which yield an extract demonstrating inhibitory activity against an extracellular protease are considered to be plants and extracts comprising the subject matter of the invention. [0046]
  • “Potential Pre-Extract” means an extract which has not yet been determined to posess inhibitory activity against one or more extracellular proteases. [0047]
  • “Plant material” means any part of a plant taken indivudually or in group, could include but not restricted to leafs, flowers, roots, seeds, stems, and other part of a plant, wherein a plant may be terrestrial, aquatic or other. [0048]
  • “Protease inhibitor” as used herein, refers to any compound that attenuates the proteolytic activity of proteases. “Protease inhibitor” may or may not be proteinaceous. [0049]
  • “Stressor” as used herein, refers to any physical stress, chemical compound, or a biological agent used to elicit production of extricellular protease inhibitors as a result of activation of a defence response in a plant. Elicitors and inducers are also considered to be stressors. Any material of a plant may be contacted with a stressor, elicitor, or inducer, which is a chemical compound, for example organic aand inorganic acids, fatty acids, glycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, orgnaic solvents, amino acids,a nd peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and lipopllysaccharides, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenes and terpenoids, antibiotics, detergents, polyamines, peroxides, ionophores, etc., or subjected to a physical treatment, such as ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperature stress, osmotic stress induced by salt or sugars, nutritional stress defined as depriving the plant of essential nutrients (N, P, or K), in order to induce or elicit increased production of one or more chemicals. Such chemical compound or physical treatment may be applied continuously or intermittently to the plant or plant parl In one embodiment, such treatment may be accomplished by contacting the plant material with a solution containing the elicitor or by irradiating the plant material or exposing the plant material to other environmental stresses such as temperature stresses. [0050]
  • The term “substantially purified” or “substantially pure” or “isolated,” when used in reference to a molecule having protease inhibitor activity, means that the molecule is in a form that is relatively free of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates or other materials with which it is naturally associated in a planl As disclosed herein, a plant extract of the invention is considered to be substantially purified. In addition, the molecules having protease inhibitor activity can be further purified using routine and well known methods as provided herein. As such, a substantially pure protease inhibitor of the invention can constitute at least about one or a few percent of a sample, for example, at least about five percent of a sample, generally at least about twenty percent of a sample, and can be further purified to constitute at least about fifty percent of a sample, generally at least about eighty percent of a sample, and particularly about ninety percent or ninety-five percent or more of a sample. A determination that a protease inhibitor of the invention is substantially pure can be made using methods as disclosed herein or otherwise known in the art, for example, by performing electrophoresis and identifying the particular molecule as a relatively discrete band. [0051]
  • Other chemistry terms herein are used according to conventional usage in the art, as exemplified by The McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (ed. Parker, S., 1985), McGraw-Hill, San Francisco, incorporated herein by reference). [0052]
  • The subject invention involves extracts from the tissues of plant species which provide inhibitory activity against extracellular proteases. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of plants to produce extracts or semi-purifiedlpurified compounds, compositions and formulations demonstrating an inhibitory activity against one or more proteases involved in the proteolytic degradation of human extracellular matrix. Such extracts, compounds, compositions and formulations derived from plant sources, optionally fromrk water, ethanol or organic extracts prepared from said plant tissues, and fractions separable from said extracts by chromatography or centrifugal ultra-filtration or other means. In one aspect, these extracts with inhibitory activity can be used during protein purification to minimize the degradation due to extracellular proteases. [0053]
  • With reference to FIG. 1, the process for producing an extract of the invention begins with choosing a plant species. Then a pre-harvest treatment is selected, wherein either treatment with water, or water in addition to any combination of a stress, wherein the stress can be applied separately from the water (if the stress is drought, then the water would not be provided for the period in which the plant is to be stressed); followed by choosing whether the treated plant will be treated for storage and stored prior to contacting plant material with the first solvent. The plant material is treated with the first solvent and then the liquid is separated from the solid material (solid S2), wherein the liquid becomes Fraction F1 or Pre-Extract A. The solid S2 is treated with the second solvent and then the liquid is separated from the solid material (Solid S3), wherein the liquic becomes Fraction F2 or Pre-Extract B. The solid S3 is treated with the third solvent and then the liquid is separated from the solid material (Solid S4). [0054]
  • Plant Material [0055]
  • In one embodiment, plants that may be employed in the invention comprise: [0056] Abelmoschus esculentus; Abies balsamea; Abies lasiocarpa; Achillea millefolium; Achillea tomentosa; Aconitum napellus; Aconitum spp.; Acorus calamus; Actaea racemosa; Actinidia arguta; Actinidia chinensis; Adiantum pedatum; Adiantum tenerum; Aesculus hippocastanum; Aframomum melegueta; Agaricus bisporus; Agastache foeniculum; Ageratum conyzoides; Agrimonia eupatoria; Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron repens; Agrostis alba; Agrostis stolonifera; Alcea rosea; Alchemilla mollis; Alkanna tinctoria; Allium ampeloprasum; Allium cepa; Allium fistulosum; Allium grande; Allium porrum; Allium sativum; Allium schoenoprasum; Allium tuberosum; Allium victorialis; Aloe vera; Alpinia officinarum; Althaea officinalis; Amaranthus caudatus; Amaranthus retroflexus; Amaranthus tricolor; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Amelanchier anifolia; Amelanchier canadensis; Amelanchier sanguinea; Amelanchier sanguinea×A. laevis; Amsonia tabernaemontana; Ananas comosus; Anaphalis margaritacea; Anethum graveolens; Angelica archangelica; Angelica dahurica; Angelica sinensis; Anthemis tinctoria; Anthoxanthum odoratum; Anthriscus cerefolium; Anthurium guildingii; Apium graveolens; Apocynum cannabinum; Arachis hypogaea; Aralia cordata; Aralia nudicaulis; Arctium lappa; Arctium minus; Arctostaphylos uva-ursi; Armoracia rusticana; Aronia melanocarpa; Aronia×prunifolia; Arrhenatherum elatius; Artemisia abrotanum; Artemisia absinthium; Artemisia dracunculus; Artemisia ludoviciana; Artemisia vulgaris; Asarum europaeum; Asclepias incarnata; Asclepias tuberosa; Asparagus officinalis; Aster spp.; Astilbe×arendsii; Astilboides tabularis; Athyrium asperum; Atriplex hortensis; Atropa belladonna; Avena sativa; Averrhoa carambola; Baptisia tinctoria; Beckmannia erucifomis; Begonia convolvulacea; Begonia eminii; Begonia glabra; Begonia mannii; Begonia polygonoides; Bellis perennis; Berberis vulgaris; Beta vulgaris; Betula alleghaniensis; Betula glandulosa; Boesenbergia rotunda; Boletus edulis; Borago officinalis; Brassica cepticepa; Brassica juncea; Brassica napus; Brassica nigra; Brassica oleracea; Brassica rapa; Bromus inermis; Buddleja davidii; Bupleurum falcatum; Butomus umbellatus; Caladium spp.; Calamagrostis arundiflora; Calamintha nepeta; Calendula officinalis; Camellia sinensis; Campanula rapunculus; Canna indica; Cantharellus cibarius; Capsella bursa-pastoris; Capsicum annuum; Capsicum frutescens; Carex morrowii; Carica papaya; Carthamus tinctorius; Carum carvi; Carya cordiformis; Castanea spp.; Centaurea solstitialis; Cerastium tomentosum; Chaerophyllum bulbosum; Chamaemelum nobile; Chelidonium majus; Chenopodium album; Chenopodium bonus-henricus; Chenopodium quinoa; Chrysanthemum coronarium; Cicer arietinum; Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia; Cichorium intybus; Cinnamomum verum; Cirsium arvense; Cissus discolor; Citrullus colocynthis; Citrullus lanatus; Citrus limettoides; Citrus limon; Citrus reticulata; Citrus sinensis; Citrus×paradisi; Clematis armandii; Clematis chiisanensis; Coccoloba caracasana; Cocos nucifera; Coix lacryma-jobi; Colocasia spp.; Convallaria majalis; Conyza canadensis; Corchorus olitorius; Coriandrum sativum; Cornus canadensis; Cornus mas; Cosmos sulphureus; Cotinus coggygria; Crataegus sanguinea; Crataegus spp.; Crataegus submollis; Crithmum maritimum; Cryptotaenia canadensis; Cucumis anguria; Cucumis melo; Cucumis metuliferus; Cucumis sativus; Cucurbita maxima; Cucurbita
    Figure US20040175439A1-20040909-P00999
    Curcuma zedoaria; Cydonia oblonga; Cymbopogon citratus; Cymbopogon martinii; Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus; Cyperus esculentus; Dactylis glomerata; Datisca cannabina; Datura metel; Datura stramonium; Daucus carota; Digitalis purpurea; Dimocarpus longan; Dioscorea batatas; Diospyros kaki; Dipsacus sativus; Dirca palustris; Dolichos lablab; Dryopteris filix-mas; Echinacea purpurea; Echinochloa frumentacea; Eleusine coracana; Equisetum hyemale; Erigeron speciosus; Eriobotrya japonica; Eruca vesicaria; Erysimum perofskianum; Eschscholzia californica; Fagopyrum esculentum; Fagopyrum tataricum; Festuca rubra; Filipendula rubra; Filipendula ulmaria; ° Filipendula vulgaris; Foeniculum vulgare; Forsythia×intermedia; Fortunella spp.; Fragaria×ananassa; Frangula alnus; Fucus vesiculosus; Fumaria officinalis; Galinsoga quadriradiata; Galium odoratum; Gaultheria hispidula; Gaultheria procumbens; Genista multibracteata; Gentiana lutea; Gentiana macrophylla; Geum rivale; Ginkgo biloba; Glechoma hederacea; Glyceria maxima; Glycine max; Glycyrrhiza glabra; Gossypium herbaceum; Guizotia abyssinica; Hamamelis virginiana; Hedeoma pulegioides; Hedychium spp.; Helianthus annuus; Helianthus strumosus; Helianthus tuberosus; Helichrysum angustifolium; Helichrysum thianschanicum; Heliotropium arborescens; Helleborus niger; Herba schizonepetae; Hibiscus cannabinus; Hordeum hexastichon; Hordeum vulgare; Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare; Houttuynia cordata; Humulus lupulus; Hydrastis canadensis; Hylotelephium spp.; Hymenoxys hoopesii; Hyoscyamus niger; Hypericum henryi; Hypericum perforatum; Hypericum spp.; Hypomyces lactifluorum; Hyssopus officinalis; Iberis amara; Iberis sempervirens; Inula helenium; Ipomoea batatas; Iris versicolor; Isatis tinctoria; Jeffersonia diphylla; Juglans nigra; Juniperus communis; Kochia scoparia; Koeleria glauca; Kolkwitzia amabilis; Krameria lappacea; Lactuca sativa; Lactuca serriola; Laportea canadensis; Laserpitium latifolium; Lathyrus sativus; Lathyrus sylvestris; Laurus nobilis; Lavandula angustifolia; Lavandula latifolia; Ledum groenlandicum; Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris; Lentinus edodes; Leonurus cardiaca; Lepidium sativum; Leucanthemum vulgare; Levisticum officinale; Ligularia dentata; Ligustrum vulgare; Linaria vulgaris; Lindera benzoin; Linum usitatissimum; Litchi chinensis; Lolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne; Lonicera ramosissima; Lonicera syringantha; Lotus corniculatus; Lotus tetragonolobus; Lunaria annua; Lupinus polyphyllus; Luzula sylvatica; Lychiis chalcedonica; Lycopersicon esculentum; Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium; Lysimachia clethroides; Lythrum salicaria; Madia sativa; Magnolia stellata; Malus hupehensis; Malus prunifolia; Malus spp.; Malva
    Figure US20040175439A1-20040909-P00999
    Matricaria recutita; Matricaria spp.; Medicago sativa; Melaleuca alternifolia; Melilotus albus; Melilotus officinalis; Melissa officinalis; Mentha arvensis; Mentha pulegium; Mentha spicata; Mentha suaveolens; Mentha×piperita; Menyanthes trifoliata; Microlepia platyphylla; Miscanthus sacchariflorus; Miscanthus sinensis; Momordica charantia; Monarda didyma; Monarda fistulosa; Monarda spp.; Musa×paradisiaca; Myrica pensylvanica; Nasturtium officinale; Nepeta cataria; Nicotiana rustica; Nicotiana tabacum; Nigella sativa; Ocimum Basilicum; Oenothera biennis; Onobrychis viciifolia; Ophiopogon japonicus; Opuntia spp.; Origanum majorana; Origanum vulgare; Oryza sativa; Oxalis deppei; Oxyria digyna; Paeonia rubra; Paeonia spp.; Panax quinquefolius; Panicum miliaceum; Passiflora caerulea; Passiflora spp.; Pastinaca sativa; Pennisetum alopecuroides; Perilla frutescens; Persea americana; Petasites japonicus; Petroselinum crispum; Peucedanum cervaria; Peucedanum oreaselinum; Pfaffia paniculata; Phacelia tanacetifolia; Phalaris arundinacea; Phalaris canariensis; Phaseolus acutifolius; Phaseolus coccineus; Phaseolus vulgaris; Philadelphus coronarius; Phleum pratense; Phlox paniculata; Phoenix dactylifera; Physalis grisea; Physalis philadelphica; Physalis spp.; Physostegia virginiana; Phytolacca americana; Pimpinella anisum; Pisum sativum; Plantago coronopus; Plantago major; Plectranthus fruticosus; Plectranthus spp.; Pleurotus spp.; Plumbago zeylanica; Poa compressa; Poa pratensis; Podophyllum peltatum; Polygonatum odoratum; Polygonum aviculare; Polygonum chinense; Polygonum pensylvanicum; Polygonum persicaria; Pongamia pinnata; Pontederia cordata; Populus incrassata; Populus tremula; Populus×petrowskyana; Portulaca oleracea; Potentila anserina; Poterium sanguisorba; Primula veris; Prunella vulgaris; Prunus arneniaca; Prunus cerasus; Prunus persica; Prunus spp.; Prunus tomentosa; Psathyrostachys juncea; Psidium guajava; Psidium spp.; Pteridium aquilinum; Pulmonaria officinalis; Pulmonaria saccharata; Punica granatum; Pyrus communis; Pyrus pyrifolia; Raphanus raphanistrum; Raphanus sativus; Rehmannia glutinosa; Reseda luteola; Reseda odorata; Rheum officinale; Rheum palmatum; Rheum×hybridum; Rhus aromatica; Rhus trilobata; Ribes grossularia; Ribes nigrum; Ribes rubrum; Ribes sylvestre; Ribes uva-crispa; Ribes×nidigrolaria; Ricinus communis; Rosa rugosa; Rosmarinus officinalis; Rubus allegheniensis; Rubus canadensis; Rubus idaeus; Rubus occidentalis; Rubus thibetanus; Rumex acetosa; Rumex acetosella; Rumex crispus; Rumex patientia; Rumex scutatus; Ruta graveolens; Saccharum officinarum; Salix purpurea; Salvia elegans; Salvia officinalis; Salvia sclarea; Salvia sylvestris; Sambucus canadensis; Sambucus ebulus; Sambucus nigra; Sanguisorba minor; Sanguisorba officinalis; Santolina chamaecyparissus; Saponaria officinalis; Satureja hortensis; Satureja montana; Satureja repandra; Scolymus hispanicus; Scorzonera hispanica; Scrophularia nodosa; Scutellaria lateriflora; Secale cereale; Sechium edule; Senecio vulgaris; Serenoa repens; Serratula tinctoria; Sesamum indicum; Setaria italica; Sidalcea spp.; Silene vulgaris; Silybum marianum; Sinapis alba subsp. alba; Sium sisarum; Solanum dulcamara; Solanrum melongena; Solanum scabrum; Solanum tuberosum; Solidago canadensis; Solidago spp.; Solidago virgaurea; Solidago×hybrida; Sonchus oleraceus; Sorghum bicolor; Sorghum×drummondii; Spinacia oleracea; Stachys affinis; Stachys byzantina; Stachys macrantha; Stellaria graminea; Stellaria media; Stipa capillata; Symphytum officinale; Tamarindus indica; Tanacetum balsamita; Tanacetum balsamita subsp. balsamita; Tanacetum cinerariifolium; Tanacetum parthenium; Tanacetum vulgare; Taraxacum officinale; Tetradenia riparia; Teucrium chamaedrys; Thalictrum aquilegiifolium; Thlaspi arvense; Thuja occidentalis; Thymus fragantissimus; Thymus herba-barona; Thymus praecox subsp. arcticus; Thymus pseudolanuginosus; Thymus serpyllum; Thymus vulgaris; Thymus×citriodorus; Tiarella cordifolia; Tiarella spp.; Tragopogon porrifolius; Tragopogon spp.; Trichosanthes kirilowii; Trifolium hybridum; Trifolium incarnatum; Trifolium pannonicum; Trifolium pratense; Trifolium repens; Trigonella foenum-graecum; Triticum aestivum; Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta; Triticum turgidum; Trollius×cultorum; Tropaeolum majus; Tsuga canadensis; Tsuga diversifolia; Tsuga mertensiana; Tussilago farfara; Typha latifolia; Ulmus americana; Urtica dioica; Uvularia perfoliata; Vaccinium angustifolium; Vaccinium corymbosum; Vaccinium macrocarpon; Valeriana officinalis; Valerianella locusta; Veratrum viride; Verbascum thapsus; Verbena officinalis; Veronica officinalis; Viburnum opulus; Vicia faba; Vicia sativa; Vicia villosa; Vigna angularis; Vigna mungo; Vigna unguiculata; Vinca minor; Vitis spp.; Weigela coraeensis; Weigela hortensis; Withania somnifera;×Triticosecale spp.; Xanthium sibiricum; Xanthium strumarium; Yucca filamentosa; Zea mays; Zingiber officinale; Achillea ptarmica; Ajuga reptans; Aster spp; Astilbe chinensis; Bergenia×schmidtii; Brassica chinensis; Butomus umbellatus; Buxus microphylla; Carpinus caroliniana; Centaurea dealbata; Chaenomeles×superba; Clematis alpina; Coreopsis verticillata; Comus alba; Comus sericea; Corylus maxima; Crambe cordifolia; Cyperus altemifolius; Dahlia spp.; Euphorbia amygdaloides; Fuchsia spp.; Fuchsia magellanica; Galium aparine; Geranium sanguineum; Geranium phaeum; Geranium pratense; Geranium sanguineum; Geranium×cantabrigiense; Glaux Maritima; Hamamelis mollis; Hedychium coronarium; Helenium spp.; Herba Schizonepetae; Hosta sieboldiana; Hydrangea quercifolia; Ipomoea aquatica; Lamiastrum galeobdolon; Magnolia×loebneri; Malva verticillata; Matteuccia pensylvanica; Microbiata decussata; Montia perfoliata; Ocimum tenuiflorum; Oenothera fruticosa subsp fruticosa; Onoclea sensibilis; paeonia suffruticosa; Penstemon digitalis; Petasites japonicus; Physalis alkekengi; Pinus cembra; Pinus mugo; Potentilla fruticosa; Rhododendron spp.; ribes americanum; Rodgersia spp.; Rodgersia podophylla; Rubus arcticus; Rubus phoenicolasius; Rubus pubescens; Rudbeckia maxima; Sempervivum tectorum; Soleirolia soleirolii; Solidago caesia; Staphylea trifolia; Stephanandra incisa; Stewartia pseudocamellia; Strelitzia reginae; Symphoricarpos orbiculatus; Symphoricarpos albus; Taxus×media; Vernonia gigantea; Veronica austriaca ssp teucrium; Veronica beccabunga; Viburnum plicatum.
  • It is further contemplated by this invention that any plant may be employed in the method as a potential plant. For example, plants belonging to the following classifications may optionally be employed in order to prepare an extract of the invention when such extracts are demonstrated to posess inhibitory activities against extracellular proteases: Superdivision Spermatophyta—Seed plants Division Coniferophyta—Conifers Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Family Araucariaceae—Araucaria family Family Cephalotaxaceae—Plum Yew family Family Cupressaceae—Cypress family Family Pinaceae—Pine family Family Podocarpaceae—Podocarpus family Family Taxodiaceae—Redwood family Order Taxales Family Taxaceae—Yew family Division Cycadophyta—Cycads Class Cycadopsida Order Cycadales Family Cycadaceae—Cycad family Family Zamiaceae—Sago-palm family Division Ginkgophyta—Ginkgo Class Ginkgoopsida Order Ginkgoales Family Ginkgoaceae—Ginkgo family Division Gnetophyta—Mormon tea and other gnetophytes Class Gnetopsida Order Ephedrales Family Ephedraceae—Mormon-tea family Order Gnetales Family Gnetaceae—Gnetum family Division Magnoliophyta—Flowering plants Class Liliopsida—Monocotyledons Subclass Alismatidae Order Alismatales Family Alismataceae—Water-plantain family Family Butomaceae—Flowering Rush family Family Limnocharitaceae—Water-poppy family Order Hydrocharitales Family Hydrocharitaceae—Tape-grass family Order Najadales Family Aponogetonaceae—Cape-pondweed family Family Cymodoceaceae—Manatee-grass family Family Juncaginaceae—Arrow-grass family Family Najadaceae—Water-nymph family Family Posidoniaceae—Posidonia family Family Potamogetonaceae—Pondweed family Family Ruppiaceae—Ditch-grass family Family Scheuchzeriaceae—Scheuchzeria family Family Zannichelliaceae—Horned pondweed family Family Zosteraceae—Eel-grass family Subclass Arecidae Order Arales Family Acoraceae—Calamus family Family Araceae—Arum family Family Lemnaceae—Duckweed family Order Arecales Family Arecaceae—Palm family Order Cyclanthales Family Cyclanthaceae—Panama Hat family Order Pandanales Family Pandanaceae—Screw-pine family Subclass Commeiinidae Order Commelinales Family Commelinaceae—Spiderwort family Family Mayacaceae—Mayaca family Family Xyridaceae—Yellow-eyed Grass family Order Cyperales Family Cyperaceae—Sedge family Family Poaceae—Grass family Order Eriocaulales Family Eriocaulaceae—Pipewort family Order Juncales Family Juncaceae—Rush family Order Restionales Family Joinvilleaceae—Joinvillea family Order Typhales Family Sparganiaceae—Bur-reed family Family Typhaceae—Cat-tail family Subclass Liliidae Order Liliales Family Agavaceae—Century-plant family Family Aloeaceae—Aloe family Family Dioscoreaceae—Yam family Family Haemodoraceae Bloodwort family Family Hanguanaceae—Hanguana family Family Iridaceae—Iris family Family Liliaceae—Lily family Family Philydraceae—Philydraceae family Family Pontederiaceae—Water-Hyacinth family Family Smilacaceae—Catbrier family Family Stemonaceae—Stemona family Family Taccaceae—Tacca family Order Orchidales Family Burmanniaceae——Burmannia family Family Orchidaceae—Orchid family Subclass Zingiberidae Order Bromeliales Family Bromeliaceae—Bromeliad family Order Zingiberales Family Cannaceae —Canna family Family Costaceae—Costus family Family Heliconiaceae—Heliconia family Family Marantaceae—Prayer-Plant family Family Musaceae—Banana family Family Zingiberaceae—Ginger family Class Magnoliopsida—Dicotyledons Subclass Asteridae Order Asterales Family Asteraceae—Aster family Order Callitrichales Family Callitrichaceae—Water-starwort family Family Hippuridaceae—Mare's-tail family Order Calycerales Family Calyceraceae—Calycera family Order Campanulales Family Campanulaceae—Beilflower family Family Goodeniaceae—Goodenia family Family Sphenocleaceae—Spenoclea family Order Dipsacales Family Adoxaceae—Moschatel family Family Caprifoliaceae—Honeysuckle family Family Dipsacaceae—Teasel family Family Valerianaceae—Valerian family Order Gentianales Family Apocynaceae—Dogbane family Family Asclepiadaceae—Milkweed family Family Gentianaceae—Gentian family Family Loganiaceae—Logania family Order Lamiales Family Boraginaceae—Borage family Family Lamiaceae—Mint family Family Lennoaceae—Lennoa family Family Verbenaceae—Verbena family Order Plantaginales Family Plantaginaceae—Plantain family Order Rubiales Family Rubiaceae—Madder family Order Scrophulariales Family Acanthaceae—Acanthus family Family Bignoniaceae—Trumpet-creeper family Family Buddlejaceae—Butterfly-bush family Family Gesneriaceae—Gesneriad family Family Lentibulariaceae—Bladderwort family Family Myoporaceae—Myoporum family Family Oleaceae—Olive family Family Orobanchaceae—Broom-rape family Family Pedaliaceae—Sesame family Family Scrophulariaceae—Figwort family Order Solanales Family Convolvulaceae—Morning-glory family Family Cuscutaceae—Dodder family Family Fouquieriaceae—Ocotillo family Family Hydrophyllaceae—Waterleaf family Family Menyanthaceae—Buckbean family Family Polemoniaceae—Phlox family Family Solanaceae—Potato family Subclass Caryophyllidae Order Caryophyllales Family Achatocarpaceae—Achatocarpus family Family Aizoaceae—Fig-marigold family Family Amaranthaceae—Amaranth family Family Basellaceae—Basella family Family Cactaceae—Cactus family Family Caryophyllaceae—Pink family Family Chenopodiaceae—Goosefoot family Family Molluginaceae—Carpet-weed family Family Nyctaginaceae—Four o'clock family Family Phytolaccaceae—Pokeweed family Family Portulacaceae—Purslane family Order Plumbaginales Family Plumbaginaceae—Leadwort family Order Polygonales Family Polygonaceae—Buckwheat family Subclass Dilleniidae Order Batales Family Bataceae—Saltwort family Order Capparales Family Brassicaceae—Mustard family Family Capparaceae—Caper family Family Moringaceae—Horse-radish tree family Family Resedaceae—Mignonette family Order Diapensiales Family Diapensiaceae—Diapensia family Order Dilleniales Family Dilleniaceae—Dillenia family Family Paeoniaceae—Peony family Order Ebenales Family Ebenaceae—Ebony family Family Sapotaceae—Sapodilla family Family Styracaceae—Storax family Family Symplocaceae—Sweetleaf family Order Ericales Family Clethraceae—Clethra family Family Cyrillaceae—Cyrilla family Family Empetraceae—Crowberry family Family Epacridaceae—Epacris family Family Ericaceae—Heath family Family Monotropaceae—Indian Pipe family Family Pyrolaceae—Shinleaf family Order Lecythidales Family Lecythidaceae—Brazil-nut family Order Malvales Family Bombacaceae—Kapok-tree family Family Elaeocarpaceae—Elaeocarpus family Family Malvaceae—Mallow family Family Sterculiaceae—Cacao family Family Tiliaceae—Linden family Order Nepenthales Family Droseraceae—Sundew family Family Nepenthaceae—East Indian Pitcher-plant family Family Sarraceniaceae—Pitcher-plant family Order Primulales Family Myrsinaceae—Myrsine family Family Primulaceae—Primrose family Family Theophrastaceae—Theophrasta family Order Salicales Family Salicaceae—Willow family Order Theales Family Actinidiaceae—Chinese Gooseberry family Family Caryocaraceae—Souari family Family Clusiaceae—Mangosteen family Family Dipterocarpaceae—Meranti family Family Elatinaceae—Waterwort family Family Marcgraviaceae—Shingle Plant family Family Ochnaceae—Ochna family Family Theaceae—Tea family Order Violales Family Begoniaceae—Begonia family Family Bixaceae—Lipstick-tree family Family Caricaceae—Papaya family Family Cistaceae—Rock-rose family Family Cucurbitaceae—Cucumber family Family Datiscaceae—Datisca family Family Flacourtiaceae—Flacourtia family Family Frankeniaceae—Frankenia family Family Loasaceae—Loasa family Family Passifloraceae—Passion-flower family Family Tamaricaceae—Tamarix family Family Turneraceae—Tumera family Family Violaceae—Violet family Subclass Hamamelidae Order Casuarinales Family Casuarinaceae—She-oak family Order Fagales Family Betulaceae—Birch family Family Fagaceae—Beech family Order Hamamelidales Family Cercidiphyllaceae—Katsura-tree family Family Hamamelidaceae—Witch-hazel family Family Platanaceae—Plane-tree family Order Juglandales Family Juglandaceae—Walnut family Order Leitneriales Family Leitneriaceae—Corkwood family Order Myricales Family Myricaceae—Bayberry family Order Urticales Family Cannabaceae—Hemp family Family Cecropiaceae—Cecropia family Family Moraceae—Mulberry family Family Ulmaceae—Elm family Family Urticaceae—Nettle family Subclass Magnoliidae Order Aristolochiales Family Aristolochiaceae—Birthwort family Order Illiciales Family Illiciaceae—Star-anise family Family Schisandraceae—Schisandra family Order Laurales Family Calycanthaceae—Strawberry-shrub family Family Hernandiaceae—Hernandia family Family Lauraceae—Laurel family Family Monimiaceae—Monimia family Order Magnoliales Family Annonaceae—Custard-apple family Family Canellaceae—Canella family Family Magnoliaceae—Magnolia family Family Myristicaceae—Nutmeg family Family Sonneratiaceae—Sonneratia family Family Winteraceae—Wintera family Order Nymphaeales Family Cabombaceae—Water-shield family Family Ceratophyllaceae—Hornwort family Family Nelumbonaceae—Lotus-lily family Family Nymphaeaceae—Water-lily family Order Papaverales Family Fumariaceae—Fumitory family Family Papaveraceae—Poppy family Order Piperales Family Chloranthaceae—Chloranthus family Family Piperaceae—Pepper family Family Saururaceae—Lizard's-tail family Order Ranunculales Family Berberidaceae—Barberry family Family Lardizabalaceae—Lardizabala family Family Menispermaceae—Moonseed family Family Ranunculaceae—Buttercup family Family Sabiaceae—Sabia family Subclass Rosidae Order Apiales Family Apiaceae—Carrot family Family Araliaceae—Ginseng family Order Celastrales Family Aquifoliaceae—Holly family Family Celastraceae—Bittersweet family Family Corynocarpaceae—Karaka family Family Hippocrateaceae—Hippocratea family Family Icacinaceae—Icacina family Family Stackhousiaceae—Stackhousia family Order Cornales Family Cornaceae—Dogwood family Family Garryaceae—Silk Tassel family Family Nyssaceae—Sour Gum family Order Euphorbiales Family Buxaceae—Boxwood family Family Euphorbiaceae—Spurge family Family Simmondsiaceae—Jojoba family Order Fabales Family Fabaceae—Pea family Order Geraniales Family Balsaminaceae—Touch-me-not family Family Geraniaceae—Geranium family Family Limnanthaceae—Meadow-Foam family Family Oxalidaceae—Wood-Sorrel family Family Tropaeolaceae—Nasturtium family Order Haloragales Family Gunneraceae—Gunnera family Family Haloragaceae—Water Milfoil family Order Linales Family Erythroxylaceae—Coca family Family Linaceae—Flax family Order Myrtales Family Combretaceae—Indian Almond family Family Lythraceae—Loosestrife family Family Melastomataceae—Melastome familyFamily Myrtaceae—Myrtle family Family Onagraceae—Evening Primrose family Family Punicaceae—Pomegranate family Family Thymelaeaceae—Mezereum family Family Trapaceae—Water Chestnut family Order Podostemales Family Podostemaceae—River-weed family Order Polygalales Family Krameriaceae—Krameria family Family Malpighiaceae—Barbados Cherry family Family Polygalaceae—MiLlwort family Order Proteales Family Proteaceae—Protea family Order Rafflesiales Family Rafflesiaceae—Rafflesia family Order Rhamnales Family Elaeagnaceae—Oleaster family Family Rhamnaceae—Buckthom family Family Vitaceae—Grape family Order Rhizophorales Family Rhizophoraceae—Red Mangrove family Order Rosales Family Brunelliaceae—Brunellia family Family Chrysobalanaceae—Cocoa-plum family Family Connaraceae—Cannarus family Family Crassulaceae—Stonecrop family Family Crossosomataceae—Crossosoma family Family Cunoniaceae—Cunonia family Family Grossulariaceae—Currant family Family Hydrangeaceae—Hydrangea family Family Pittosporaceae—Pittosporum family Family Rosaceae—Rose family Family Saxifragaceae—Saxifrage family Family Surianaceae—Suriana family Order Santalales Family Balanophoraceae—Balanophora family Family Eremolepidaceae—Catkin-mistletoe family Family Loranthaceae—Showy Mistletoe family Family Olacaceae—Olax family Family Santalaceae—Sandalwood family Family Viscaceae—Christmas Mistletoe family Order Sapindales Family Aceraceae—Maple family Family Anacardiaceae—Sumac family Family Burseraceae—Frankincense family Family Hippocastanaceae—Horse-chestnut family Family Meliaceae—Mahogany family Family Rutaceae—Rue family Family Sapindaceae—Soapberry family Family Simaroubaceae—Quassia family Family Staphyleaceae—Bladdemut family Family Zygophyllaceae—Creosote-bush family. [0057]
  • In one embodment, potential plants comprise: Atropa Belladonna, Erythrinia glabeliferus, Ipomea tricolor, Erythrinia crista, Celosia cristata, Gallium sporiurn, Laurus nobilis, Vitis labrissa, Gratiola officinalis, Symphitium officinalis, Hosta fortuna, Casia hebecarpa, Thalictum flavum, Scutellarian altissima, Portulaca oleacea, Scutellaria certicola, Physalis creticola, Geum fanieri, Gentiana tibetica, Linium hirsutum, Aconitum napellus, Podophyllum amodii Thymus cretaceus, Hosta fortunaea, Carlina acaulis, Chamaechrista fasciculata, Pinus pinea, Pegamun hamalis, Tamarindus india, Carica papaya, Cistus incanus, Capparis spinosa inernis, Cupress lusitanica, Diopiros kaka, Erungium campestre, Aesculus woerlitzenis, Aesculus hippocastanum, Cupressus sempervirens, Celtis occidentalis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Eleagnus angustifolia, Eleagnus cemutata, Gentiana macrophilla, Brassica napa, Sesbania exaltata, Sesbania speciosa, Spartina potentiflora, Brassica juncea, Helianthus annus, Puansetia sp., [0058] Pelargoniurn zonale, Sundapsis spp., Leontopodium alpinum, Lupinus luteaus, Buxus microphilla “japonica”, Liatris spinata, Rimula japonica, Betula nigra, Filipendula vulgrais, Lobelia siphitica, Gravilia robusta, Reseda luteola, Gentiana littorala, Campanula carpatica, Aesculus hypocastanum, Aesculus waertilensis, Ageratum conizoides, Psidium guajava, Ailantus altissima, Buxus microphylla “japonica”, Hydrocotile asiatica, Gravilea robusta, Brugmansia suaveolens, Thymus puliglodes, Thymus lemabarona, Thymus serphylum (wild), Gaultheria procumbens, Thymus serphylum, Thymus camosus, Thymus thrasicus, Caiicatus floridus, Zingiber officinalis, Lapia dulcis, Thymus vulgaris “argenteus”, Thymus praecox “arcticus”, Thymus puleglodes “lemons”, Thymus speciosa, Thymus camosus, Thymus pseudolamginosus, Thymus praecox, Thymus vulgaris “oregano”, Ficus religiosa, Forsithsia suspensa, Chelidonium majus, Thymus wooly, Thymus portugalense, Nicotiana tabacum, Thymus cytridorus “aureus”, Thymus vulgaris, Cactus officinalis, Lal lab purpurea, Juglands regia, Actinidia chinensis, Hemerocalis spp., Betula pendula, Gardenia jasminoides, Taxodium dixticum, Magnolia loebheril, Crataegus praegophyrum, Larix dedidua, Tuja orientalis “eligantissima”, Tula ocidentalis “columbia”, Xeupressocyparis deylandii, Pseudotsuga menzisia, Abies firma, Fautenousus qualiqualia, Alium cernum (wild), Juniperus “blue pacific”, Taraxacum officinalis, Juca sp., Ilex agnifolium, Tsuga canadensis “penola”, Ilex cornuta, Taxus hiksii, Taxus media, Metasequoia glyptotrobioldes, Pinus bungiana, Boxus sempervirens, Stevartia coreana, Prunus xocane, Betula daurica, Plantago minor, Acer palmatum “burgundy”, Acer campestre, Cotynus cogygria, Quercus robur “fastigiata”, Acer truncatum, Archirantus bidentata, Alum japonica, Carum capsicum, Agastache mexuicana, Prunella vulgaris, Tagetes minuta, Nepeta cataria, Ratibiunda columnus-Fera, Aster-Nova anglicae, Mirica certifera, Pittisporum tibica, Taxodium dixticum (H2O), Taxodium dixticum (Acetic acid), Plantago major, Scotch pine, Asorum canadensis, Pieras japonica, Pinus sirtrobus, Trifolium pratense, Prunus serotica, Darura stramonium, Geranium maculata, Hydrocotile asiatica, Astragulus sinicus, Centauria maculata, Ruschia indurata, Myrthus comunis, Platanus acidentalis, Liclum barbatum, Lavandula officinalis, Gravilea robusta, Hyppoach rhamnoides, Filipendula ulmaria, Betula pendula, Polygonium odoratum, Brugmansi graveolens (ralf), Rhus toxicodenta, Armoraica ristica, Ficus benjaminii, Sluffera sp., Pelagonium zonale, Allium sp., Asimina triloba, Lippa dulcis, Epilobium augustifolium, Brugmansia suaveolens (old), Brugmansia suaveolens (young), Xanthosoma sagittifolium (leaf), Xanthosoma sagittifolium (stem), Monstera deliciosa, Aglaonema commutatus, Dieffenbachia leopoldii, Anthurium andreanum, Syngoniurn podophyllum, Dracaena fragrans, Ananas comosus, Strelitzia reglinae, Dieffenbachia segiunae, Syngonium aurutum, Dracaena sp., Hhaemanthus katharina, Anthurium altersianum, Spathiphyllum grandiflorum, Spathiphyllum cochlearispatum, Monstera pertusa, Anthurium magnificum, Anthurium hookeri, Anthurium elegans, Calathea zebrina, Yucca elephantipes, Bromelia balansae, Musa textilis (Leaf), Musa textilis (Stem), Myrtius communis, Olea olcaster, Olea europaea, Verium oleander, Cocculus laurifolius, Microsorium punctatum, Ficus sp., Senseviera sp., Adansonia digitata, Boechimeria boloba, Piper nigrum, Phymatosorus scolopendria, Turnera ulrnifolia, Nicodemia diversifolia, Tapeinochilos spectabilis, Rauwolfia tetraphylla, Ficus elastica, Cycas cirinalis, Caryota ureus, Cynnamonum zeylonicum, Aechmea luddemoniana, Foenix zeulonica, Ficus benjamina, Ficus purnila, Murraya exotica, Trevesia sungaica, Clerodendrum speciossicum, Actinidi colonicta, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia suffructicisa, Quercus imbricaria, Iris alida, Portulaca olleracea, Poligonum aviculare, Iris pseudocarpus, Allium nutans, Allium fistulosum, Antericum ramosum, Veratrum nigrum, Poligomun latifolia, Hosta lancefolia, Hosta zibalda, Echinops sphae, Paeonia daurica, Inula hilenium, Trambe pontica, Digitalis lutea, Bactisia australis, Austolachia australis, Hissopus zeraucharicus, Feucrium hamedris, Sedum album, Heraclelum pubescens, Origanum vulgare, Cachris alpina, Haser trilobum,
    Figure US20040175439A1-20040909-P00999
    Anemona japonica, Clematis rectae, Talictrum sp., Alchemilla sp., Potentilla alba, Poterium sangiusorba, Minispermum dauricum, Oxobachus nictogenea, Armoracea rusticana, Cramble cardifolia, Agrimonia eupatora, Uschusa sp., Polymonium ceruleum, Valeriana officinalis, Pulmonaria molissima, Stachis lanata, Coronolla varia, Platicada grandiflora, Lavandula officinalis, Vincetoesicum officinalis, Acolypha hispida, Gnetum guemon, Psychotria nigropunctata, Psychotria metbacteriodomasica, Cobiaeum varilarturn, Phyllanthus grandifolium, Pterigota alata, Pachyra affinis, Sterulia elata, Phylidendron speciosus, Pithecelobium unguis, Sanchezia nobilis, Oreopanax capitata, Ficus triangularis, Pigelia pennata, Piper chaba, Laurus nobilis, Erythrinia caffra, Metrosideros excelsa, Osmanthus spp., Cupressus sempervirens, Jacobinia sp., Senecio platifilla, Livistona fragrans, Tetraclinis articulata hinensis, Eucaliptus rudis, Podocarpus spinulosus, Eriobotria japonica, Gingko biloba, Rhododendron spp., Thuja occidentalis, Fagopyrum suffruticosum, Geum macrophyllum, Magnolia cobus, Vinca minor, Convalaria majalis, Corylus avelana, Barbaric sp., Rosa multiflora, Ostrea carpinifolia, Ostrea connote, Quercus rubra, Tulip tree, Sorbus aucuparia, Betula nigra (leaf), Betula nigra (flower), Castanea sativa, Bergenia crassifolia, Artemisia dracunculus, Ruta graveolens, Quercus nigra, Schisandra chinensis, Betula alba, Sambucus niora, Gentiana cruciata, Encephalaris horridum, Phebodium aureum, Microlepia platphylla, Ceratoramia mexicana, Stepochlaena tenuifolia, Adianthum trapezieformis, Adianthum radiatum, Lycodiumjaponicum, Aessopteria crasifolia, Asplenium australasicum, Agatis robusta, Osmunda regalis, Osmundastrum claytonionum, Phyllitis scolopendrium, Polyschium braunii, Crytomium fortunei, Dryopteris filis-max, Equisetum variegatum, Anthyrium nopponicum, Anthyrium filis-femina, Parthenosicus tricuspidata,.Ligustum vulgare, Charnaeciparis pisifera, Rosa cocanica, Citinis coggriaria, Pinus strobus, Celtis occidentalis, Picea schrenkiana, Cydonia oblonga, Ulmus punriila, Euonomus verrucosa, Deutria scabra, Mespilus germanica, Quercus castanufolia, Euonomus europea, Seruginea suffruticisa, Keyleiteria paniculata, Seringa josiceae, Zelcova, carpinifolia, Abies cephalonica, Taccus bacata, Taxus cuspidata, Salis babilonics, Thuja occidentalis, Actinidia colomicta, Magonia agrifolia, Aralis mandshurica, Luglands nigra, Euonimus elata, Princepia sp., Forsitsia europea, Sorbocotoneaster sp., Morus alba, Crategus macrophyllum, Eucomia ulurifolia, Sorbus cominicta, Philodendron amurense, Comus mass, Korria japonica, Parrotia persica, Jasminum frutocarus, Sulda sanganea, Pentaphylloides fruticosa, Sibirea altaiensis, Cerasus japonica, Kolkwitzia amabilis, Amigdalus nana, Acer mandshurica, Salix tamarisifolia, Amelanchier spicata, Cerasus maghabab, Prunus cerasifera, Corvllus avelana, Acer tataricum, Viburnum opulus, Siringa vulgaris, Fraxinus exelsior, Quercus trojana, Chaemomelis superba, Pinus salinifolia, Berberis vulgaris, Cotoneaster horisontalis, Cotoneaster fangianus, Fagus silvatica, Pinus pumila, Pinus silvestris and Berberis thungergi.
  • Another interesting group of plants that can be considered as plants and/or potential plants of the invention comprise the plants that are indigenous to arid regions, for example, those located between 35° north latitude and 35° south latitude. In accordance with the present invention potential extracts and extracts of the invention can be obtained from from plants selected from the group comprising: the agave, Agavaceae, family including such members as: [0059] Yucca elata, Y. breviflora, Agave deserti, A. chrysantha, Dasylirion wheeleri; the buckwheat, Polygonaceae, family, such as Eriogonum fasciculatum; the crowfoot, Ranunculaceae, family, such as Delphinium scaposum, Anemone tuberosa and D. parishii; the poppy, Papaveraceae, family, including Platystemon caiifomicus, Argemone pleiacantha, Corydalis aurea, Eschschoizia californica and Ar. corymbosa; members of the mustard, Cruciferae, family, such as Dithyrea californica, Sireptanthus carinatus and Lesquerella gordoni; members of the legume, Leguminosae, family, such as Acacia greggii, Prosopis velutina, A. constrica, Senna covesii, Cercidium floridum, C. microphyllum, Lotus huminstratus, Krameria parvifolia, Parkinsonia aculeata, Calliendia eriophylla, Lupinus arizonicus, Olyneya tesota, Astragalus lentiginosus, Psorothamunus spinosus and Lupinus sparsiflorus; members of the loasa family, Loasaceae, including Mentzelia involucrata, M. pumila and Mohavea Confertiflora; members of the cactus, Cactaceae, family, such as Camegiea gigantia, Opuntia leptocaulis, Ferocactus wislizenii, O. bigelovii, O. pheacantha, O. versicolor, O. fulgida, Echinocereus engelmannii, Mammillaria microcarpa, O. basilaris, Stenocereins thurberi, O. violacea, M. tetrancistra, O. ramosissima, O. acanthocarpa, E. pectinatins and O. arbuscula; members of the evening primrose, Onagraceae, family, such as Oenothera deltoides, Camissonia claviformis and Oe. primiveris; members of the milkweed, Asclepiadaceae, family, including Asclepias erosa, A. sublata and Sarcostemma cynanchoides; members of the borage, Boraginaceae, family, such as Cryptantha augusti folia and Amsinckia intermedia; members of the sunflower, Compositae, family, including Baccharis sarothroides, Monoptiilon belloides, Erieron divergens, Zinnia acerosa, Melampodium leucanthan, Chaenactis fremontii, Calycoseris wrightii, Malacothrix californica, Helianthus annus, H. niveus, Geraea canescens, Hymenothrix wislizenii, Encelia
    Figure US20040175439A1-20040909-P00999
    californica, Machaeranthera tephrodes, Xylorhiza tortifolia, Cirsiinm neomexicanum, Antennaria parviflora and Ch. douglasii; members of the caltrop, Zygophyllaceae, family, including Larrea tridentata and Kallstroemia grandiflora; members of the mallow, Malvaceae, family, including Hibiscus coulteri, H. denudatus and Sphaeralcea ambigua; members of the phlox, Polemoniaceae, family, such as Luanthus aureus; members of the unicom plant, Martyniaceae, family, such as Proboscidiea altheaefolia; members of the gourd, Cucurbitaceae, family, such as Cucurbita digitata; members of the lily, Lilaceae, family, including Calochortus kennedyi, Dichelostemma pulchellum, Allium macropetalum and Hesperocallis indulata; members of the ocotillo, Fouquieriaceae, family, including Fouquieria splendens; members of the figwort, Scrophulariaceae, family, such as Castilleja sp., Penstemon parryi and Orthocarpus purpurascens; members of the acanthus, Acanthaceae, family, including Anisacanthus thurberi, Justicia califomica and Ruellia nudiflora; members of the four o'clock, Nyctaginaceae, family, such as Allionia incarnata, Abronia villosa and Mirabilis multiflora; members of the geranium, Geraniaceae, family, including Erodium cicutarium; members of the waterleaf, Hydrophyllaceae, family, such as Nama demissum, Phacelia bombycina and Ph. distans; members of the bignonia, Bignoniaceae, family, such as Chilopsis linearis; members of the vervain, Verbenaceae, family, including Glandularia gooddugii and Verbena neomexicana; members of the mint, Labiatae, family, such as Hyptis emoryi and Salvia columbariae; members of the broomrape, Orobanchaceae, family, such as Orobanche cooperi; members of the portulaca, Portulaceae, family, such as Talinum auriantiacum; members of the carpet-weed, Aizoaceae, family, such as Sesuvium verrucosum; members of the flax, Linaceae, family, such as Linum lewisii; members of the potato, Solanaceae, family, including Nicotiana trigonophylla and Physalis lobata; and members of the cochlospermum, Cochlospermaceae, family, such as Amoreuxia palmatifida.
  • Pre-Harvest Treatment [0060]
  • Once a potential plant is selected, a pre-harvest treatment is selected, wherein the treatment can be water or water in combination with a stressor, elicitor, or inducor. One skilled in the art would appreciate to perform the procedure with water and then with a series of stressors in order to determine whether the potential plant becomes an extract of the invention which demonstrates inhibitory activity against one or more extracellular proteases. [0061]
  • In one embodiment this invention relates to altering the amount and/or composition of extracellular protease inhibitory activity by stressing a plant by chemical elicitors which act as stressor agent and activated defence plants pathways as mechanical wounding, drought, heat, or cold before tissue collection and extraction. [0062]
  • In one embodiment, stress involves exposing plants to a solution of one or more chemical elicitors to induce defense metabolic pathways and secondary metabolites prior to collection of plant tissues. Known chemical elicitors reported in the literature include ozone, hydrogen peroxide, jasmonic acid and its derivatives, arachidonic acid, salicylic acid and ester derivatives, alpha—and gamma-linoleic acids, volicitin, peptides, oligopeptides, saccharides, oligosaccharides such as chitosan, and synthetic chemicals such as Benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole-7-carbathioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH). [0063]
  • A stressor may be one or more organic compounds. Some exemplary compounds that may be used as a stressor include Jasmonic acid, Jamonic acid lower alkyl esters, α-linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid lower alkyl esters, γ-linoleic acid, γ-linoleic acid lower alkyl esters, Arachidonic acid, Arachidonic acid lower alkyl esters, salicylic acid. [0064]
  • A stressor may be able to induce abiotic stresses in plants. Thus, for example, plants can be treated with one or more chemical or mechanical stresses prior to tissue collection. Mechanical stress can be performed twelve hours to ten days prior to tissue collection. In one embodiment, mechanical stress can be performed one day to three days prior to tissue collection. In one embodiment, mechanical stress can be performed three to six days prior to tissue collection. In one embodiment, mechanical stress can be performed four to eight days prior to tissue collection. In one embodiment, mechanical stress can be performed six to ten days prior to tissue collection. [0065]
  • Chemical stress can be induced by spraying plant material once or more than once with an aqueous or alcoholic solution of the chemical elicitor one hour to 10 days prior to tissue collection. In one embodiment, chemical stress can be induced one day to three days prior to harvesting the plant tissue; in one embodiment, chemical stress can be induced two to four days prior to harvesting the plant tissue; in one embodiment, chemical stress can be induced five to ten days prior to harvesting the plant tissue. [0066]
  • A chemical stress can be added by feeding a plant with an aqueous or alcoholic solution of the chemical. Likewise, the plants can be stressed by airborne transport of the chemical agents one hour to ten days prior tissue collection. In one embodiment, plants can be treated by spray one day before collection. In one embodiment, such chemical stress can be induced one hour to three days prior to harvesting the plant tissue; in one embodiment, such chemical stress can be induced two to eight days prior to harvesting the plant tissue; in one embodiment, such chemical stress can be induced five to ten days prior to harvesting the plant tissue. [0067]
  • Any combination of the above-mentioned stressors and treatment regiemes can be employed to induce the production or enhanced production of one or more extracellular proteases. One skilled in the art would be able to determine from the results of the assay against the panel of extracellular proteases whether it is desirable to follow one or more of the stressor regiemes. [0068]
  • Harvesting the Plant Material for Extraction and Optional Storage Treatment [0069]
  • The plant material may be used immediately after pre-harvest treatment, or it may be desirable to store the plant material for a period of time, prior to performing the extraction procedure(s). In one embodiment, the plant material could be treated prior to storage. In such cases, the treatment could include drying, freezing, lyophilisizing, or some combination thereof. [0070]
  • Following treatment to prepare the plant material for storage, the plant material may be stored for an extended period of time, prior to contacting the plant material with the first solvent. In one embodiment the plant material is stored less than one week. In one embodiment the plant material is stored from one week to one month. In one embodiment the plant material is stored from one month to six months. In one embodiment the plant material is stored from four months to one year. In one embodiment the plant material is stored longer than one year. [0071]
  • The Extraction Process [0072]
  • As depicted in FIG. 1, there are generally three basic extraction processes which can be performed in sequence to generate potential pre-extracts. The procedure for each Extraction process entails contacting the solid plant material with a solvent with adequate mixing and for an amount of time to ensure adequate exposure of the solid material to the solvent to enable inhibitory activity to be taken up by the solvent. Solvent A, B and C generally represent separate classes of solvents, for example, aqueous, alcoholic and organic. They are generally applied in a polar to non-polar order. They can be applied in a non-polar to polar order, however, in each case the solid matter must be dried prior to contacting the solid matter with the subsequent solvent. The liquid is then separated from the solid (insoluble) matter by a process known to those skilled in the art, to generate two fractions: the liquid fraction which is a potential pre-extract and a solid fraction. [0073]
  • The term “liquid” is used to denote a distinction from the solid, insoluble matter. Thus, a liquid, which may be converted to a gas or function in a gaseous form, as in the case with steam, for example can serve as a solvent. Likewise, other non-solid solvents may be used such as highly viscous liquids or other gaseous solvents, some of which can then be converted into a liquid phase. [0074]
  • A liquid solvent may also indicate a composition or a mixture of solvents. Common examples include a buffered aqueous solution, such as a TRIS-HCl buffer, or an ethanol/methanol combination. [0075]
  • In one embodiment, selected parts of a plant (which can be fresh, dried or frozen) can be crushed either mechanically, using a grinder or any device to break plant parts into small particles, or by freezing them in liquid nitrogen. In another embodiment, plant particles can be extracted with an aqueous TRIS-HCl buffer at pH 6-8, in one embodiment pH 7, from 30 minutes to 8 hours, in one embodiment 30 min to 2 hours, at a temperature between 4 to 50° C., in one [0076] embodiment 4 to 25° C.; in one embodiment, 4-10° C. In one embodiment, extraction can be performed at 4° C. for 30 minutes.
  • The solid material can be separated from the solvent by centrifugation, filtration or any other means known to those of skill in the art to separate solids from a solution, to yield aqueous, alcoholic or organic extract, a potential pre-extract. These potential pre-extracts can can be tested directly by a panel of extracellular proteases for the ability to inhibit extracellular protease activity, and/or subjected to further separation procedures to generate a potential extract as described below. [0077]
  • The remaining solid can be contacted with a second solvent, such as an alcoholic solvent and a cosolvent, methanol or water In one embodiment, ethanol is used as alcoholic solvent, wherein the range of ethanol:methanol, ranges from 50:50 to 85:15, and 10 minute to one hour, in one embodiment 15 to 30 minute extraction time, at a temperature range of 4 to 25° C. in one embodiment, 4 to 10° C. in one embodiment, and 4° C. in another embodiment. Adequate contact of the solvent with the plant material can be encouraged by shaking the solid suspension for 15 min to 24 hour at a temperature ranging from 4 to 50° C. [0078]
  • The alcoholic extract is recovered and separated from the solids by centrifugation (the material which is insoluble in alcohol is used for organic extraction(s)). The potential pre-extract can be dried using a lyophilizer, a speed vac, a rotary evaporator, or a vacuum pump and dried under vacuum in order to remove the solvent. The dried extract can be dissolved in Tis-HCl buffer wherin the pH is between pH 6 to pH 8, in one embodiment and at pH 7 in one embodiment, and assayed against the panel of extracellular proteases for its bioactivity or, as in the case of the aqueous extract, the alcoholic extract can be treated to obtain purified extracts, as described below. [0079]
  • The organic extract can be obtained by shaking the residual solid for one to twenty-four hours in one embodiment, for one to fifteen hours in one embodiment, one to eight in one embodiment, one to four in one embodiment, with an organic solvent such as diethylether, hexane, dichloromethane, or ethylacetate. The solid can be separated by centrifugation or by filtration (regular or suction) and the organic solvent removed by distillation or by using a rotating evaporator. The organic extract can be dissolved in an aqueous buffer, or a mixture of an aqueous buffer and a suitable solvent (such as dimethylsulfoxide), to evaluate its bioactivity. In one embodiment the organic extracts are prepared using dichloromethane as the solvent of extraction, and the extraction is performed at room temperature for 2 hours. [0080]
  • Are included in the invention extracts prepared by all known large, medium and small-scale methods to prepare extracts. [0081]
  • Determination of Extracellular Protease Inhibitory Activity in an Extract [0082]
  • In order to prepare various embodiments of the invention, (i.e., extracts, compositions and formulations with extracellular protease inhibitory activity) one requires techniques for measuring qualitatively and/or quantitatively the presence of such inhibitory activity. One skilled in the art would appreciate that there are numerous methods and techniques for measuring such activity, that can be used to determine, for example, which extracts are of interest and to follow the processing of the active ingredient(s) giving rise to such activity. [0083]
  • Currently, there are several assays to measure MMP, elastase andcathepsins activity (for a review of these methods, see Murphy and Crabbe, In Barrett (ed.) [0084] Methods in Enzymology. Proteolytic Enzymes: Aspartic Acid and Metallopeptidases (New York: Academic Press, 1995)-248: 470. One method, the gelatinolytic assay, is based on the degradation of radio-labelled type I collagen. Although this method is relatively sensitive, it requires the use of radio-labelled specific substrates.
  • Another widely-used technique is the zymography assay. In this assay, MMP, elastase and cathepsins activity is detected by the presence of negatively-stained bands following electrophoresis in substrate-impregnated SDS polyacrylamide gels. The zymography assay is a sensitive and quantitative method for the detection of various MMPs, elastase, cathepsins and TACE in biological samples; nonetheless, it is labour intensive and has a low dynamic range. Zymography, moreover, is not suitable to measure the intrinsic net activity in biological samples: SDS dissociates MMP-TIMP complexes and activates latent enzyme forms. This is particularly important since matrix degradation ultimately depends on the ratio of free active gelatinase to latent proenzyme or TIMP-complexed forms. [0085]
  • A microtitreplate assay has been developed recently (Pacmen et al., (1996) [0086] Biochem. Pharm. 52: 105-111). This assay provides measurement of net biological enzymatic activity of MMP, does not require a radioisotope safety environment, and could be used efficiently for routine measurement of inhibitory activity of MMP; however, it is not likely to be highly efficient as a diagnostic test since the incubation times are long and the sensitivity is much lower than that obtained by standard zymography and radio-labelled substrate assays.
  • Other methods used auto-quenched flourogenic substrates. Many flourogenic substrates have been designed for the quantification of MMPs, elastase, and cathepsins activity throught fluorescent level variation mesuring (reviewed by Nagase and Fields (1996) [0087] Biopolymers 40: 399-416),
  • Fluorescence polarization assays were based on the principle that when fluorescent molecules are excited with plane polarized light, they will emit light in the same polarized plane provided that the molecule remains stationary throughout the excited state. However, if the excited molecule rotates or tumbles during the excited state, then light is emitted in a plane different from the excitation plane. If vertically polarized light is used to excite the fluorophore, the emission light intensity can be monitored in both the original vertical plane and also the horizontal plane. The degree to which the emission intensity moves from the vertical to horizontal plane is related to the mobility of the fluorescently labeled molecule. If fluorescently labeled molecules are very large, they move very little during the excited state interval, and the emitted light remains highly polarized with respect to the excitation plane. If fluorescently labeled molecules are small, they rotate or tumble faster, and the resulting emitted light is depolarized relative to the excitation plane. Therefore, FP can be used to follow any biochemical reaction which results in a change in molecular size of a fluorescently labeled molecule (e.g. protein-DNA interactions; immunoassays; receptor-ligand interactions; degradation reactions). (Adapted from Bolger R, Checovich W. (1994) Biotechniques 17(3):585-9.). [0088]
  • Another method uses the fluorescent activated substrate conversion (FASC) assay described in Canadian Patent No. 2,189,486 (1996) and in St-Pierre et al., (1996) [0089] Cytometry 25: 374-380.
  • The Commercial Process for Preparing Extracts of the Invention [0090]
  • Extracts of the invention can be prepared on a commercial scale by repeating the extraction process that results in an optimal composition of extracts demonstrating an inhibitory activity of interest. As demonstrated in FIG. 3, one would simply scale-up the procedure and include steps of quality control to ensure reproducible results for the resulting extracts. [0091]
  • Methods of Purifying or Fractionating Active Ingredients from Plant Extracts [0092]
  • There are a number of techniques well known in the art for isolating protease inhibitors from natural sourcesFor example, For example, purifications can be performed using centrifugation, ultracentrifugation, filtration, liquid or gas phase chromatography (including size exclusion, affinity, etc.) with or without high pressure, lyophylisation, evaporation, precipitation with various “carriers” (PVPP, carbon, antibody, etc.), or any combination thereof. One skilled in the art, would appreciate how to use the following options, in a sequential fashion, in order to enrich each successive fraction in the activity of interest by following its activity throughout the purification procedure, using one of the assays for the inhibitory activity against an extracellular protease of interest, as defined above. [0093]
  • The present invention also includes compounds, chemicals, active principles, and purified or concentrated extracts that could be obtained by purification, partial purification, and/or fractionation of plant extracts that are subject of the invention. Purification, partial purification, and/or fractionation can be achieved by any methods known by those skilled in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to: solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE), membrane and ultrafiltration, dialysis, chromatography, selective precipitation, electrophoresis, and solvent concentration. [0094]
  • Solid-liquid extraction means include the use of all possible solvents known from those in the art, and covers the use of supercritical solvents, soxhlet extractors, vortex shaker, ultrasounds and any other means to enhance extraction, as well as recovery by filtration, centrifugation and any related methods as described in the literature (R. J. P. Cannell, Natural Products Isolation, Humana Press, 1998). The solvent is selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, hydrocarbon, chlorinated solvents, organic esters, organic ethers, alcohols, water, and mixtures thereof. In the case of supercritical fluid extraction, the invention also covers the use of modifiers as described in V. H. Bright, M. Eé Pé McNally, Supercritical Fluid Technology, ACS Symp. Ser. Vol. 488, ch. 22,1999. [0095]
  • Liquid-liquid extraction means include the use of any mixture of solvents known from those in the art, including solvents under supercritical conditions. Typical solvents include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon, chlorinated solvents, organic esters, organic ethers, alcohols, water, and all possible aqueous solutions. The liquid-liquid extraction can be effected manually, semi-automated or completely automated, and the solvent can be removed or concentrated by any usual techniques known from those in the art (S. Ahuja, Handbook of Bioseparations, Academic Press, 2000). [0096]
  • Solid-phase extraction (SPE) means include techniques using cartridges, columns or any other devices used in this technique and known in the art. The sorbents that may be used with this method include but are not limited to silica gel (normal phase), reverse phase silica gel (modified silica gel), ion-exchange resins, and fluorisil. The invention also includes the use of scavenger resins or any others trapping reagents attached to solid supports derived from organic or inorganic macromolecular materials to remove selectively active ingredients or any constituents from said extracts. [0097]
  • Membrane, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration means include the use of all types of membranes known from those in the art, as well as the use of pressure, vacuum, centrifugal force, and/or any other means that can be utilized in membrane and ultrafiltration processes (S. Ahuja, Handbook of Bioseparations, Academic Press, 2000). [0098]
  • Dialysis means includemembranes having molecular weight cut-offs varying from less than 0.5 KDa to larger than 50 KDa. The invention also covers the recovery of purified and/or fractionated extracts from either the dialysate or the retentate by any means known in the art including but not limited to evaporation, reduced pressure evaporation, distillation, vacuum distillation, and lyophilization. [0099]
  • Chromatographic means include all means of carrying out chromatography known by those skilled in the art and described in G. Sofer, L. Hagel, Handbook of Process Chromatography, Academic Press, 1997 . Fractionation, partial purification, and/or purification can be carried out by but not limited to regular column chromatography, flash chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), countercurrent chromatography (CCC), moving bed chromatography, simulated moving bed chromatography, expanded bed chromatography, and planar chromatography. With every chromatographic methods, sorbents that may be used include but is not limited to silica gel, alumina, fluorisil, cellulose and modified celluloses, all possible modified silica gels, all types of ion-exchange resins, all types of size exclusion gels and any other sorbents known from those skilled in the art and described in T. Hanai, HPLC: A Practical Guide, RSC Press, UK 1999. The present invention also includes the use of two or more solvent gradients to effect the fractionation, partial purification, and/or purification of said active extracts in any chromatographic methods. The solvents that may be utilized include but are not limited to hexanes, pentane, petroleum ethers, cyclohexane, heptane, diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, water, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofurane, dioxane, tert-butyl methyl ether, acetone, and 2-butanone. When water or and aqueous phase is used, it may contains certain amounts of iorganic or organic salts and the pH may be adjusted to different values with an acid or a base to enhance fractionation and/or purification. [0100]
  • In the case of planar chromatography, the present invention includes the use of all variants of this type of chromatography including but not limited to one- and two dimension thin-layer chromatography (1D- and 2D-TLC), high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPLC), and centrifugal thin-layer chromatography (centrifugal TLC). [0101]
  • In the case of countercurrent chromatography (CCC), the present invention includes the use of manual, semi-automated, and automated systems, and the use of all possible solvents and solvent combinations necessary to effect fractionation and/or purification of said active extracts as described in W. D. Conway, R. J. Petroski, Modern Countercurrent Chromatography, ACS Symp. Ser. Vol. 593, 1995. Solvent removal and/or concentration can be effected by any means known by those skilled in the art, including but not limited to reduced pressure evaporation, evaporation, reduced pressure distillation, distillation, and lyophilization. [0102]
  • The present invention includes the fractionation, partial purification, and purification of said active plant extracts by expanded bed chromatography, moving and simulated moving bed chromatography, and any other related methods known by those skilled in the art and described in G. Sofer, L. Hagel, Handbook of Process Chromatography, Academic Press, 1997 and S. Ahuja, Handbook of Bioseparations, Academic Press, 2000. [0103]
  • Selective precipitation means includes the use of all possible solvents and solvent combinations, the use of temperature changes, the addition of precipitent and/or modifiers, and/or modifying the pH by adding a base or an acid to effect a selective precipitation of active principles or any other constituents. [0104]
  • Further, the present invention covers the fractionation, partial purification, and purification of said active plant extracts by electrophoresis and other related techniques known tothose skilled in the art. [0105]
  • The invention also includes the fractionation, partial purification, and/or purification of said active plant extracts by steam distillation, hydrodistillation, or any other related methods of distillation known from those in the art (L. M. Harwood, C. J. Moody, Experimental Organic Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, UK, 1989). [0106]
  • The process of purifying the active component(s) also includes the concentration of purified or partially purified chemicals, active ingredients, active principles by solvent removal of said plant extracts and/or fractionated plant extracts, and/or purified plant extracts. The techniques of solvent removal are known to those skilled in the art and include but are not limited to rotary evaporation, distillation (normal and reduced pressure), centrifugal vacuum evaporation (speed-vac), and lyophilization. [0107]
  • One embodiment of the invention includes the concentration of chemicals, active ingredients, active principles by solvent removal of said plant extracts and/or fractionated plant extracts, and/or purified plant extracts. The techniques of solvent removal are known to those skilled in the art and include but are not limited to rotary evaporation, distillation (normal and reduced pressure), centrifugal vacuum evaporation (speed-vac), and lyophilizatiorl [0108]
  • To get a better understanding of the invention described herein, the following examples are set forth. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only. Therefore, they should not limit the scope of this invention in any way. [0109]
  • EXAMPLES Example I
  • Preparation of Stressed and Non-Stressed Plant Extracts Pre-Harvest TreatmentAerian parts of a living plant are sprayed with an aqueous solution of gamma linolenic acid (6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid, Sigma L-2378) (stress G) or arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, Sigma A-3925) (stress A) (400 μM in water with 0.125% (v/v) Triton X-100) to completely cover the leaves. [0110]
  • Harvest Solid S1 and Optional Storage Treatment [0111]
  • Twenty to twenty-four hours after the stress, more than 4 grams of leaves, stems, fruit, flowers, seeds or other plant parts are harvested and frozen immediately in dry ice, then transferred as soon as possible to a −20° C. freezer until use. Plant materials may be stored at −20° C. for a long period of time, more than a year, without losing inhibitory activity. Temperature is monitored to ensure a constant condition. [0112]
  • Stressed and non-stressed plant specimens are collected as wet samples and stored at −20° C. for various periods of time, and are submitted to a process which [0113] generats 3 subfractions: aqueous, ethanolic and organic fractions. Complete extraction process are performed in a continuous cycle using the following steps. An initial 5 g of plant specimen is homogenized in liquid nitrogen with a blender. The resulting powder is weighed.
  • Extraction Process I: Aqueous Extraction [0114]
  • To each 4.5 grams of plant powder, 12 ml of a cold solution of 100 mM Tris, pH 7.0 is added. The mixture is thoroughly vortexed for 2 minutes. The mixture is kept on ice for 30 minutes and vortexed after each 10 minute period of time. The sample is centrifuged in a Corex™ 30 ml tube for 5 minutes at 4500 rpm. The resulting supernatant is decanted in a 15 ml tube after filtration with a Miracloth™ filter. This extract is therefore referred as the Potential Pre-Extract A. The pellet, referred as Solid S2, is kept for ethanolic extraction. [0115]
  • The aqueous extract (Potential Pre-Extract A) is further purified in order to determine its extracellular protease inhibition capability. The Potential Pre-Extract A is purified by by size-exclusion chromatography, wherein the aqueous extract is chromatographed on a calibrated Sephadex G-25 column (1×10 cm) using a 20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 buffer as eluant. Fractions corresponding to compounds that seem to have a molecular weight (MW) less than 1500 daltons (D) are pooled to constitute the purified aqueous extract that is tested for inhibitory activity in an assay as described in Example II. [0116]
  • Prior to this analysis, the extract is treated with 10% gelatin-Sepharose (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sw.) in order to remove unspecific enzyme ligands. To [0117] 1mL of extract, 100 μL of gelatin-Sepharose resin is added in a microassay tube, the solution in the tube is mixed, kept on ice for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged 5 minutes at 5,000 rpm. The supernatant is removed and used directly for assays.
  • Extraction Process 11 Alcholic Extraction [0118]
  • To the pellet, Solid S2, collected from the previous aqueous extraction, 12 ml of cold ethanol:methanol (85:15) is added and the mixture is thoroughly vortexed for 2 minutes. The mixture is kept on ice for 30 minutes and vortexed every 10 minutes. The sample is centrifuged in a Corex™ 30 ml tube for 5 minutes at 4,500 rpm. The resulting supernatant is decanted in a 15 ml tube after filtration with a Miracloth™ filter. The pellet, referred as Solid S3 is kept for the subsequent organic extraction. This extract is therefore referred as the Potential Pre-Extract B. [0119]
  • The ethanolic extract, Potential Pre-Extract B, is purified by liquid/liquid extraction prior to analysis by enzymatic assay. For this purpose, 1 ml of ethanolic extract is evaporated under vacuum, dissolved in 150 μl of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and completed to a final volume of 1.5 ml with Tris buffer (final concentration: Tris-HCl 20 mM; pH 7.5). Four ml of hexane is added to the Tris phase in a glass tube and the tube is thoroughly vortexed, then allowed to form a biphasic liquid. The organic phase is removed and the extract is submitted to a second round of liquid/liquid extraction. The aqueous phase is removed and treated with 10% gelatin-Sepharose (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sw.) to remove unspecific enzyme ligands prior to conducting subsequent assays. To 1 ml of extract, 100 μL of gelatin-Sepharose resin is added in a microassay tube, the tube is mixed, kept on ice for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged 5 minutes at 5,000 rpm. Supernatant is removed and used directly for assays as described in Example IL. [0120]
  • Extraction Process III: Organic Extraction [0121]
  • To the set Solid S3 collected from previous ethanolic extraction. 12 ml of cold dichloromethane is added and the mixture is thoroughly vortexed for 2 minutes. The mixture is kept on ice for 30 minutes and vortexed after each 10 minutes period. The sample is centrifuged in a Corex™ 30 ml tube for 5 minutes at 4,500 rpm. The resulting supernatant is decanted in a 15 ml glass tube after filtration with a Miracloth™ filter. The final pellet is discarded. The organic solvent is evaporated under vacuum and the phase is dissolved with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). This extract is therefore referred as the Potential Pre-Extract C, which was further purified by solid phase extraction prior to analysis by enzymatic assay. [0122]
  • In order to assay the Potential Pre-Extract C, the organic extract is diluted 1:10 in a solution of DMSO:Methanol:Tris (20 mM, pH 7.5) (10:50:40) (Solution A), ie, 220 μl of extract is added to 2.0 ml of solution A. After 10 seconds of vigorous vortex, the mix is sonicated for 10 seconds. Dissolved extracts are subsequently applied to a solid phase extraction plate (Discovery SPE-96, Sigma Chemical Co, St-Louis, Mo.). After initial conditioning of the columns with 1 ml of methanol, columns are equilibrated with solution A, and extract samples are deposited on the columns. Elution is completed with solution A (final volume of 2 ml) and this fraction is used directly in assays as described in Example II. [0123]
  • Example II
  • In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition Assays [0124]
  • The inhibitory activity of sample compositions towards human MMP-1, human MMP-2, human MMP-3, human MMP-9, human cathepsin-B, human cathepsin-D, human cathepsin-G, human cathepsin-L, human cathepsin-K, human leukocyte elastase (HLE), bacteria clostripain and bacteria subtilisin can be determined using either fluorogenic substrates or the FASC assay. [0125]
  • Measurement of Human MMP-1, -2, -3 and -9 Activity with Fluorogenic Peptidic Substrates [0126]
  • MMP-1, -2, -9 are purified from natural sources (human immortalized cell lines: 8505C (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH) for MMP-1, HT-1080 (ATCC, Manassas, Va.) for MMP-2 and THP-1 (ATCC, Manassas, Va.) for MMP-9) as described in literature and based on protocols found in L. M. Clark: <<[0127] Matrix metalloproteinases protocols>>, Humana Press (2001). Recombinant human MMP-3 is overexpressed in E. Coli and purified according to Windsor L J, Steele D L (2001), Methods Mol Biol 151:191-205. Proteolytic activity of these proteases is evaluated with the assay based on the cleavage of auto-quenched peptide substrate: (MCA-Pro-Leu-Glv-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2 .TFA [Dpa=N-3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-L-2,3-diaminopropionyl]) for MMP-1, -2, and -9; and, MCA-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Val-Glu-Nva-Trp-Arg-Lys(DNP)-NH2 (DNP=2,4-dinitrophenyl; Nva=L-norvaline) for MMP-3 (Calbiochem, San Diego, Calif.). In the intact peptide, Dpa or DNP quenches the MCA fluorescence. Cleavage of the peptide causes release of the fluorescent MCA group which is then quantitated on a fluorometer (Gemini XS, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.). The assay is performed in TNCZ assay buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl; NaCl 150 mM; CaCL2 5 mM; ZnCl2 0.5 mM; pH 7.5) with human purified proteases (I. M. Clark: <<Matrix metalloproteinases protocols>>, Humana Press (2001). The substrate, primarily dissolved in DMSO is then redissolved in TNCZ buffer for the assay. In a typical assay, 10 μl of purified enzyme (1-50 ng) and 5 μl of dissolved substrate (final concentration of 10 μM) is mixed in a final volume of 75 μl (completed with TNCZ). All assays were performed in 96 well plate and the reaction is started by the addition of substrate. Assays are measured (excitation 325 nm, emission 392 nm) for 20, 40 and 60 minutes.
  • Measurement of Human Cathepsin L and K Activity with Fluorogenic Peptidic Substrate. [0128]
  • Human recombinant cathepsins L and K are overexpressed in [0129] P. Pastoris according to Krupa J C, Mort J S. (2000), Anal Biochem 283(1):99-103. The assay is similar to the previous except for the auto-quenched peptidic substrate: Z-Arg-Phe-AMC, 2HCl (Bachem California, Torrance, Calif.) and reaction buffer. Assays for Cathepsin L are performed in 20 mM acetate pH 5.5, 1 mM EDTA buffer and assays for Cathepsin K in 20 mM acetate pH 4.2, 1 mM EDTA. Assays are monitored with fluorometer settled at excitation 380 nm/emission 460 nm wavelengths (Krupa J C, Mort J S. (2000), Anal Biochem 283(1):99-103).
  • Measurement of Human MMP-9, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin G, and Human Leukocyte Elastase (HLE) Activity Using the FASC Assay [0130]
  • Human Cathepsin B and G and human leukocyte elastase are obtained from Calbiochem (San Diego, Calif.). Human MMP-9 is purified as previously described. The assay is based on the method described in Canadian Patent No. 2,189,486 (1996) and in St-Pierre et al., (1996) Cytometry 25:374-380. For the assay, 5 μI of the purified enzyme (1-100 ng), 5 μl of concentrated buffer solution (20 mM Tris-HCl; NaCl 150 mM; CaCL[0131] 2 5 mM; ZnCl2 0.5 mM; pH 7.5),and 5 μl of gelatin-FITC beads are typically used in a final volume of 100 μI. The assay is performed by incubation of the reaction mixture for 90 minutes at 37° C. The reaction is stopped by the transfer of the mix in 0.5 ml of 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl; pH 9.5 buffer. This tube is analyzed in a flow cytometer (Epics MCL, Beckman Coulter, Mississauga, Ontario) as described in Canadian Patent No. 2,189,486 (1996).
  • Measurement of Human Cathepsin D, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin G and HLE Activity with a Fluorogenic Proteic Substrate [0132]
  • Cathepsin D is purified from human MCF-7 cells according to Stewart A J, Piggott N H, May F E, Westley B R. (1994), Int J Cancer 57(5):715-8. Cathepsin B, Cathepsin G and HLE are obtained as previously described. The activities of Cathepsin D, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin G and HLE are measured by an assay based on the increase of fluorescence of a proteic substrate (Haemoglobin in the case of Cathepsin D and B and beta-casein in the case of Cathepsin G and HLE) heavily labelled with Alexa-488 dye (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.). The substrate, when highly labelled with the dye, will almost quench the dye fluorescence. Cleavage of the substrate will result in an increase of the fluorescence which can be measured with a spectrofluorometer, and which is proportional to protease activity. Typically, 10 μl of purified human Cathepsin D, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin G or HLE (10-50 ng) and 10 μL of Hemoglobin-Alexa488 or beta-casein-Alexa488 (100 ng) are assayed in final volume of 75 μl adjusted with 20 mM citrate pH 3.3 buffer in the case of Cathepsins D and B or TNCZ buffer in the case of Cathepsin G and HLE. The reaction is performed as already described except that the fluorescence is read at excitation 488 nm/emission 525 nm wavelengths. [0133]
  • Subtilisin Assay [0134]
  • Subtilisin (isolated from [0135] B. Subtilisis) is purchased from Fluka. Assays are performed with a fluorogenic peptide (Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-AMC, Bachem California, Torrance, Calif.) as already described for MMPs with the following modification: the assay is buffered with 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.5 and the results are read at excitation 380 nm/emission 460 nm wavelengths.
  • Clostripain Assay [0136]
  • Clostripain from Clostridium histolyticum (Worthington Lakewood, N.J.) is prepared and activated as described by manufacturer's protocol. The activity is determined by using Z-Arg-Arg-AMC, 2HCl (Calbiochem, San Diego, Calif.) as a fluorogenic peptidic substrate and the incubation buffer is 75 mM phosphate, pH 7.6. The reaction is performed as already described except that the fluorescence is read at excitation 380 nm/emission 460 nm wavelengths. [0137]
  • Extract Inhibition Assay [0138]
  • Before a typical assay, aqueous extractsprepared as described in Example I are preincubated with 1:10 of gelatin-Sepharose 4B™ for 30 minutes to remove fluorescence quenching. For the ethanolic extract, an initial hexane extraction is performed and samples are treated with 1:10 of gelatin-Sepharose 4B™ to remove quenching. [0139]
  • In a typical fluorescent assay, 10 μl of purified enzyme at concentrations previously mentioned for the enzymatic assay, 5 μl of dissolved fluorogenic peptid or 10 μl of dissolved fluorescent proteic substrate (final concentration of 10 μM) and 40 μL of the aqueous, ethanolic or organic extract to be tested and prepared as described in Example I are mixed in a final volume of 75 μl (completed with TNCZ for fluorogenic peptide substrate assay or 20 mM citrate pH 3.3 buffer for fluorescent protein substrate assay). All assays are performed in 96 well plate and the reaction is started by the addition of substrate. Assays are measured (excitation 325 nm, emission 392 nm for peptide and excitation 488 nm/emission 525 nm wavelengths for protein) for 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Activity and inhibition values are determined from the increase in fluorescence [0140]
  • For the FASC assay, 35 μl of the treated extract prepared as described in Exampla I, 5 μl of the purified enzyme prepared as described previously, 5 μl of concentrated buffer solution (TNCZ), and 5 μl of gelatin-FITC beads are typically used. The initial step of the assay is the incubation of the reaction without beads for a 30 minutes period on ice to allow the binding of inhibitors to enzyme. Fluorescent beads are added and the reaction mix is incubated for 90 minutes at 37° C. The reaction isstopped by transfer of the mix in 0.5 ml of 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl; pH 9.5 buffer. This tube isanalyzed in the flow cytometer (Epics MCL, Beckman Coulter, Mississauga, Ontario) as described in Canadian Patent Application No. 2,189,486 (1996). [0141]
  • Results of the inhibition studies are shown in Tables 1-13. Table 2 reports the inhibition of human MMP-1 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 3 reports the inhibition of human MMP-2 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 4 reports the inhibition of human MMP-3 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 5 reports the inhibition of human MMP-9 by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 6 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin B by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 7 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin D by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 8 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin G by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 9 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin L by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 10 reports the inhibition of human Cathepsin K by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 11 reports the inhibition of HME by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 12 reports the inhibition of bacteria subtilisin by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. Table 13 reports the inhibition of bacterial clostripain by aqueous (A), ethanolic (R) and organic (S) extracts for exemplary stressed (A and G) and non-stressed (T) plant sources. The inhibition is reported as percentage (%) of inhibition of substrate degradation as compared with the degradation without extract. The inhibition is reported as percentage (%) of inhibition of substrate degradation as compared with the degradation without extract. [0142]
  • Example III
  • Examplary Purification of Inhibitory Activity Found in an Extract [0143]
  • Extracts were separated by HPLC on an Agilent 1100 system (San Fernando, Calif.). Briefly, 100 μL of a crude extract prepared as described in Example I was applied on a C18 reverse-phase column (Purospher RP-18 5 μm, 4.0×125 mm (HP), Agilent, San Fernando, Calif.). Elution of compounds was achieved with a linear gradient of 10-85% acetonitrile. Fractions were collected, evaporated, resuspended in aqueous buffer and then reanalysed for their inhibition activity on specific enzymes as already described. Fractions of interest (demonstrating a biological activity) where then reisolated at a larger scale for further analysis and characterization. [0144]
  • The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims. [0145]
    TABLE 1
    MMP-1 Inhibition
    Nom latin Stress extrait Inhibition (%)
    Achillea millefolium A O 22.2
    Acorus calamus A O 100.0
    Actinidia arguta A O 56.4
    Agastache foeniculum A S 30.4
    Alchemilla mollis A 4 36.4
    Allium cepa A O 61.4
    Allium grande A R 46.5
    Allium porrum A R 25.0
    Allium porrum A O 98.9
    Allium sativum A O 42.5
    Allium sativum A R 98.7
    Allium schoenoprasum A R 22.3
    Ailium Tuberosum A R 29.9
    Allium Tuberosum A O 100.0
    Althaea officinalis A S 21.6
    Angelica archangelica A S 45.9
    Anthemis nobilis A R 34.5
    Aralia nudicaulis A O 100.0
    Anmoracia rusticana A O 31.2
    Armoracia rusticana A S 39.7
    Aronia melanocarpa A R 39.8
    Aster sp A O 67.6
    Beckmannia eruciformis A O 24.1
    Beta vulgaris A R 41.2
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A O 44.1
    Brassica napus A O 26.3
    Brassica oleracea A S 28.6
    Brassica oleracea A R 33.8
    Brassica Oleracea A O 100.0
    Brassica rapa A R 61.4
    Calamintha nepeta A R 40.2
    Camellia sinensis A O 39.3
    Capsicum annuum A R 34.3
    Capsicum annuum A O 88.3
    Capsicum frutescens A R 39.4
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus A O 100.0
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus A R 37.3
    Chenopodium quinoa A O 66.3
    Chrysanthenum coronarium A R 37.4
    Cichorium intybus A R 22.0
    Cichorium intybus A S 66.9
    Citrullus lanatus A O 41.9
    Comus canadensis A S 73.0
    Crataegus sp A O 100.0
    Cucumis Anguria A S 34.2
    Cucurbita moschata A O 27.3
    Cucurbita pepo A O 84.9
    Cymbopogn citratus A O 100.0
    Cymbopogon citratus A R 22.1
    Cyperus esculentus A R 25.8
    Cyperus esculentus A O 28.1
    Dactylis glomerata A O 25.5
    Daucus carota A O 43.4
    Daucus carota A R 100.0
    Dipsacus sativus A O 35.3
    Dirca palustris A S 47.9
    Eruca vesicaria A R 33.7
    Eschscholzia californica A O 61.1
    Eschscholzia californica A R 74.1
    Filipendula rubra A O 51.7
    Foeniculum vulgare A O 86.2
    Fragaria x ananassa A O 23.7
    Fragaria Xananassa A S 40.6
    Fragariax ananassa A R 28.3
    Galinsoga ciliata A R 29.7
    Gallium odoratum A O 48.8
    Gaultheria hispidula A R 23.9
    Glycine max A R 24.7
    Glycine max A S 29.6
    Glycine max A O 100.0
    Guizotia abyssinica A S 39.4
    Hamamelis virginiana A R 49.1
    Helianthus Tuberosus A O 95.9
    Heltotropium arborescens A R 25.0
    Hordeum hexastichon A O 100.0
    Hordeum vulgare A O 46.2
    Vulgare A O 43.8
    Inula helenium A O 25.8
    Lathyrus sativus A 0 27.1
    Leonurus cardiaca A O 34.4
    Levisticum officinale A R 31.7
    Lolium multiflorum A O 39.0
    Lotus comiculatus A O 100.0
    Malva sylvestris A R 22.8
    Matricaria recutita A O 25.1
    Matteucia pensylvanica A R 48.1
    Medicago sativa A R 25.1
    Melissa officinalis A O 100.0
    Mentha piperita A O 60.1
    Mentha suaveolens A O 35.1
    Nepeta cataria A O 100.0
    Nicotiana rustica A R 20.7
    Origanum vulgare A R 60.5
    Origanum vulgare A O 73.2
    Perilla frutescens A R 74.4
    Perilla frutescens A O 92.4
    Petroselinum crispum A R 77.4
    Phacelia tanacetifolia A R 52.8
    Phaseolus coccineus A R 20.9
    Phaseolus coccineus A S 34.2
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A S 29.2
    Phaseolus vulgaris A R 56.1
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A R 60.0
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A O 100.0
    Phlox paniculata A O 100.0
    Pimpinella anisum A S 100.0
    Pimpinella anisum A R 72.2
    Plantago coronopus A R 23.7
    Plectranthus sp. A O 25.0
    Poa compressa A O 31.5
    Potentilla anserina A R 71.2
    Pysalis ixocarpa A R 32.1
    Raphanus raphanistrum A O 31.5
    Raphanus sativus A O 100.0
    Raphanus sativus A O 30.2
    Rheum officinale A O 79.1
    Rheum rhabarbarum A R 22.9
    Rheum rhabarbarum A R 32.8
    Ribes nigrum A O 100.0
    Ribes nigrum A R 100.0
    Ribes salivum A R 48.6
    Ribes sylvestre A S 26.5
    Ribes uva-crispa A R 100.0
    Rubus canadensis A R 46.1
    Rubus canadensis A R 53.1
    Rubus idaeus A R 100.0
    Salvia officianalis A O 100.0
    Salvia sclarea A S 43.8
    Satureja montana A R 100.0
    Solanum dulcamara A S 43.8
    Solanum melanocerasum A R 37.2
    Solanum tuberosum A R 100.0
    Sorghum dochna A O 100.0
    Stachys byzantina A S 28.9
    Stellaria media A S 33.1
    Tanacetum parthenium A O 28.9
    Tanacetum vulgare A R 76.0
    Taraxacum officinale A O 65.7
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus A O 64.2
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus A R 88.2
    Thymus vulgaris A R 42.7
    Thymus x citriodorus A O 34.7
    Trichosanthes kirilowii A R 31.8
    Trifolium hybridum A R 96.0
    Trifolium incamatum A R 100.0
    Trifolium pannonicum A R 27.7
    Trifolium repens A R 79.5
    Vaccinum augustifolium A R 52.5
    Vaccinum macrocarpon A O 64.5
    Vicia sativa A O 60.8
    Vicia sativa A R 28.6
    Vicia villosa A R 64.7
    Vicia villosa A O 57.3
    Vigna sesquipedalis A O 33.0
    Vigna sesquipedalis A R 24.4
    Vigna unguiculata A R 20.6
    Vitia spp A R 72.6
    Vitia spp A O 100.0
    Zea Mays A R 99.2
    Zea Mays A O 100.0
    Abelmochus escutentus G R 37.6
    Aconitum napellus G O 100.0
    Allium ampeloprasum G R 33.4
    Allium ascalonicum G R 31.5
    Allium cepa G O 34.4
    Allium cepa G R 36.4
    Allium sativum G R 53.2
    Allium tuberosum G R 68.3
    Althaea officianalis G O 47.7
    Althaea officinalis G S 30.7
    Althaea officinalis G S 44.3
    Althea officinalis G R 83.6
    Anethum graveolens G S 44.3
    Apium graveolens G R 27.7
    Armoracia rusticana G O 51.8
    Armoracia rusticana G S 47.1
    Aronia melanocarpa G S 66.5
    Artemisia dracunculus G S 79.0
    Artemisia dracunculus G R 50.3
    Asparagus officinalis G O 96.4
    Bellis perennis G R 44.1
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima G R 43.7
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima G O 34.9
    Betula glandulosa G S 40.8
    Borago officinalis G O 30.3
    Borago officinalis G R 29.7
    Brassica cepticepa G R 21.9
    Brassica oleracea G O 33.6
    Brassica oleracea G O 100.0
    Brassica rapa G O 42.5
    Brassica rapa G R 40.2
    Calamintha nepeta G O 28.7
    Calendula officinalis L G O 100.0
    Camellia sinensis G O 46.4
    Campanula rapuncutus G R 27.2
    Capsella bursa-pastoris G R 24.1
    Capsicum annum G O 36.0
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum G R 38.9
    Chenopodium quinoa G O 100.0
    Cichorium intybus G S 44.6
    Circium arvense G R 30.3
    Citrullus lanatus G R 21.2
    Cucurbita pepo G O 59.5
    Cucurbita Pepo G O 40.2
    Cuminum cyminum G R 25.5
    Cymbopogon citratus G R 33.7
    Datura stramonium G O 73.5
    Daucus carota G O 86.0
    Daucus carota G O 27.9
    Dryopteris filix-mas G O 21.9
    Erysimum perofskianum G O 24.4
    Fagopyrum esculentum G O 100.0
    Foeniculum vulgare G O 28.0
    Foeniculum vulgare G R 57.3
    Gaultheria hispidula G O 44.2
    Gaultheria procumbens G R 94.8
    Glechoma hederacea G O 25.5
    Glycine max G S 100.0
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G O 24.9
    Guizotia abyssinica G R 30.3
    Helenium hoopesii G 0 28.6
    Helianthus annuus G O 33.6
    Helianthus tuberosus G O 54.4
    Hordeum vulgare G O 28.8
    Vulgare G R 28.1
    Hypericum henryi G R 80.0
    Iberis amara G O 44.6
    Lactuca sativa G R 25.3
    Lathyrus sylvestris G O 90.2
    Lavandula angustifolia G R 22.5
    Lepidium Sativum G S 29.5
    Levisticum officinale G O 100.0
    Lolium multiflorum G O 24.9
    Lolium multiflorum G R 27.1
    Lotus corniculatus G O 52.2
    Lycopersicon esculentum G R 24.4
    Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium G R 30.3
    Malus hupehensis G R 65.8
    Malva verticillata G R 43.1
    Matricaria recutita G S 100.0
    Matteucia pensylvanica G R 57.5
    Melissa officinalis G O 28.5
    Mentha piperita G O 36.0
    Mentha spicata G S 20.3
    Mentha spicata G S 26.0
    Mentha suaveolens G O 60.5
    Nepeta cataria G O 24.1
    Nicotiana rustica G R 28.1
    Nicotiana tabacum G R 40.6
    Oenothera biennis G R 28.4
    Oenothera biennis G O 100.0
    Origanum vulgare G S 100.0
    Origanum vulgare G O 20.1
    Origanum vulgare G O 85.4
    Oryza Sativa G R 53.3
    Panax quinquefolius G S 100.0
    Panicum miliaceum G S 100.0
    Passiflora caerula G O 20.9
    Pastinaca sativa G R 68.4
    Pastinaca sativa G O 100.0
    Pennisetum alopecuroides G R 100.0
    Petroselinum crispum G R 73.0
    Phalaris canariensis G O 100.0
    Phaseolus coccineus G R 29.9
    Phaseolus coccineus G R 67.6
    Phaseolus coccineus G O 32.4
    Phaseolus vulgaris G R 33.4
    Phaseolus vulgaris G R 60.2
    Phaseolus vulgaris G R 22.3
    Phaseolus vulgaris G O 87.7
    Phlox paniculata G O 89.3
    Physalis pruinosa G O 37.0
    Plantago coronopus G R 48.1
    Plantago major G O 47.0
    Plectranthus sp. G O 97.2
    Potentilla anserina G R 22.0
    Prunella vulgaris G O 21.2
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G O 95.9
    Raphanus sativus G O 67.7
    Reseda odorata G O 40.6
    Rheum officinale G O 82.1
    Rheum rhabarbarum G R 48.1
    Ribes Nigrum G R 100.0
    Ribes Sylvestre G O 42.9
    Ricinus communis G O 73.5
    Rubus Phoenicalasius G R 31.4
    Ruta graveolens G R 100.0
    Salvia officinalis G R 100.0
    Santolina G R 28.1
    Satureja hortensis G R 100.0
    Satureja repandra G O 57.1
    Scrophularia nodosa G R 41.6
    Scutelaria lateriflora G S 72.1
    Sium sisarum G O 99.7
    Solanum dulcamara G R 65.4
    Solanum melanocerasum G R 32.4
    Solanum melorgene G O 100.0
    Solanum tuberosum G S 46.4
    Sorghum caffronum G R 100.0
    Sorghum dochna G R 51.4
    Sorghum dochna G R 39.6
    Sorghum sudanense G O 97.4
    Stachys byzantina G O 41.4
    Stellaria media G O 33.8
    Symphytum officinale G O 52.0
    Tanacetum parthenium G O 79.1
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 100.0
    Taraxacum officinale G S 25.9
    Teucrium chamaedrys G O 100.0
    Teucrium chamaedrys G R 48.0
    articus G R 73.1
    Thymus x citriodorus G O 52.2
    Trichosanthes kirilowii G O 35.9
    Trifolium hybridum G R 76.0
    Trifolium incarnatum G R 73.4
    Trifolium pannonicum G R 24.8
    Trifolium repens G R 48.5
    Triticosecale spp. G R 48.5
    Triticum spelta G R 22.9
    Tropaeolum majus G S 23.4
    Urtica dioica G O 96.4
    Vaccinium corymbosum G S 60.7
    Vaccinium corybosum G R 61.4
    Vaccinium angustifolium G R 54.7
    Vicia sativa G R 68.8
    Vicia sativa G R 31.5
    Vicia villosa G O 100.0
    Vicia cillosa G R 35.5
    Vigna sesquipedalis G R 23.0
    Vitia spp G R 36.9
    Withania somnifera G O 44.0
    Xanthium strumarium G R 37.6
    Zea mays G O 100.0
    Aconitum napellus T R 100.0
    Agaricus bisporus T R 58.9
    Agaricus bisporus T O 100.0
    Allium ampeloprasum T R 43.3
    Allium ascalonicum T R 34.5
    Allium Cepa T R 53.5
    Allium cepa T O 45.8
    Allium grande T R 43.2
    Allium schoenoprasum T R 47.1
    Allium tuberosum T R 74.6
    Allium tuberosum T O 33.6
    Aloe vera T R 34.1
    Althaea officinalis T S 47.8
    Amelanchier alnifolia T R 59.1
    Ananas comosus T O 100.0
    Anthemis nobilis T O 22.7
    Anthriscus cerefolium T O 56.8
    Apium graveolens T R 29.8
    Aralia nudicaulis T O 100.0
    Armoracia rusticana T O 58.9
    Artemisia dracunculus T O 100.0
    Asparagus officinalis T R 25.2
    Atriplex hortensis T R 44.7
    Bellis perennis T R 58.1
    Beta vulgaris T R 37.3
    Betula glandulosa T O 23.5
    Boletus edulis T S 64.2
    Brassica juncea T R 35.6
    Brassica napus T O 100.0
    Brassica oleracea T R 33.2
    Brassica oleracea T O 49.7
    Camellia sinensis T O 24.7
    Camellia sinensis T R 45.7
    Canna edulis T R 26.2
    Carum carvi T O 100.0
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T R 40.9
    Chrysanthemun coronarium T R 48.1
    (Chp suey)
    Chrysanthenum coronarium T R 29.9
    Chrysanthenum coronarium T R 100.0
    Cichorium endivia T R 20.5
    Cichorium endivia T R 21.9
    Cichorium intybus T S 50.6
    Cichorium intybus T R 31.7
    Cichorium intybus T R 52.9
    Citrullus lanatus T O 100.0
    Citrus paradisi T O 40.6
    Cocos nucifera T O 27.2
    Comus canadensis T S 44.9
    Crithmum maritimum T R 32.3
    Cucumis anguria T O 22.6
    Cucurbita moschata T O 33.5
    Cucurbita moschata T R 32.3
    (Early Butternut)
    Cucurbita pepo T O 89.0
    Cuminum cyminum T R 54.3
    Curcuma zedoaria T S 100.0
    Cymbopogon citratus T O 42.6
    Datura metel T O 24.8
    Datura metel T R 25.5
    Dioscorea batatas T R 100.0
    Dipsacus sativus T O 85.0
    Dryopteris filix-mas T O 46.4
    Erigeron canadensis T O 100.0
    Eruca vesicaria T R 30.9
    Erysimum perofskianum T O 23.0
    Eschscholzia californica T O 37.8
    Eschscholzia californica T R 20.8
    Fagopyrum esculentum T O 100.0
    Fagopyrum tartaricum T R 78.5
    Foeniculum vulgare T O 63.4
    Foeniculum vulgare T O 27.2
    Forsythia x intermedia T S 32.0
    Fragaria x ananassa T S 33.0
    Galinsoga ciliata T R 25.8
    Gaultheria procumbens T O 46.8
    Hedeoma pulegioides T O 73.6
    Helianthus tuberosus T O 39.3
    Hordeum vulgare T O 32.4
    Humulus lupulus T O 21.1
    Hypericum henryi T R 29.3
    Hypericum perforatum T R 42.7
    Iberis amara T O 29.5
    Ipomea aquatica T R 22.9
    Lathyrus Sativus T R 69.4
    Laurus nobilis T O 70.2
    Lavandula latifolia T O 100.0
    Culinaris T O 70.2
    Lepidium sativum T O 100.0
    Levisticum officinale T O 100.0
    Lolium multiflorum T O 35.1
    Lunaria annua T O 100.0
    pimpinellifolium T R 24.4
    Malus hupehensis T R 73.1
    Malus sp. T R 80.9
    Malva sylvestris T R 34.7
    Malva sylvestris T O 100.0
    Manihot esculenta T R 33.0
    Melissa officinalis T O 100.0
    Melissa officinalis T O 100.0
    Mentha suaveolens T S 39.7
    Nigella sativa T R 58.9
    Nigella sativa T R 100.0
    Ocimum Basilicum T R 100.0
    Origanum majorana T O 41.5
    Origanum vulgare T O 29.8
    Origanum vulgare T R 33.1
    Panax quinquefolius T R 75.2
    Passiflora spp. T S 32.0
    Pastinaca sativa T R 20.8
    Perroselinum crispum T R 55.4
    Petroselinum crispum T R 76.1
    Petroselinum crispum T O 24.1
    Peucedanum oreaselinum T O 21.0
    Phacelia tanacetifolia T R 48.6
    Phalaris canariensis T O 56.4
    Phaseolus coccineus T R 22.7
    Phaseolus mungo T R 47.4
    Phaseolus vulgaris T R 40.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 29.4
    Phoenix dactylifera T R 46.3
    pourpre T R 28.9
    Phytolacca americana T O 100.0
    Plectranthus sp. T O 73.8
    Pleurotus spp. T O 100.0
    Poa compressa T O 22.3
    Poa pratensis T O 73.1
    Populus Tremula T O 100.0
    Prunella vulgaris T O 38.0
    Psoralea corylifolia T S 96.4
    Pteridium aquilinum T R 100.0
    Raphanus raphanistrum T O 100.0
    Raphanus sativus T R 33.7
    Raphanus sativus T R 28.0
    Raphanus sativus T O 100.0
    Reseda luteola T S 69.6
    Reseda odorata T O 51.8
    Rheum officinale T O 46.7
    Rheum officinale T S 100.0
    Ribes nigrum T R 30.0
    Ribes Sativum T R 61.7
    Ribes Sylvestre T R 75.4
    Ricinus communis T S 100.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis T R 29.0
    Rubus canadensis T R 86.1
    Sabal serrulata T R 100.0
    Salvia officinalis T O 100.0
    Sambucus canadensis T O 24.8
    Satureja montana T R 100.0
    Satureja repandra T S 27.2
    Satureja repandra T O 36.4
    Satureja repandra T R 42.0
    Scrophularia nodosa T R 68.8
    Secale cereale T O 100.0
    Setaria italica T R 23.2
    Silybum marianum T O 73.5
    Solanum melongena T R 20.1
    Solanum tuberosum T S 24.4
    Solidago virgaurea T R 71.4
    Sorghum dochna T O 22.5
    Stachys byzantina T O 39.2
    Stellaria media T O 43.3
    Symphytum officinale T O 58.7
    Tanacetum parthenium T O 100.0
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 32.5
    Taraxacum officinale T S 27.8
    Teucrium chamaedrys T R 62.9
    Teucrium chamaedrys T O 100.0
    Thalpsi arvense T O 21.2
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus T R 60.9
    Tragopogon porrifolium T R 24.6
    Trifolium incamatum T R 33.7
    Trifolium pannonicum T R 72.4
    Trifolium repens T R 72.4
    Triticosecale spp. T R 33.7
    Tropaeolum majus T R 100.0
    Tropaeolum majus T O 31.5
    Vaccinium angustifolium T O 100.0
    Vaccinium angustifolium T S 42.1
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T S 30.9
    Vicia villosa T R 35.5
    Vigna sesquipedalis T R 24.0
    Vigna unguiculata T R 31.6
    Vinca minor T O 28.7
    Withania somnifera T O 26.9
    Xanthium strumarium T O 30.9
    Zea mays T R 20.1
    Zea mays T O 32.2
  • [0146]
    MMP-2
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Achillea millefolium A S 21.9
    Achillea millefolium A O 63.0
    Achillea millefolium A R 100.0
    Aconitum napellus A R 71.0
    Alcea rosea A R 67.9
    Alchemilla mollis A O 64.4
    Allium ascalonicum A R 20.9
    Allium cepa A R 84.3
    Allium grande A R 36.7
    Allium porrum A O 100.0
    Allium porum A S 51.9
    Allium porum A R 66.7
    Allium sativum A R 100.0
    Allium schoenoprasum A R 73.5
    Allium Tuberosum A S 24.3
    Allium Tuberosum A O 83.6
    Allium Tuberosum A R 89.3
    Aloe vera A R 69.7
    Althaea officinalis A S 27.6
    Althaea officinalis A R 64.7
    Amaranthus gangeticus A S 29.4
    Anethum graveolens A O 100.0
    Apium graveolens A S 25.1
    Apium graveolens A R 52.1
    Aralia cordata A S 66.4
    Aralia cordata A R 92.2
    Aralia nudicaulis A O 29.4
    Arctium minus A S 28.4
    Armoracia rusticana A S 20.2
    Armoracia rusticana A O 55.0
    Arrhenatherum elatius A S 40.2
    Artemisia dracunculus A S 39.7
    Asparagus officinalis A S 29.3
    Atriplex hortensis A R 33.6
    Avena sativa A R 37.2
    Beta vulgaris A S 45.4
    Beta vulgaris A R 95.9
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A R 100.0
    Brassica chinensis A R 49.6
    Brassica napus A O 28.5
    Brassica Napus A S 52.4
    Brassica Napus A R 82.4
    Brassica nigra A O 29.2
    Brassica oleracea A R 31.2
    Brassica Oleracea A R 31.4
    Brassica oleracea A R 64.0
    Brassica oleracea A S 68.7
    Brassica oleracea A R 75.3
    Brassica oleracea A O 100.0
    Brassica rapa A S 27.6
    Brassica rapa A R 33.4
    Brassica rapa A O 57.6
    Brassica rapa A R 58.1
    Brassica rapa A R 84.5
    Calamintha nepeta A O 65.0
    Camellia sinensis A S 21.9
    Camellia sinensis A R 26.5
    Camellia sinensis A O 79.0
    Capsicum annuum A R 100.0
    Capsicum frutescens A S 66.6
    Capsicum frutescens A R 100.0
    Carthamus tinctorius A R 21.3
    Carthamus tinctorius A R 21.5
    Chaerophyllum bulbosom A R 57.2
    Chelidonium majus A S 34.4
    Chenopodium bonus - henricus A R 43.5
    Chenopodium bonus - henricus A O 100.0
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus A R 76.4
    Chenopodium quinoa A O 92.0
    Chrysanthemum coronarium A R 48.6
    Chrysanthemum coronarium A O 49.7
    Crtrysanthemun coronarium A R 47.3
    Chrysanthenum coronarium A R 26.7
    Cicer arietinum A S 22.0
    Cicer arietinum A O 23.6
    Cichorium intybus A S 21.1
    Cichorium intybus A R 100.0
    Citrullus lanatus A S 65.5
    Citruflus lanatus A R 96.3
    Citrullus lanatus A O 100.0
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi A O 32.2
    Comus canadensis A S 52.8
    Cosmos sulphureus A R 72.5
    Crataegus spp A O 100.0
    Cryptotaenia canadensis A R 50.6
    Cryptotaenia canadensis A O 51.3
    Cucumis anguria A S 53.4
    Cucumis Anguria A R 84.9
    Cucumis melo A R 91.7
    Cucurbita Maxima A S 34.9
    Cucurbita Maxima A R 41.7
    Cucurbita moschata A R 36.8
    Cucurbita moschata A S 37.4
    Cucurbita pepo A S 48.1
    Cucurbita pepo A R 85.7
    Curcuma zedoaria A S 21.0
    Curcuma zedoaria A R 32.1
    Curcurbita maxima A S 27.0
    Cymbopogon citratus A R 34.5
    Cymbopogon citratus A O 100.0
    Cymbopogon martinii A S 47.4
    Dactylis glomerata A S 20.6
    Dactylis glomerata A O 75.0
    Daucus carota A S 44.5
    Daucus carota A R 70.5
    Dipsacus sativus A O 40.4
    Dirca palustris A S 27.2
    Dolichos Lablab A S 54.2
    Dryopteris filix-mas A R 76.3
    Echinacea purpurea A R 42.9
    Eleusine coracana A S 37.5
    Eleusine coracana A O 100.0
    Erigeron canadensis A O 45.7
    Eruca vesicaria A R 80.2
    Eschscholzia californica A S 42.4
    Cana edulis A R 45.5
    Canna edulis A S 20.2
    Capsella bursa-pastoris A S 35.5
    capsicum annuum A S 61.5
    Capsicum annuum A O 89.8
    Fagopyrum tartaricum A O 71.0
    Filipendula rubra A R 36.3
    Foeniculum vulgare A R 41.6
    Foeniculum vulgare A S 84.4
    Foeniculum vulgare A O 100.0
    Forsythia intermedia A R 35.8
    Fragaria x ananassa A R 97.2
    Galinsoga ciliata A R 54.0
    Galium odoratum A O 34.3
    Galium odoratum A O 100.0
    Gaultheria hispidula A S 35.8
    Gaultheria hispidula A R 100.0
    Glaux maritima A R 46.5
    Glycine max A S 27.0
    Glycine Max A R 43.1
    Glycine max A O 100.0
    Guizotia abyssinica A S 29.8
    Guizotia abyssinica A R 32.5
    Hamamelis virginiana A R 75.7
    Helianthus annuus A R 69.0
    Helianthus Tuberosus A R 22.2
    Helianthus tuberosus A R 69.7
    Helianthus Tuberosus A O 100.0
    Hordeum hexastichon A R 22.3
    Hordeum hexastichon A R 34.9
    Hordeum hexastichon A O 86.9
    Hordeum vulgare A O 74.8
    Hordeum vulgare subsp. Vulgare A S 34.5
    Hordeum vulgare subsp. Vulgare A O 74.2
    Hyssopus officinalis A O 57.5
    Inula helenium A S 26.8
    Ipomoea Batatas A S 20.1
    Lathyrus sativus A S 28.7
    Lathyrus sativus A 0 100.0
    Lathyrus sylvestris A R 42.4
    Lavandula latifolia A O 39.1
    Lepidium sativum A O 20.1
    Lepldium sativum A S 49.0
    Levisticum officinale A S 23.0
    Levisticum officinale A O 29.8
    Linum usitatissimum A R 56.9
    Lolium multiflorum A S 41.5
    Lolium multiflorum A O 92.3
    Lotus corniculatus A O 95.5
    Lotus tetragonolobus A R 76.7
    Lycoperslcon esculentum A S 35.3
    Lycopersicon esculentum A R 78.1
    Lycopersicon esculentum A R 85.6
    Lycopersicon pimpinollifolium A R 74.9
    Malva moschata A S 21.5
    Malva moschata A O 44.5
    Malva verticillata A R 22.0
    Matricaria recutita A S 40.9
    Matricaria recutita A O 67.3
    Melaleuca alternifolia A O 65.0
    Eschscholzia californica A O 75.0
    Eschschotzia californica A R 88.8
    Fagopyrum esculentum A O 100.0
    Fagopyrum tartaricum A R 38.6
    Fagopyrum tartaricum A S 40.3
    Nicotiana tabacum A S 42.5
    Nicotiana tabacum A R 61.1
    Nigella sativa A R 81.7
    Ocimum tenuiflorum A R 23.1
    Oenothera biennis A R 28.6
    Origanum majorana A O 52.9
    Origanum majorana A R 100.0
    Origanum vulgare A O 66.8
    Panax quinquefolius A S 31.8
    Pastinaca sativa A S 27.7
    Pastinaca sativa A R 33.8
    Petasites japonicus A S 26.2
    Petroselinum crispum A R 69.1
    Phalaris canariensis A S 28.4
    Phalaris canariensis A R 29.7
    Phalaris canariensis A O 94.3
    Phaseolus coccineus A S 30.8
    Phaseolus coccineus A R 79.5
    Phaseolus coccineus A O 80.9
    Phaseolus mungo A R 59.8
    Phaseolus vulgaris A S 47.3
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A R 74.4
    Phaseolus vulgaris A R 83.2
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A O 100.0
    Phlox paniculata A O 23.7
    Phlox paniculata A R 81.7
    Physalis alkekengi A R 23.5
    Physalis Ixocarpa A O 85.8
    Physalis ixocarpa A R 91.5
    Physalis Pruinosa A R 25.7
    Physalis Pruinosa A O 83.5
    Phytolacca decandra A O 31.5
    Phytolacca decandra A S 38.5
    Pimpinella anisum A S 100.0
    Pimpinella anisum A R 100.0
    Plantago coronopus A R 36.0
    Plantago coronopus A R 38.4
    Plantago coronopus A O 53.6
    Plantago major A R 65.3
    Plectranthus sp. A O 74.2
    Poa compressa A S 37.3
    Poa compressa A R 49.8
    Poa compressa A O 100.0
    Polygonum pensylvanicum A R 63.5
    Polygonum pensylvanicum A O 72.9
    Polygonum persicaria A S 27.5
    Polygonum persicaria A O 43.0
    Poterium sanguisorba A R 100.0
    Poterium Sanquisorba A O 84.2
    Pteridium aquilinum A O 45.1
    Pteridium aquilinum A R 100.0
    Pysalis ixocarpa A R 87.3
    Raphanus raphanistrum A S 32.2
    Raphanus sativus A R 25.3
    Raphanus sativus A S 47.5
    Melilotus albus A S 50.7
    Melilotus albus A O 100.0
    Melissa officinalis A O 42.4
    Mentha pulegium A O 88.3
    Mentha spicata A O 94.8
    Mentha suaveolens A O 82.9
    Nepeta cataria A O 100.0
    Nicotiana rustica A S 24.0
    Nicotiana rustica A R 100.0
    Rosa rugosa A O 83.2
    Rosmarinus officinalis A R 68.2
    Rubus idaeus A O 81.9
    Rubus ideaus A R 73.4
    Rumex Acetosa A S 24.2
    Rumex Acetosa A R 85.5
    Rumex Acetosa A O 100.0
    Rumex crispus A 0 46.7
    Rumex crispus A R 100.0
    Ruta graveolens A O 100.0
    Saccharum officinarum A R 80.8
    Salix purpurea A S 56.7
    Salvia officinalis A S 24.1
    Salvia officinalis A O 91.8
    Salvia sclarea A O 99.7
    Santolina chamaecyparissus A O 83.8
    Satureja hortensis A O 79.1
    Satureja hortensis A R 100.0
    Satureja montana A R 60.4
    Satureja montana A O 76.1
    Scorzonera hispanica A S 22.1
    Secale cereale A R 47.2
    Secale cereale A O 67.2
    Senecio vulgaris A S 23.2
    Senecio vulgaris A R 76.6
    Sesamum indicum A R 100.0
    Sesamum indicum A S 100.0
    Solanum dulcamara A R 54.5
    Solanum melanocerasum A S 45.4
    Solanum melanocerasum A R 85.2
    Solanum melanocerasum A O 88.7
    Solanum melongena A S 42.5
    Solanum melongena A R 85.9
    Sonchus oleraceus A R 25.6
    Sorghum caffrorum A R 39.6
    Sorghum dochna A S 30.0
    Sorghum dochna A R 48.0
    Sorghum dochna A O 62.0
    Sorghum durra A R 72.1
    Sorghum durra A O 94.6
    Sorghum sudanense A O 100.0
    Spinacia oleracea A S 23.6
    Stachys affinis A R 74.4
    Stachys byzantina A R 48.4
    Stachys byzantina A O 100.0
    Stellaria graminea A S 20.8
    Stellaria graminea A R 37.5
    Stellaria media A R 49.0
    Stellaria media A S 50.7
    Symphytum officinale A R 44.2
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium A R 100.0
    Raphanus sativus A R 83.5
    Raphanus sativus A R 84.7
    Raphanus Sativus A O 100.0
    Rheum officinale A O 44.0
    Ribes nigrum A O 100.0
    Ribes nigrum A R 100.0
    Ricinus communis A O 100.0
    Rosa rugosa A R 25.2
    Rosa rugosa A S 26.6
    Triticum spelta A R 26.4
    Triticum spelta A S 36.7
    Triticum spelta A O 51.9
    Tropaeolurn majus A R 25.8
    Urtica dioica A O 22.9
    Urtica dioica A S 30.6
    Vaccinhim Corymbosum A R 100.0
    Veratrum viride A R 33.2
    Verbascum thapsus A S 22.9
    Veronica beccabunga A R 52.8
    Veronica officinalis A R 84.2
    Vicia sativa A R 100.0
    Vicia villosa A S 32.9
    Vicia villosa A R 100.0
    Vigna angularis A R 54.0
    Vigna sesquipedalis A S 48.3
    Vigna sesquipedalis A R 73.0
    Vigna sesquipedalis A O 96.6
    Vigna unguiculata A R 70.7
    Vinca minor A S 22.1
    Vinca minor A R 88.4
    Vitis sp. A S 20.9
    Vitis sp. A R 30.4
    Xanthium sibiricum A S 39.2
    Xanthium sibiricum A R 47.8
    Xanthium sibiricum A O 70.1
    Zea mays A R 100.0
    Zea Mays A O 100.0
    Abelmochus esculentus G S 21.6
    Abelmochus esculentus G R 79.3
    Achillea millefolium G O 62.7
    Aconitum napellus G O 82.0
    Acorus calamus G S 100.0
    Ageratum conyzoides G S 49.3
    Alcea rosea G R 64.4
    Alchemilla mollis G S 21.5
    Alchemilla mollis G R 30.2
    Alchemilla mollis G O 55.7
    Allium ampeloprasum G O 36.1
    Allium ampeloprasum G R 52.8
    Allium ascalonicum G O 68.9
    Allium cepa G S 40.2
    Allium cepa G R 66.4
    Allium cepa G O 100.0
    Allium grande G R 36.4
    Allium sativum G S 29.5
    Allium sativum G R 68.4
    Allium sativum G O 100.0
    Allium schoenoprasum G S 47.1
    Allium schoenoprasum G R 61.7
    Allium tuberosum G S 23.8
    Tanacetum parthenium A S 30.4
    Tanacetum vulgare A S 28.6
    Tanacetum vulgare A R 100.0
    Taraxacum officinale A R 59.1
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus A R 43.5
    Thymus vulgaris A S 30.1
    Thymus x citriodorus A R 100.0
    Trichosanthes kirilowii A S 29.2
    Trichosanthes kirilowii A O 42.1
    Trigonella foenumgraecum A O 53.4
    Triticosecal spp. A R 44.8
    Triticum aestivum A R 65.5
    Triticum durum A O 53.9
    Apium graveolens G S 54.1
    Apium graveolens G R 84.1
    Aralia nudicaulis G R 51.8
    Arctium minus G S 25.4
    Armoracia rusticana G O 52.1
    Aronia melanocarpa G S 22.5
    Aronia melanocarpa G R 82.3
    Artemisia dracunculus G R 53.6
    Artemisia dracunculus G R 58.8
    Artemisia dracunculus G S 100.0
    Artemisia dracunculus G O 100.0
    Asclepias incarnate G S 26.9
    Asparagus officinalis G S 24.0
    Asparagus officinalis G R 65.9
    Asparagus offlcinalis G O 95.0
    Aster spp G O 48.4
    Beckmannia eruciformis G O 24.8
    Bellis perennis G O 52.6
    Beta vulgaris G S 45.3
    Beta vulgaris G R 100.0
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima G R 100.0
    Brassica cepticepa G R 52.9
    Brassica chinensis G R 41.9
    Brassica juncea G R 22.8
    Brassica Napus G S 22.9
    Brassica oleracea G R 45.5
    Brassica oleracea G R 47.1
    Brassica oleracea G S 62.9
    Brassica oleracea G R 77.9
    Brassica oleracea G O 100.0
    Brassica rapa G S 26.5
    Brassica rapa G R 38.9
    Brassica Rapa G R 53.6
    Calamintha nepeta G S 20.4
    Calamintha nepeta G O 78.0
    Camellia sinensis G O 100.0
    Campanula rapunculus G R 60.6
    Canna edulis G O 78.1
    Capsella bursa-pastoris G S 30.7
    Capsella bursa-pastoris G R 60.6
    Capsicum annuum G S 70.8
    Capsicum annuum G O 80.0
    Capsicum annuum G R 100.0
    Capsicum frutescens G S 63.2
    Capsicum frutescens G R 100.0
    Carthamus tinctorius G R 100.0
    Centaurea solstitialis G S 46.4
    Allium tuberosum G O 54.5
    Allium tuberosum G R 85.9
    Aloe vera G R 53.6
    Althaea officinalis G S 37.4
    Altheaa officinalis G S 42.4
    Amaranthus caudathus G S 30.9
    Amaranthus caudathus G O 56.7
    Amaranthus gangeticus G S 23.1
    Anethum graveolens G S 23.9
    Angelica archangelica G S 22.0
    Angelica archangelica G S 24.9
    Apium graveolens G O 33.0
    Apium graveolens G R 44.8
    Cosmos sulphureus G S 79.4
    Cucumis sativus G S 39.9
    Cucumis sativus G S 39.9
    Cucurbita maxima G S 33.9
    Cucurbita maxima G R 43.4
    Cucurbita maxima G O 100.0
    Cucurbita moschata G S 41.3
    Cucurbita pepo G S 42.8
    Cucurbita pepo G S 45.4
    Cucurbita Pepo G R 83.0
    Cuminum cyminum G O 66.2
    Curcuma zedoaria G R 33.9
    Cymbopogon citratus G R 65.8
    Cymbopogon martini motia G S 41.4
    Cymbopogon martinii motia G O 60.5
    Dactylis glomerata G S 21.9
    Dactylis glomerata G O 61.2
    Datura stramonium G S 27.0
    Daucus carota G O 21.3
    Daucus carota G S 31.0
    Daucus carota G R 100.0
    Digitalis purpurea G S 30.9
    Dipsacus sativus G O 63.6
    Dirca palustris G O 23.1
    Dolichos Lablab G S 33.0
    Dryopteris filix-mas G R 100.0
    Echinacea purpurea G R 93.4
    Eleusine coracana G S 30.0
    Erigeron speciosus G S 28.9
    Errhenatherum elatius G S 55.6
    Eruca vesicaria G R 54.7
    Eschscholzia californica G S 47.9
    Eschscholzia californica G O 75.9
    Fagopyrum tartaricum G O 41.1
    Filipendula rubra G R 38.5
    Foeniculum vulgare G R 70.0
    Foeniculum Vulgare G S 100.0
    Galinsoga ciliata G S 34.6
    Galinsoga ciliata G R 48.2
    Gaultheria hispidula G R 60.5
    Gaultheria hispidula G 0 100.0
    Gaultheria hispidula G S 100.0
    Glaux maritima G R 59.3
    Glycine max G R 21.1
    Glycine max G S 24.4
    Glycine max G O 28.1
    Guizotia abyssinica G S 26.0
    Cerastium tomentosum G R 52.3
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus G S 22.0
    Chenopodium quinoa G S 31.0
    Chenopodium quinoa G O 53.4
    Chrysanthsmun coronarium G R 76.2
    Chrysanthenum coronarium G R 54.2
    Cioer arietinum G S 23.1
    Cichorium endivia subsp endivia G S 28.7
    Cichorium endivia subsp endivia G O 68.7
    Cichorium intybus G S 41.4
    Cichorium intybus G O 62.1
    Circium arvense G S 25.3
    Circium arvense G R 59.3
    Citrullus lanatus G S 24.8
    Citrullus lanatus G R 41.1
    Citrullus lanatus G R 100.0
    Cosmos sulphureus G R 77.9
    Iberis amara G S 21.2
    Inula helenium G S 24.3
    Lactuca sativa G R 100.0
    Lactuca serriola G R 69.3
    Laportea canadensis G R 100.0
    Lathyrus sylvestris G O 39.6
    Lavandula angustifolia G O 70.0
    Lavandula latifolia G S 22.7
    Lepidium Sativum G R 30.6
    Lepidium sativum G S 53.3
    Levisticum officinale G O 80.7
    Lolium multiflorum G O 34.5
    Lotus corniculatus G S 32.9
    Lotus corniculatus G O 100.0
    Lotus tetragonolobus G R 79.9
    Lycoparsicon esculentum G S 28.2
    Lycopersicon esculentum G R 75.4
    Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium G R 81.4
    Malus hupehensis G R 32.5
    Malus hupehensis G S 41.2
    Malva moschata G O 47.1
    Malva sylvestris G S 23.1
    Malva verticillata G R 39.9
    Matricaria recutita G O 30.0
    Matricaria recutita G S 71.3
    Melaleuca attemifolia G O 58.3
    Melilotus aba G S 41.1
    Melilotus albus G 0 88.8
    Melilotus abus G R 100.0
    Melissa officinalis G O 47.8
    Mentha arvensis G R 33.9
    Mentha arvensis G O 63.3
    Mentha piperita G S 32.3
    Mentha piperita G O 85.9
    Mentha piperita G R 100.0
    Mentha spicata G S 28.9
    Mentha spicata G R 37.5
    Mentha suaveotens G R 25.6
    Mentha suaveotens G O 70.3
    Momordica charantia G R 52.9
    Monarda didyma G S 22.0
    Monarda didyma G O 100.0
    Monarda fistulosa G O 26.0
    Guizotia abyssinica G R 36.8
    Guizotia abyssinica G O 100.0
    Hedeoma pulegioides G O 94.6
    Helianthus annuus G S 35.5
    Helianthus annuus G O 75.0
    Helianthus annuus G R 79.9
    Helianthus strumosus G O 100.0
    Helianthus tuberosus G R 64.2
    Helichrysum thianschanicum G O 61.1
    Helleborus niger G R 48.0
    Hordeum hexastichon G S 26.8
    Hordeum vulgare G O 65.4
    Hordeum vulgare subsp. Vulgare G O 75.8
    Humulus lupulus G S 26.0
    Hypericum henryi G R 20.2
    Hypericum henryi G O 71.1
    Hyssopus officinalis G O 100.0
    Pastinaca sativa G S 24.3
    Pastinaca sativa G R 90.2
    Petroselinum crispum G R 87.6
    Petroselinum crispum G O 100.0
    Phalaris canariensis G R 100.0
    Phalaris canariensis G O 100.0
    Phaseolus acutifolius G R 79.6
    Phaseolus coccineus G S 28.3
    Phaseolus coccineus G R 80.4
    Phaseolus mungo G R 37.2
    Phaseolus vulgaris G R 64.3
    Phaseolus vulgaris G S 59.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris G O 73.7
    Phaseolus vulgaris G R 100.0
    Phlox paniculata G R 37.7
    Phlox paniculata G O 77.0
    Phlox paniculata G R 80.8
    Physalis ixocarpa G S 30.5
    Physalis ixocarpa G R 78.3
    Physalis ixocarpa G R 80.9
    Physalis pruinosa G O 63.2
    Phytolacca americana G S 36.1
    Phytolacca americana G O 100.0
    Pimpinella anisum G S 26.1
    Pimpinella anisum G R 30.0
    Pisum sativum G S 28.4
    Plantago coronopus G R 27.8
    Plantago coronopus G O 51.1
    Plantago coronopus G R 67.5
    Plantago major G S 30.3
    Plantago major G O 64.6
    Poa compressa G O 63.0
    Poa compressa G S 67.4
    Poa compressa G R 89.0
    Poa pratensis G S 28.2
    Polygonum aviculare G R 100.0
    Polygonum pensylvanicum G S 27.7
    Polygonum pensylvanicum G O 54.1
    Polygonum persicaria G S 32.0
    Polygonum persicaria G O 35.7
    Polygonum persicaria G R 100.0
    Portulaca oleracera G R 51.5
    Poterium sanguisorba G O 89.9
    Nepeta cataria G S 23.4
    Nicotiana tabacum G S 45.2
    Nigella sativa G R 94.7
    Ocimum basilicum G S 23.0
    Ocimum basilicum G O 100.0
    Ocimum tenuiflorum G R 45.3
    Oerothera biennis G R 54.3
    Origanum majorana G O 100.0
    Origanum majorana G R 100.0
    Origanum vulgare G R 93.3
    Origanum vulgare G O 93.5
    Origanum vulgare G S 97.4
    Oxalis Deppei G S 28.7
    Oxalis Deppei G R 87.2
    Oxalis Deppei G O 100.0
    Oxyria digyna G R 54.5
    Panicum miliaceum G 0 71.1
    Panicum miliaceum G R 100.0
    Panicum miliaceum G S 100.0
    Passiflora caerula G S 26.3
    Passiflora caerula G R 72.1
    Rubus occidentalis G R 35.1
    Rumex crispus G R 30.3
    Rumex crispus G S 100.0
    Rumex patientia G R 41.0
    Rumex patientia G S 41.9
    Ruta graveolens G S 47.9
    Ruta graveolens G R 82.1
    Saccharum officinarum G R 100.0
    Salvia elegens G O 100.0
    Salvia officinalis G S 35.3
    Salvia officinalis G O 100.0
    Salvia officinalis G R 100.0
    Sambucus ebulus G R 53.9
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G S 36.4
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G 0 69.5
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G R 100.0
    Saponaria officinalis G S 29.8
    Satureja hortensis G O 97.4
    Satureja hortensis G R 100.0
    Satureja montana G O 59.2
    Satureja repandra G S 35.3
    Satureja repandra G O 66.2
    Scorzonera hispanica G S 24.5
    Scrophularia nodosa G S 24.5
    Scrophularia nodosa G O 30.0
    Scrophularia nodosa G R 55.6
    Scutellaria lateriflora G S 20.3
    Scutellaria lateriflora G R 83.1
    Secale cereale G O 51.1
    Senecio vulgaris G R 42.5
    Sesamum indicum G S 34.3
    Sesamum indicum G R 44.5
    Silene vulgaris G S 34.1
    Sium sisarum G O 100.0
    Solarium melanocerasum G S 40.6
    Solanum melanocerasum G R 85.4
    solanum melongena G S 58.2
    solanum melongena G O 83.0
    solanum melongena G R 85.6
    Poterium sanguisorba G R 100.0
    Poterium sanquisorba G S 23.7
    Prunella vulgaris G S 26.7
    Prunus cerasifera G R 95.3
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G R 41.7
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G S 43.5
    Raphanus sativus G R 41.0
    Raphanus sativus G S 44.6
    Raphanus sativus G R 50.5
    Raphanus sativus G R 86.1
    Raphanus sativus G O 100.0
    Reseda odorata G O 58.3
    Rheum officinale G O 30.7
    Ribes nigrum G O 54.3
    Ribes nigrum G R 63.8
    Ribes Sylvestre G R 100.0
    Ricinus communis G R 41.5
    Ricinus communis G O 100.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis G R 90.0
    Rubus idaeus G S 37.1
    Rubus ideaus G R 26.6
    Thymus vulgaris G S 23.3
    Thymus vulgaris G R 86.4
    Thymus x citriodorus G R 97.6
    Tragopogon porrifolius G R 76.2
    Trichosanthes kirilowii G O 87.7
    Trigonella foenumgraecum G S 31.0
    Trigonella foenumgraecum G O 84.0
    Triticosecale spp G S 26.5
    Triticosecale spp G O 73.5
    Triticum aestivum G R 62.4
    Triticum durum G O 51.9
    Triticum spelta G S 24.5
    Triticum spelta G O 32.9
    Triticum turgidum G O 25.1
    Tropaeolum majus G S 21.3
    Tropaeolum majus G R 45.6
    Urtica dioica G S 21.3
    Urtica dioica G O 100.0
    Valerianella locusta G O 32.2
    Veratrum viride G R 77.7
    Verbascum thapsus G S 34.0
    Veronica beccabunga G R 44.1
    Veronica officinalis G S 38.8
    Veronica officinalis G R 87.5
    Viburnum trilobum G O 62.6
    Vicia faba G S 22.2
    Vicia sativa G 0 74.8
    Vicia sativa G R 100.0
    Vicia villosa G R 100.0
    Vigna angularis G R 65.2
    Vigna sesquipedalis G S 35.1
    Vigna sesquipedalis G R 73.8
    Vigna sesquipedalis G O 100.0
    Vigna unguiculata G S 65.9
    Vigna unguiculata G R 84.5
    Vinca minor G S 22.1
    Vitis sp. G R 40.1
    Vitis sp. G O 74.7
    Withania somnifera G S 37.3
    Solarium tuberosum G O 40.2
    Sonchus oleraceus G R 41.1
    Sorghum dochna G S 25.0
    Sorghum dochna G O 64.3
    Sorghum dochna G R 100.0
    sorghum durra G R 60.1
    Sorghum durra G O 100.0
    Sorghum sudanense G O 98.0
    Spinacia oleracea G S 24.9
    Spinacia oleracea G O 100.0
    Stachys byzantina G R 78.8
    Stellaria graminea G S 29.3
    Stellaria media G S 33.4
    Stellaria media G R 45.4
    Symphytum officinale G O 57.5
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium G R 100.0
    Tanacetum parthenium G R 28.2
    Tanacetum vulgare G S 25.2
    Tanacetum vulgare G R 39.3
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 81.2
    Taraxacum officinale G R 51.1
    Thymus fragantissimus G S 29.9
    Thymus fragantissimus G O 55.3
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G S 27.7
    Thymus serpyllum G R 74.9
    Allium ascalonicum T S 20.4
    Allium ascalonicum T O 73.4
    Allium cepa T S 33.8
    Allium cepa T S 35.6
    Allium cepa T R 48.0
    Allium cepa T R 78.6
    Allium grande T R 32.4
    Allium schoenoprasum T R 67.7
    Allium tuberosum T S 38.8
    Allium tuberosum T O 82.5
    Allium tuberosum T R 85.2
    Aloe vera T R 74.6
    Althaea officianalis T S 37.7
    Althaea officinalis T O 55.3
    Althaea officinalis T R 72.3
    Amaranthus caudathus T O 53.5
    Amaranthus gangeticus T S 28.1
    Ananas comosus T R 37.9
    Ananas comosus T O 100.0
    angelica archangelica T R 41.3
    Anthemis nobilis T O 100.0
    Anthemis nobilis T R 100.0
    Antnriscus cerefolium T S 21.9
    Anthriscus cerefolium T O 67.1
    Apium graveolens T R 35.5
    Apium graveolens T R 52.1
    Aralia cordata T R 100.0
    Aralia nudicaulis T R 31.2
    Arctium minus T S 31.3
    Arctium minus T O 73.7
    Armoracia rusticana T O 49.8
    Arrhenatherum elatius T O 100.0
    Artemisia dracunlus T S 100.0
    Asclepias incarnata T S 32.3
    Asparagus officinalis T S 48.2
    Withania somnifera G O 91.0
    Xanthium sibiricum G S 38.4
    Xanthium sibiricum G O 100.0
    Xanthium strumarium G S 37.7
    Xanthium strumarium G O 39.6
    Xanthium strumarium G R 40.0
    Zea mays G S 43.3
    Zea mays G O 64.4
    Zea mays G R 68.3
    Perilla frutescens T R 100.0
    Abies lasiocarpa T S 20.2
    Abies lasiocarpa T R 59.1
    Achillea millefolium T O 84.7
    Aconitum napellus T O 22.0
    Aconitum napellus T R 100.0
    Adiantum pedatum T R 100.0
    Agaricus bisporus T R 52.1
    Agaricus bisporus T R 65.6
    Ageratum conyzoides T S 26.7
    Agropyron repens T S 30.2
    Agrostis Stolonifera T O 100.0
    Alcea rosea T R 63.7
    Alchemilla mollis T R 28.6
    Allium ampeloprasum T R 55.9
    Allium ampeloprasum T O 60.4
    Camellia sinensis T R 43.8
    Camellia sinensis T O 66.2
    Canna edulis T O 100.0
    Cantharellus cibarias T S 26.0
    Capsicum annuum T S 54.6
    Capsicum annuum T R 100.0
    Capsicum frutescens T S 60.9
    Capsicum frutescens T R 100.0
    Carex morrowii T R 24.4
    Carica papaya T S 20.8
    Carthamus tinctorius T R 39.6
    Carya cordiformis T R 100.0
    Cerastium tomentosum T R 54.8
    Chaerophylium bulbosum T S 42.2
    Chaerophylium bulbosum T R 74.3
    Chelidonium majus T S 20.3
    Chenopodium quinoa T O 76.0
    Chrysanthemum coronarium T S 30.6
    Chrysanthemum parthenium T R 57.2
    chrysanthemun coronarium T R 56.5
    Chrysanthenum coronarium T R 81.6
    Cicer arietinum T O 32.2
    Cichorium endivia subsp endivia T R 27.1
    Cichorium endivia subsp. Endivia T S 26.9
    Cichorium endivia subsp. Endivia T O 64.5
    Cichorium intybus T S 22.7
    Cichorium intybus T R 53.5
    Cimicifuga racemosa T S 41.1
    Cimicifuga racemosa T R 68.4
    Circium arvense T S 42.5
    Circium arvense T R 64.5
    Citrullus lanatus T S 72.4
    Citrullus lanatus T O 92.2
    Citrullus lanatus T R 100.0
    Citrus limettoides T O 77.1
    Atriplex hortensis T R 28.4
    Avena sativa T R 31.3
    Avena sativa T O 70.6
    Avena sativa T R 100.0
    Averrhoa carambola T R 44.0
    Bellis perennis T R 82.0
    Beta vulgaris T S 33.7
    Beta vulgaris T R 100.0
    Betula glandulosa T O 53.5
    Boletus edulis T S 21.8
    Borago officinalis T S 42.3
    Borago officinalis T R 78.5
    Brassica hirta T R 53.1
    Brassica hirta T O 68.9
    Brassica Napus T S 45.1
    Brassica Napus T R 82.9
    Brassica oleracea T R 38.8
    Brassica oleracea T R 49.7
    Brassica oleracea T O 75.5
    Brassica oleracea T R 77.0
    Brassica oleracea T S 77.2
    Brassica rapa T R 25.4
    Brassica rapa T O 37.9
    Brassica rapa T S 47.7
    Brassica rapa T R 64.7
    Brassica rapa T R 81.8
    Calamintha nepeta T O 57.6
    Calendula officinalis T S 32.6
    Camellia sinensis T S 21.0
    Cucurbita pepo T O 98.9
    Cuminum cyminum T O 54.0
    Curcuma zedoaria T S 100.0
    Cymbopogon citratus T S 21.0
    Cymbopogon martinii motia T S 27.5
    Cynara scolymus T S 23.1
    Cynara scolymus T O 83.4
    Cyperus esculentus T R 100.0
    Dactilis Glomerata T S 30.8
    Dactilis Glomerata T O 34.5
    Daucus carota T S 27.1
    Daucus carota T R 56.8
    Daucus Carota T O 100.0
    Digitalis purpurea T S 38.4
    Dirca palustris T S 45.9
    Dolichos lablab T S 46.6
    Dryopteris filix-mas T O 29.5
    Dryopteris filix-mas T R 100.0
    Echinacea purpurea T R 59.3
    Echinacea purpurea T O 87.8
    Eleusine coracana T S 28.6
    Eleusine coracana T R 80.0
    Erigeron canadensis T O 100.0
    Eruca vesicaria T R 60.5
    Erysimum perofskianum T S 28.2
    Erysimum perofskianum T R 85.2
    Eschscholzia californica T S 49.9
    Eschscholzia californica T O 74.5
    Fagopyrum esculentum T O 52.9
    Fagopyrum tartaricum T S 25.6
    Fagopyrum tartaricum T R 68.4
    Citrus limon T R 43.6
    Citrus paradisi T S 21.8
    Citrus paradisi T R 90.9
    Citrus sinensis T R 46.7
    Colocasia sp T R 43.4
    Colocasia sp T O 84.3
    Corchorus olitorius T R 22.7
    Coriandrum sativum T S 20.4
    Cornus canadensis T S 66.0
    Cosmos sulphureus T R 47.1
    Crataegus submollis T S 21.2
    Crataegus submollis T O 94.3
    Cucumis anguria T S 49.4
    Cucumis anguria T R 84.1
    Cucumis melo T S 56.6
    Cucumis melo T R 92.4
    Cucumis melo T O 100.0
    Cucumis metuliferus T S 29.5
    Cucumis sativus T S 28.3
    Cucurbita maxima T S 26.7
    Cucurbita maxima T O 34.7
    Cucurbita maxima T R 62.1
    Cucurbita moschata T R 30.7
    Cucurbita moschata T S 33.4
    Cucurbita moschata T S 48.3
    Cucurbita moschata T R 98.8
    Cucurbita moschata T O 100.0
    Cucurbita pepo T S 45.8
    Cucurbita pepo T R 80.2
    Helleborus niger T R 23.0
    Hibiscus cannabinus T R 37.9
    Hordeum vulgare T O 75.9
    Hordeum vulgare supsp vulgare T S 20.5
    Hordeum vulgare supsp vulgare T O 62.3
    Humulus lupulus T S 44.7
    Humulus lupulus T O 70.6
    Hypericurn henryi T O 76.8
    Hypericurn henryi T R 99.8
    Hypericurn perforatum T R 38.8
    Hyssopus officinalis T O 100.0
    Iberis amara T O 100.0
    Juniperus communis T S 100.0
    Kochia scoparia T S 25.2
    Koeleria glauca T S 23.1
    Lactuca sativa T R 70.5
    Lactuca serriola T R 34.1
    Laportea canadensis T R 61.3
    Lathyrus sylvestris T R 48.6
    Laurus nobilis T O 73.6
    Lavandula angustifolia T R 35.0
    Lavandula angustifolia T O 100.0
    Lavandula latifolia T O 77.1
    Lepidium sativum T S 35.2
    Lepidium sativum T R 48.1
    Lepidium sativum T O 72.9
    Levisticum officinale T S 38.7
    Levisticum officinale T O 60.3
    Linum usitatissimum T R 24.7
    Lolium multiflorum T S 39.8
    Lolium multiflorum T O 74.1
    Fagopyrum tartaricum T O 100.0
    Festuca rubra T O 51.6
    Festuca rubra T S 56.6
    Festuca rubra T R 71.7
    Foeniculum vulgare T S 36.5
    Foeniculum vulgare T R 41.4
    Foeniculum vulgare T 0 100.0
    Fortunella spp T R 53.9
    Fragaria xananassa T R 28.1
    Galinsoga ciliata T S 43.2
    Galinsoga ciliata T R 73.3
    Galium odoratum T S 42.0
    Galium odoratum T O 94.2
    Glaux Maritima T R 24.8
    Glycine max T R 37.2
    Glycine max T O 100.0
    Glycine max T R 100.0
    Glycine max T S 100.0
    Gossypium herbaceum T R 48.7
    Guizotia abyssinica T S 26.8
    Guizotia abyssinica T R 100.0
    Hedeoma pulegioides T R 20.3
    Hedeoma pulegioides T O 72.7
    Helianthus annuus T R 56.1
    Helianthus strumosus T O 100.0
    Helianthus tuberosus T S 25.3
    Helianthus tuberosus T R 28.1
    Helianthus tuberosus T O 78.6
    Helianthus tuberosus T R 91.5
    Helichrysum angustifolium T R 83.4
    Helichrysum angustifolium T S 88.3
    Helichrysum thianschanicum T O 26.0
    Heliotropium arborescens T R 100.0
    Nepeta cataria T S 69.0
    Nepeta cataria T O 100.0
    Nicotiana rustica T S 52.8
    Nicotiana rustica T R 88.1
    Nicotiana tabacum T S 50.3
    Nicotiana tabacum T R 91.5
    Nigella sativa T R 34.2
    Nigella sativa T R 90.3
    Nigella sativa T R 100.0
    Ocimum Basilicum T S 21.6
    Ocimum Basilicum T O 100.0
    Ocimum tenuiflorum T R 44.5
    Oenothera biennis T R 48.2
    Onobrychis viciifolia T S 34.4
    Onobrychis viciifolia T O 35.6
    Opuntia sp. T S 23.5
    Origanum vulgare T S 20.7
    Origanum vulgare T R 76.7
    Origanum vulgare T O 100.0
    Oryza sativa T R 60.8
    Oxalis Deppei T S 22.2
    Oxalis Deppei T R 81.4
    Passiflora caerulea T S 36.9
    Passiflora caerulea T R 87.0
    Passiflora spp T R 54.6
    Pastinaca sativa T S 24.8
    Pastinaca sativa T R 74.7
    Lonicera ramosissima T S 34.4
    Lonicera ramosissima T O 80.5
    Lonicera syringantha T R 58.4
    Lotus corniculatus T S 36.0
    Lotus corniculatus T O 100.0
    Lotus tetragonolobus T R 76.1
    Lunaria annua T R 47.4
    Lycopersicon esculentum T R 69.7
    Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium T R 58.7
    Malus hupehensis T R 53.1
    Malus hupehensis T S 100.0
    Malus sp. T R 72.6
    Malva moschata T O 96.7
    Malva verticillata T R 35.8
    Manihot esculenta T R 53.7
    Melaleuca altemifolia T S 21.5
    Melaleuca attemifolia T O 78.7
    Melilotus albus T R 79.7
    Melilotus officinalis T S 34.6
    Melilotus officinalis T R 100.0
    Melissa officinalis T O 100.0
    Mentha piperita T S 24.5
    Mentha pulegium T O 100.0
    Mentha suaveolens T O 20.9
    Miscanthus sinensis Andress T S 69.1
    Momordica charantia T R 54.9
    Monarda didyma T S 31.3
    Monarda fistulosa T S 21.3
    Monarda fistulosa T O 100.0
    Montia perfoliata T R 67.2
    Musa paradisiaca T R 47.3
    nasturtium officinale T S 55.7
    Nepeta cataria T S 20.7
    Plantago major T S 22.3
    Plectranthus sp. T S 59.2
    Pleurotus spp T R 26.6
    Poa compressa T S 33.4
    Poa compressa T R 75.7
    Poa compressa T O 100.0
    Poa pratensis T S 25.4
    Polygonum pensylvanicum T O 66.8
    Polygonum pensylvanicum T R 73.3
    Polygonum persicaria T S 27.1
    Polygonum persicaria T O 50.8
    Populus incrassata T O 74.3
    Populus incrassata T S 100.0
    Prunus armeniaca T R 55.0
    Prunus cerasus T O 100.0
    Prunus persica T S 26.0
    Prunus persica T R 46.2
    Psoralea corylifolia T S 47.4
    Pteridium aquilinum T R 100.0
    Pyrus communis T R 42.8
    Raphanus raphanistrum T S 24.4
    Raphanus raphanistrum T R 56.9
    Raphanus raphanistrum T O 62.1
    Raphanus raphanistrum T O 100.0
    Raphanus sativus T R 48.9
    Raphanus sativus T S 59.8
    Raphanus sativus T R 81.6
    Perroselinum crispum T R 85.2
    Perroselinum crispum T O 100.0
    Persea americana T R 43.1
    Petasites Japonious T S 21.9
    Petroselinum crispum T R 52.8
    Peucedanum oreaselinum T R 41.9
    Phalaris canariensis T R 41.1
    Phalaris canariensis T O 100.0
    Phaseolus acutifolius T R 88.2
    Phaseolus coccineus T S 22.2
    Phaseolus coccineus T R 36.4
    Phaseolus coccineus T R 86.7
    Phaseolus coccineus T O 100.0
    Phaseolus mungo T S 43.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris T S 62.9
    Phaseolus vulgaris T R 71.9
    Phaseolus vulgaris T R 73.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 100.0
    Phlox paniculata T R 23.1
    Phlox paniculata T R 92.8
    Physalis alkekengi T R 39.5
    Physalis ixocarpa T R 36.7
    Physalis ixocarpa T R 75.9
    Physalis pruinosa T R 65.6
    Physalis pruinosa T R 71.0
    Physalis pruinosa T O 100.0
    Physalis pruinosa T O 100.0
    Phytolacca decandra T S 39.3
    Phytolacca decandra T O 42.0
    Pimpinella anisum T S 27.9
    Pimpinella anisum T R 35.8
    Pimpinella anisum T O 49.9
    Pimpinella anisum T R 55.5
    Pisum sativum T S 22.3
    Plantago coronopus T R 35.2
    Plantago coronopus T R 46.0
    Plantago coronopus T O 73.5
    Scolymus hispanicus T R 35.8
    Scorzorera hipanica T R 99.4
    Scrophularia nodosa T S 29.1
    Scrophularia nodosa T R 90.1
    Scrophularia nodosa T O 100.0
    Scutellaria lateriflora T S 30.9
    Scutellaria lateriflora T R 63.9
    Secale cereale T O 100.0
    Senecio vulgaris T S 24.7
    Senecio vulgaris T R 32.2
    Sesamum indicum T R 100.0
    Silene vulgaris T S 25.6
    Sium sisarum T O 81.4
    Sium sisarum T O 100.0
    Solanum melanocerasum T S 28.0
    Solanum melanocerasum T R 78.8
    Solanum melanocerasum T R 99.6
    Solanum melongena T S 70.5
    Sorghum caffrorum T S 28.1
    Sorghum dochna T R 40.6
    Sorghum dochna T O 100.0
    Sorghum durra T R 29.7
    Sorghum durra T O 73.9
    Reseda odorata T O 71.3
    Rhamnus frangula T O 44.6
    Rhamnus frangula T R 74.4
    Rheum officinale T O 73.9
    Rheum officinale T S 100.0
    Ricinus communis T O 100.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis T O 100.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis T R 100.0
    Rubus ideaus T R 78.1
    Rumex acetosella T R 42.2
    Rumex crispus T 0 73.1
    Rumex patientia T S 52.0
    Ruta graveolens T S 34.7
    Ruta graveolens T 0 100.0
    Saccharum officinarum T S 59.6
    Saccharum officinarum T R 66.1
    Salvia elegans T S 36.3
    Salvia elegans T O 44.3
    Salvia officinalis T S 28.2
    Salvia officinalis T O 100.0
    Salvia sclarea T R 38.6
    Sambucus canadensis T S 36.3
    Sambucus canadensis T R 64.5
    Sambucus canadensis T O 100.0
    Sanguisorba minor T O 73.1
    Sanguisorba minor T R 100.0
    Santolina chamaecyparissus T 0 27.7
    Santolina chamaecyparissus T R 100.0
    Saponaria officinalis T R 100.0
    Satureja hortensis T O 62.2
    Satureja hortensis T R 100.0
    Satureja montana T S 34.7
    Satureja montana T O 36.3
    Satureja montana T R 100.0
    Satureja repandra T O 47.0
    Satureja repandra T S 47.6
    Satureja repandra T R 84.6
    Typha latifolia T S 29.2
    Urtica dioica T S 29.5
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 59.4
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 100.0
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T S 51.1
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T O 64.7
    Vaterianella locusta T S 22.7
    Valerianella locusta T O 24.8
    Veronica beccabunga T R 33.3
    Veronica officinalis T R 59.2
    Veronica officinalis T O 100.0
    Viburnum trilobum T O 71.2
    Vicia faba T S 25.5
    Vicia faba T R 27.0
    Vicia sativa T O 56.6
    Vicia villosa T R 100.0
    Vigna angularis T R 49.2
    Vigna sesquipedalis T R 77.4
    Vigna sesquipedalis T O 100.0
    Vigna unguiculata T S 27.2
    Vigna unguiculata T R 59.0
    Vinca minor T R 39.2
    Vitis sp. T R 31.9
    Sorghum sudanense T R 74.6
    Sorghum sudanense T O 100.0
    Spinacia oleracea T S 28.5
    Spinacia oleracea T O 62.7
    Stachys byzantina T R 68.9
    Stachys byzantina T O 100.0
    Stellaria media T S 21.4
    Stellaria media T R 87.1
    Stipa capillata T R 37.5
    Symphytum officinale T O 58.5
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium T O 100.0
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium T R 100.0
    Tanacetum parthenium T R 100.0
    Tanacetum vulgare T R 20.8
    Taraxacum officinale T R 76.3
    Teucrium chamaedrys T O 75.6
    Thalpsi arvense T O 64.1
    Thymus fragantissimus T S 21.4
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus T S 36.4
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T S 21.1
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T O 75.4
    Thymus serpyllum T O 64.2
    Thymus vulgaris T R 71.5
    Thymus X citriodorus T S 27.6
    Tragopogon porrifolium T S 44.8
    Tragopogon porrifolius T O 39.1
    Tragopogon porrifolius T R 57.9
    Tragopogon sp. T R 20.0
    Trifolium repens T R 79.7
    Trigonella foenum graecum T O 28.4
    Trigonella foenum graecum T S 34.8
    Triticosecale spp T S 28.5
    Triticosecale spp T O 100.0
    Triticum aestivum T R 32.9
    Triticum aestivum T O 67.7
    Triticum durum T O 47.7
    Triticum spelta T O 37.1
    Triticum turgidumm T O 41.2
    Tropaeolum majus T S 42.7
    Tropaeolum majus T R 77.6
    Tsuga diversifolia T R 53.4
    Vitis sp. T S 36.3
    Vitis sp. T O 72.2
    Weigela coraeensis T S 32.9
    Weigela coraeensis T R 61.5
    Withania somnifera T S 36.1
    Withania somnifera T O 83.3
    Xanthium sibiricum T S 32.1
    Xanthium sibiricum T R 33.2
    Xanthium sibiricum T O 62.4
    Xanthium strumarium T S 47.2
    Xanthium strumarium T O 74.3
    Zea mays T R 55.7
    Zea mays T O 100.0
    Zingiber officinale T R 79.0
  • [0147]
    TABLE 3
    MMP-3
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Achillea millefolium A O 21.4
    Allium Tuberosum A S 32.5
    Anethum graveolens A S 26.0
    Anthemis nobilis A R 20.3
    Anthemis tinctoria A R 58.0
    Apium graveolens A R 34.1
    Arctium minus A R 53.9
    Arctium minus A O 100.0
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A S 58.6
    Aronia melanocarpa A R 32.2
    Artemisia Absinthium A O 100.0
    Artemisia dracunculus A R 23.4
    Artemisia dracunculus A S 63.0
    Aster sp A O 42.4
    Atropa belladonna A O 23.8
    Beta vulgaris A S 24.1
    Beta vulgaris A O 42.9
    Beta vulgaris A O 94.3
    Beta vulgaris A R 97.9
    Beta vulgaris var. condivata A O 21.2
    Brassica napus A S 25.0
    Brassica napus A O 100.0
    Brassica oleracea A S 39.9
    Canna edulis A S 39.6
    Capsicum annuum A S 35.4
    Capsicum frutescens A S 27.2
    Cichorium intybus A O 20.2
    Cichorium intybus A R 26.5
    Cichorium intybus A S 28.2
    Citrullus lanatus A S 21.7
    Citrullus lanatus A O 27.8
    Citrullus lanatus A R 34.4
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi A S 37.3
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi A O 78.1
    Cosmos sulphureus A R 26.8
    Crataegus submollis A S 22.3
    Crataegus submollis A R 61.6
    Cucumis anguria A S 27.8
    Cucurbita Maxima A S 28.9
    Cucurbita moschata A S 32.9
    Cucurbita pepo A S 50.9
    Datisca cannabina A R 43.3
    Datisca cannabina A S 100.0
    Digitalis purpurea A R 20.0
    Dipsacus sativus A R 64.8
    Dirca palustris A S 29.6
    Dryopteris filix-mas A R 22.0
    Dryopteris filix-mas A O 32.8
    Echinacea purpurea A O 100.0
    Fagopyrum tataricum A R 28.3
    Fagopyrum tataricum A O 29.7
    Filipendula rubra A S 43.7
    Filipendula rubra A R 63.2
    Fragaria x ananassa A R 41.5
    Fragaria x ananassa A S 67.1
    Fragaria x ananassa A O 99.6
    Fragariax ananassa A R 31.7
    Gaultheria hispidula A R 50.5
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A R 56.2
    Hypericum perforatum A R 31.7
    Hyssopus officinalis A R 21.6
    Iris versicolor A R 53.6
    Isatis tinctoria A S 32.9
    Levisticum officinale A O 46.7
    Lotus tetragonolobus A R 26.2
    Matricaria recutita A S 43.5
    Matteucia pensylvanica A R 24.7
    Melissa officinalis A S 30.3
    Mentha suaveolens A R 91.7
    Nepeta cataria A S 30.3
    Nigella sativa A O 26.0
    Ocinum tenuiflorum A O 33.0
    Ocinum tenuiflorum A R 49.8
    Perilla frutescens A R 34.8
    Petasites japonicus A R 38.0
    Phaseolus mungo A O 62.6
    Phaseolus vulgaris A S 21.2
    Phaseolus vulgaris A O 50.6
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A R 100.0
    Phlox paniculata A S 46.4
    Physalis alkekengi A O 37.5
    Plantago major A O 27.3
    Polygonum aviculare linné A S 24.8
    Polygonum persicaria A S 59.1
    Potentilia anserina A R 40.1
    Poterium sanguisorba A R 75.7
    Prunus cerasifera A R 80.0
    Ptaridium aquilinus A R 39.6
    Raphanus raphanistrum A S 28.2
    Raphanus sativus A S 64.4
    Ribes nigrum A O 47.6
    ribes uva-crispa A R 21.0
    ribes uva-crispa A O 100.0
    Rosa rugosa A S 21.4
    Rosmarinus officinalis A R 27.3
    Rubus allegheniensis A R 81.0
    Rubus arcticus A R 51.0
    Rubus canadensis A R 48.8
    Rubus idaeus A S 28.5
    Rubus idaeus A R 35.1
    Rubus pubescens A O 50.4
    Rubus thibetanus A O 39.1
    Rumex patientia A S 24.8
    Ruta graveolens A O 56.1
    Salvia officinalis A R 43.2
    Santolina chamaecyparissus A R 27.0
    Scutellaria lateriflora A R 53.5
    Solarium melongena A S 21.8
    Solidago canadensis A S 27.4
    Stachys affinis A S 100.0
    Stellaria media A O 24.4
    Tanacetum vulgare A R 62.1
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus A S 28.4
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus A O 31.8
    Trichosanthes kirilowii A S 23.2
    Vaccinium Corymbosum A R 100.0
    Vaccinium macrocarpon A S 48.6
    Vaccinum augustifolium A R 56.6
    Hedeoma pulegioides A O 51.7
    Helianthus tuberosus A O 22.9
    Hordeum vulgare subsp vulgare A S 36.0
    Hypericum henryi A R 67.2
    Vitis sp. A S 20.8
    Vitis sp. A O 21.5
    Vitis sp. A R 33.6
    Xanthium sibiricum A S 27.3
    Aconitum napellus G O 59.0
    Agropyron repens G O 69.4
    Alchemilla mollis G S 30.6
    Alchemilla mollis G O 73.3
    Allium grande G O 33.4
    Anethum graveolens G S 40.5
    Aronia melanocarpa G O 100.0
    Artemisia absinthium G S 31.3
    Artemisia absinthium G O 67.9
    Artemisia dracunculus G S 100.0
    Atropa belladonna G S 41.2
    Bellis perennis G S 48.4
    Brassica oleracea G S 26.4
    Brassica oleracea G O 40.6
    Brassica rapa G S 21.4
    Capsicum annuum G S 35.0
    Capsicum annuum G S 35.7
    Capsicum frutescens G S 27.5
    Chelidonium majus G O 34.7
    Cichorium intybus G R 34.4
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi G S 20.2
    Cosmos sulphureus G O 32.9
    Crataegus submollis G S 2S.6
    Crataegus submollis G R 28.6
    Cucumis anguria G S 33.6
    Cucurbita maxima G S 44.6
    Cucurbita moschata G S 33.4
    Cucurbita pepo G S 25.3
    Cymbopogon citratus G S 30.3
    Cymbopogon martinii G S 61.1
    Daucus carota G O 30.0
    Dryopteris filix-mas G S 26.0
    Dryopteris filix-mas G R 45.3
    Echinacea purpurea G O 51.8
    Echinochloa frumentacea G S 30.3
    Fagopyrum esculentum G R 50.9
    Fagopyrum tartaricum G O 44.0
    Fagopyrum tartaricum G R 46.0
    Filipendula rubra G S 53.1
    Filipendula rubra G R 58.7
    Forsythia intermedia G O 52.9
    Fragaria x ananassa G R 40.7
    Fragariax ananassa G R 28.1
    Gaultheria hispidula G R 72.8
    Gaultheria hispidula G O 100.0
    Gaultheria procumbens G R 24.1
    Glycine max G S 31.2
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G R 37.1
    Guizotia abyssinica G R 35.4
    Hamamelis virginiana G S 29.1
    Hamamelis virginiana G R 67.1
    Helenium hoopesii G R 39.8
    Vigna angularia A O 23.1
    Vigna sesquipedalis A O 37.8
    Vigna unguiculata A S 52.5
    Vinca minor A O 23.2
    Iris versicolor G R 47.0
    Isatis tinctoria G S 32.1
    Lavandula angustifolia G S 43.9
    Levisticum officinale G O 51.4
    Malus hupehensis G S 24.2
    Malus hupehensis G R 37.2
    Malva sylvestris G O 73.7
    Matricaria recutita G S 31.5
    Melaleuca alternifolia G S 21.5
    Melissa officinalis G S 32.8
    Melissa officinalis G R 44.8
    Melissa officinalis G O 82.4
    Mentha piperita G R 77.3
    Mentha pulegium G R 41.1
    Monarda didyma G S 31.8
    Nepeta cataria G R 25.8
    Nepeta cataria G O 84.9
    Nigella sativa G O 44.9
    Ocinum tenuiflorum G R 23.7
    Oenothera biennis G S 25.6
    Origanum vulgare G S 28.6
    Origanum vulgare G R 31.2
    Pennisetum alopecuroides G S 49.9
    Petroselinum crispum G S 31.5
    Peucedanum oreaselinum G R 68.3
    Phaseolus acutifolius G R 25.4
    Phaseolus acutifolius G O 61.8
    Phaseolus vulgaris G O 24.4
    Phaseolus vulgaris G S 35.6
    Phlox paniculata G S 27.2
    Physalis alkekengi G R 26.1
    Physalis alkekengi G O 54.9
    Plantago major G O 55.9
    Plectranthus sp. G R 23.0
    Polygonum persicaria G S 41.1
    Potentilla anserina G R 55.4
    Poterium sanguisorba G R 76.4
    Prunus cerasifera G R 55.3
    Ptaridium aquilinus G R 44.5
    Rhaphanus sativus G O 98.1
    Rheum X cultorum G R 27.0
    Ribes nidigrolaria G R 22.0
    Ribes Silvestris G R 88.8
    Rosmarinus officinalis G R 39.4
    Rubus idaeus G S 100.0
    Rubus ideaus G O 37.0
    Rubus Phoenicalasius G R 24.9
    Rubus pubescens G O 23.0
    Rubus thibetanus G O 41.2
    Rumex patientia G S 36.2
    Salvia officinalis G O 34.5
    Salvia officinalis G R 89.5
    Sanguisorba officinalis G S 46.8
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G R 33.7
    Secale cereale G S 24.4
    Senecio vulgaris G R 37.6
    Helianthus tuberosus G O 32.8
    Hordeum hexastichon G S 60.9
    Humulus lupulus G R 61.2
    Humulus lupulus G S 90.5
    Hypericum henryi G R 100.0
    Hypericum perforatum G R 43.4
    Hyssopus officinalis G S 25.1
    Hyssopus officinalis G O 48.2
    Thymus x citriodorus G R 25.3
    Triticum durum G S 21.9
    Triticum turgidum G O 80.2
    Vaccinium angustifolium G R 47.6
    Vaccinium angustifolium G R 48.1
    Vaccinium angustifolium G R 71.0
    Vaccinium corymbosum G R 60.6
    Vaccinium corymbosum G R 61.7
    Vaccinium corymbosum G O 99.4
    Vaccinium macrocarpon G R 100.0
    Vaccinum angustifolium G O 24.4
    Vaccinum angustifolium G R 41.5
    Valeriana officinalis G R 33.5
    Veronica officinalis G S 27.0
    Vicia faba G O 31.2
    Vicia faba G R 44.7
    Vigna angularia G O 40.8
    Vigna angularis G S 39.4
    Vigna unguiculata G O 26.1
    Vitis sp. G R 62.4
    Vitis sp. G S 63.3
    Vitis sp. G O 82.0
    Withania somnifera G S 22.4
    Xanthium strumarium G S 20.7
    Zea mays G S 26.1
    Zea mays G R 67.5
    Abies lasiocarpa T R 46.2
    Acorus calamus T R 21.8
    Actinidia arguta T R 64.6
    Agropyron repens T O 48.3
    Alchemilla mollis T R 100.0
    Alchemilla mollis T O 100.0
    Allium cepa T R 39.8
    Allium cepa T O 45.2
    Allium tuberosum T R 28.2
    Allium tuberosum T S 28.8
    Alpinia officinarum T S 26.4
    Amelanchier alnitolia T R 78.3
    Amelanchier sanguinea x A. laevis T R 66.5
    angelica archangelica T S 25.2
    Apium graveolens T R 43.3
    Aralia cordata T S 31.5
    Aralia nudicaulis T S 37.7
    Aralia nudicaulis T R 48.5
    Aronia melanocarpa T S 26.0
    Aronia melanocarpa T O 53.3
    Aronia prunifolia T R 79.2
    Artemisia absinthium T O 100.0
    Artemisia dracunlus T S 42.0
    Ayperus esculentus T O 67.8
    Beta vulgaris T R 27.9
    Beta vulgaris T S 33.2
    Solanum melongena G S 21.1
    Solanum tuberosum G S 27.6
    Sorghum dochna G S 23.7
    Sorghum dochna G R 56.3
    Symphytum officinale G S 25.2
    Teucrium chamaedrys G S 75.4
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G S 28.4
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G O 52.1
    Carya cordiformis T R 27.5
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T S 27.1
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T O 100.0
    Chelidonium majus T O 54.0
    Chrysanthemum parthenium T S 50.4
    Chrysanthenum coronarium T S 25.8
    Cichorium intybus T R 23.9
    Citrullus lanatus T S 33.2
    Citrulius lanatus (Garden baby) T S 21.4
    Citrus limettoides T O 39.2
    Citrus limon T O 60.4
    Corchorus olitorius T S 28.6
    Cornus canadensis L T O 50.0
    Cornus canadensis L T R 80.6
    Cosmos sulphureus T R 20.5
    Cosmos sulphureus T S 27.0
    Crataegus sp T S 43.9
    Crataegus submollis T O 24.2
    Crataegus submollis T R 55.1
    Cucumis anguria T S 33.2
    Cucumis sativus Fanfare T S 35.4
    Cucurbita moschata T S 30.4
    Cucurbita pepo T R 23.8
    Cucurbita pepo T S 46.6
    Cuminum cyminum T S 23.1
    Curcuma zedoaria T S 20.8
    Cymbopogon citratus T S 39.7
    Dolichus lablab T S 25.8
    Dryopteris filix-mas T O 54.0
    Echinacea purpurea T S 20.4
    Eriobotrya japonica T O 34.8
    Eriobotrya japonica T S 42.9
    Foericulum vulgare T O 33.1
    Fragaria x ananassa T S 20.3
    Fragaria x ananassa T R 42.8
    Glycine max T O 26.3
    Glycine max T O 30.5
    Gossypium herbaceum T R 22.5
    Guizotia abyssinica T R 46.6
    Hamamelis virginiana T S 33.1
    Hamamelis virginiana T S 33.1
    Hamamelis virginiana T R 44.8
    Hedeoma pulegiodes T O 46.8
    Helenium hoopesii T R 27.9
    Helianthus annus T S 22.7
    Helianthus strumosus T O 30.0
    Heliotropium arborescens T O 53.7
    Helleborus niger T S 40.5
    Hibiscus cannabinus T O 34.0
    Hordeum vulgare subsp. Vulgare T O 100.0
    Humulus lupulus T S 24.9
    Humulus lupulus T R 55.1
    Beta vulgaris T O 53.0
    Borago officinalis T O 55.7
    Brassica Napus T O 71.9
    Brassica oleracea T O 37.0
    Brassica oleracea T S 46.9
    Brassica rapa T S 36.7
    Bromus inermis T R 42.8
    Calendula officinalis L T S 28.4
    Camellia sinensis syn. T R 86.4
    Thea sinensis
    Capsicum annus T S 29.7
    Capsicum annus T R 43.7
    Capsicum frutescens (tabasco) T S 22.0
    Lavendula angustifolia T S 91.7
    Lepidium sativum T R 24.7
    Levisticum officinale T O 24.9
    Lolium perenne T S 22.3
    Lonicera ramosissima T R 42.5
    Lonicera syringantha T R 21.1
    Malus T O 53.1
    Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. T R 76.5
    Malus sp. T R 39.8
    Malus sp. T R 45.7
    Malva moschata T S 22.8
    Malva sylvestris T O 57.6
    Matteucia pensylvanica T R 20.1
    Melissa officinalis T O 55.0
    Mentha piperita T R 35.5
    Mentha piperita T O 43.9
    Mentha piperita T R 56.6
    Mentha pulegium T O 33.3
    Mentha pulegium T R 56.2
    Mentha spicata T O 43.4
    Mentha spicata T O 58.0
    Nicotiana tabacum T R 27.3
    Nigella sativa T R 25.1
    Ocimum Basilicum T R 20.2
    Ocnothera bienris T S 37.8
    Origanum marjonara T R 45.2
    Origanum vulgare T S 21.3
    Origanum vulgare T O 23.3
    Origanum vulgare T R 23.6
    Origanum vulgare T O 37.2
    Panicum miliaceum T S 20.6
    Panicum miliaceum T S 30.7
    Pastinaca saliva T R 26.1
    Pastinaca sativa T O 100.0
    Peucedanum oreaselinum T S 39.6
    Peucedanum oreaselinum T R 53.4
    Phaseolus vulgaris T S 21.8
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 23.6
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 59.8
    Physalis alkekengi T O 55.5
    Physalis pruinosa T S 24.8
    Plantago major T O 77.1
    Poa compressa T R 54.4
    Polygonium chinense T O 36.3
    Polygonium chinense T R 61.4
    Polygonum persicaria T S 21.3
    Populus incrassata T S 50.7
    Populus incrassata T S 50.7
    Humulus lupulus T R 77.6
    Humulus lupulus T S 79.1
    Humulus lupulus T S 100.0
    Humulus lupulus T R 100.0
    Humulus lupulus T S 100.0
    Hypericum henryi T R 100.0
    Hypericum perforatum T O 99.3
    Hypomyces lactiflorum T O 20.5
    Iris versicolor T R 48.5
    Juniperus communis T R 33.8
    Lactuca serriola T R 21.5
    Laportea canadensis T S 37.7
    Rosmarinum officinalis T R 48.2
    Rubus arcticus T R 59.1
    Rubus ideaus T O 21.5
    Rubus pubescens T O 51.8
    Rubus thibetanus T O 33.7
    Rumex patientia T S 34.4
    Ruta graveolens T O 24.3
    Salvia (elegens) T O 37.2
    Salvia (elegens) T R 42.9
    Salvia officinalis T R 67.3
    Sambucus canadensis T S 30.2
    Sanguisorba minor T R 21.0
    Sanguisorba minor T R 29.9
    Sanguisorba minor T R 30.8
    Sanguisorba minor T R 44.5
    Santolina T R 43.8
    Sarratula tinctoria T S 37.7
    Satureja montana T R 45.0
    Satureja repandra T S 46.3
    Scorzorera hipanica T R 25.7
    Scuttellaria lateriflora T S 41.2
    Setaria italica T S 33.4
    Solidago canadensis T S 78.5
    Stachys affinis T S 100.0
    Stachys byzantina T O 100.0
    Stellaria media (linne)Cyrillo T O 51.2
    Tanacetum vulgare T R 30.5
    Tepary T R 31.7
    Tepary T O 39.7
    Thymus serpyllum T O 29.9
    Thymus serpyllum T R 32.8
    Thymus X citriodorus T S 22.1
    Tiarella cordifolia T R 46.8
    Tragopogon porrifolium T R 26.3
    Tragopogon porrifolium T R 29.8
    Tragopogon porrifolium T O 58.0
    Triticale sp. T O 25.3
    Tropaeolum majus T O 46.9
    Tropaeolum majus T O 55.8
    Tropaeolum majus T R 64.7
    Tsuga canOadensis T R 39.2
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 28.0
    Vaccinium angustifolium T S 29.6
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 33.3
    Vaccinium angustifolium Ait T R 100.0
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T S 25.1
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T R 27.4
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T O 35.4
    Populus X petrowskyana T R 66.7
    Prunus cerasifera T O 26.1
    Prunus cerasifera T R 64.2
    Psidium guajaba T S 22.9
    Ptaridium aquilinus T R 43.0
    Pyrus pyrifolia T S 28.2
    Rahmnus frangula T R 25.9
    Raphanus sativus T R 21.4
    Raphanus sativus T O 36.9
    Rhamnus frangula T O 43.2
    Rheum rhabarbarum T O 28.5
    Rheum X cultorum T R 28.2
    Rianus communis T S 32.4
    Ribes nidigrolaria T S 28.5
    Ribes nigrum T R 49.9
    Rosa rugosa T S 29.1
    Weigela hortensis T R 54.9
    Zea mays T O 74.3
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T R 80.5
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T O 90.5
    Valeriana officinalis T O 33.0
    Veratrum wide T S 46.8
    Verbascum thapsus T O 33.4
    Vicia faba T R 26.6
    Vicia faba T O 35.8
    Vigna angularia T S 29.3
    Vigna angularia T O 54.0
    Vigna sesquipedalis T O 100.0
    Vigna unguiculata T S 49.5
    Vitia sp. T O 99.6
    Vitis sp T R 50.9
    Vitis sp. T R 75.8
    Weigela coracensis T S 22.8
    Weigela coracensis T S 22.8
  • [0148]
    TABLE 4
    MMP-9
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Abelmochus esculentus A S 26.8
    Achillea millefolium A S 41.6
    Aconilum napellus A O 47.7
    Acorus calamus A O 83.2
    Actinidia arguta A S 26.8
    Adiantum pedatum A O 20.7
    Agastache foeniculum A S 100.0
    Agrimonia eupatoria A W 21.4
    Agropyron cristatum A R 51.4
    Agropyron repens A S 27.3
    Agrostis alba A R 40.6
    Agrostis Stofonifera A R 35.4
    Alcea rosea A S 45.8
    Alkanna tinctoria A S 42.5
    Allium cepa A O 49.7
    Allium grande A R 71.4
    Allium porrum A S 28.0
    Allium porrum A O 82.0
    Allium sativum A S 23.7
    Allium schoenoprasum A O 45.5
    Allium tuberosum A V 20.1
    Allium Tuberosum A O 91.5
    Althaea officinalis A S 29.6
    Amaranthus gangeticus A O 25.1
    Amaranthus gangeticus A R 31.1
    Amaranthus gangeticus A S 73.2
    Amaranthus retroflexus A S 20.4
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia A R 50.1
    Amelanchier sanguinea A W 37.6
    Anthemis nobilis A O 40.4
    Anthemis nobilis A R 66.7
    Anthemis tinctorium A S 30.3
    Apium graveolens A R 71.2
    Arachis hypogaea A V 23.5
    Aralia cordata A S 21.2
    Aralia cordata A S 56.3
    Arctium minus A R 31.1
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A S 31.2
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A O 31.2
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A R 59.7
    Armoracia rusticana A W 25.1
    Armoracia rusticana A S 56.2
    Aronia melanocarpa A S 26.8
    Aronia melanocarpa A S 41.3
    Aronia melanocarpa A O 44.8
    Aronia melanocarpa A W 47.7
    Aronia melanocarpa A R 55.7
    Aronia melanocarpa A V 100.0
    Arrhenatherum elatius A R 40.4
    Artemisia dracunculus A S 51.1
    Asparagus officinalis A S 20.9
    Asparagus officinalis A S 32.6
    Aster sp A O 29.5
    Aster sp A R 80.0
    Atropa belladonna A S 47.4
    Beta vulgaris A S 25.3
    Beta vulgaris A R 26.6
    Beta vulgaris A W 34.0
    Beta vulgaris A O 42.0
    Beta vulgaris A V 44.0
    Brassica napus A R 53.1
    Brassica napus A O 100.0
    Brassica nigra A S 24.2
    Brassica oleracea A R 33.0
    Brassica oleracea A R 36.0
    Brassica oleracea A W 36.2
    Brassica oleracea A S 73.1
    Brassica Oleracea A O 100.0
    Brassica rapa A R 31.0
    Brassica rapa A W 38.6
    Brassica rapa A V 42.8
    Brassica rapa A R 48.8
    Brassica rapa A S 68.2
    Brassica rapa A O 89.2
    Bromus inermis A R 51.4
    Campanula rapunculus A O 25.1
    Canna edulis A S 31.1
    Canna edulis A O 47.6
    Canna edulis A R 68.9
    Capsella bursa-pastoris A R 32.5
    Capsicum annuum A O 22.0
    Capsicum annuum A R 24.0
    capsicum annuum A S 55.7
    Capsicum frutescens A S 30.3
    Capsicum frutescens A O 34.7
    Carthamus tinctorius A R 28.5
    Carum carvi A S 38.6
    Chelidonium majus A O 27.9
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus A R 47.4
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus A O 20.7
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus A W 23.2
    chenopodium bonus-henricus A S 62.8
    Chenopodium quinoa A V 23.1
    Chenopodium quinoa A W 34.7
    Chrysanthemum leucanthemum A O 20.6
    Chrysanthemum leucanthemum A R 30.9
    Chrysanthemun coronarium A R 26.4
    (Chp Suey)
    Chrysanthenum coronarium A S 66.6
    Cichorium intybus A S 44.7
    Citrullus lanatus A S 62.1
    Citrullus lanatus A O 70.6
    Cornus canadensis A S 48.5
    Cosmos sulphureus A S 23.4
    Cosmos sulphureus A O 37.0
    Crataegus sp A V 32.4
    Crataegus sp A S 45.5
    Crataegus sp A R 100.0
    Crataegus submollis A S 45.5
    Cryptotaenia canadensis A W 26.4
    Cucumis Anguria A R 27.2
    Cucumis anguria A S 36.6
    Cucumis anguria A O 38.5
    Cucumis melo A O 59.2
    Cucumis sativus A R 39.8
    Cucumis sativus A O 49.4
    Cucumis sativus A S 54.4
    Cucurbita Maxima A O 46.7
    Cucurbita moschata A S 32.1
    Cucurbita pepo A O 37.0
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A R 44.0
    Beta vulgaris var. condivata A R 35.4
    Brassica napus A S 24.6
    Curcurbita maxima A S 25.8
    Cymbopogon citratus A O 26.7
    Dactylis glomerata A R 27.2
    Datisca cannabina A S 26.9
    Datisca cannabina A O 38.0
    Daucus carota A R 30.8
    Daucus carota A O 31.9
    Dirca palustris A O 27.3
    Dirca palustris A S 34.2
    Dolicos Lablab A S 22.0
    Dolicos Lablab A R 25.3
    Dryopteris filix-mas A S 24.9
    Dryopteris filix-mas A R 40.6
    Eleusine coracana A S 20.2
    Eleusine coracana A R 20.9
    Eleusine coracana A O 71.1
    Elymus junceus A R 45.4
    Erigeron canadensis A S 35.7
    Eruca vesicaria A R 59.9
    Fagopyrum esculentum A V 20.7
    Fagopyrum tartaricum A W 30.3
    Fagopyrum tartaricum A O 33.2
    Festuca rubra A R 31.8
    Foeniculum Vulgare A W 27.4
    Foeniculum vulgare A O 50.6
    Forsythia intermedia A O 100.0
    Fragaria x ananassa A V 30.0
    Fragaria x ananassa A S 36.3
    Galium odoratum A R 26.9
    Gaultheria hispidula A R 28.4
    Gaultheria hispidula A S 40.7
    Gentiana lutea A R 34.7
    Glechoma hederacea A S 37.6
    Glycine max A R 38.1
    Glycine Max A O 56.4
    Glycine max A S 71.4
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A S 62.6
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A W 100.0
    Guizotia abyssinica A R 91.9
    Hamamelis virginiana A S 41.0
    Hamamelis virginiana A R 74.6
    Hedeoma pulegioides A O 22.0
    Helianthus tuberosus A W 21.2
    Helianthus tuberosus A W 51.5
    Helichrysum angustifolium A V 21.0
    Heliotropium arborescens A S 54.1
    Helleborus niger A S 37.8
    Hordeum hexastichon A W 38.0
    Hyssopus officinalis A O 25.1
    Inula helenium A S 29.7
    Isatis tinctoria A S 41.5
    Lactuca serrila A R 41.3
    Lactuca serriola A S 46.6
    Laportea canadensis A S 26.3
    Lathyrus sativus A O 22.2
    Lathyrus sativus A R 50.2
    Lathyrus sylvestris A V 31.3
    Lathyrus sylvestris A W 31.8
    Laurus nobilis A S 25.7
    Curburbita pepo A R 41.0
    Curburbita pepo A S 43.9
    Curcuma zedoaria A S 67.6
    Levisticum officinale A O 44.9
    Linaria vulgaris miller A O 23.6
    Linum usitatissimum A R 33.3
    Lolium multiflorum A S 29.0
    Lolium perenne A R 52.0
    Lotus corniculatus A R 62.9
    Lotus tetragonolobus A S 62.9
    Lycopersicon esculentum A S 26.1
    Lycopersicon esculentum A W 33.0
    Malva moschata A S 31.8
    Malva sylvestris A S 21.4
    Malva verticillata A R 43.4
    Matteucia pensylvanica A R 26.9
    Medicago sativa A V 20.4
    Melilotus albus A R 53.9
    Melissa officinalis A S 21.4
    Melissa officinalis A O 36.8
    Melissa officinalis A R 53.7
    Mentha piperita A S 57.7
    Mentha pulegium A S 66.1
    Mentha spicata A S 67.7
    Mentha suaveolens A S 51.8
    Momordica charantia A R 29.7
    Momordica charantia A S 72.1
    Nicotiana rustica A O 30.3
    Nicotiana rustica A S 59.1
    Nicotiana tabacum A S 39.0
    Nicotiana tabacum A W 47.6
    Nicotiana tabacum A O 100.0
    Nigella sativa A R 59.4
    Oenothera biennis A O 21.3
    Oenothera biennis A O 36.7
    Origanum vulgare A W 21.3
    Origanum vulgare A V 42.7
    Oryza sativa A W 56.5
    Oxyria digyna A W 35.1
    Oxyria digyna A V 76.4
    Pastinaca sativa A V 20.3
    Pastinaca sativa A W 23.2
    Pastinaca sativa A O 42.1
    Pastinaca sativa A R 46.9
    Phalaris canariensis A R 20.3
    Phalaris canariensis A O 80.5
    Phaseolus mungo A O 51.3
    Phaseolus mungo A S 74.1
    Phaseolus vulgaris A V 23.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris A O 51.4
    Phaseolus vulgaris A S 62.6
    Phlox paniculata A O 41.0
    Physalis alkekengi A R 31.6
    Physalis ixocarpa A S 45.2
    Physalis Ixocarpa A O 65.3
    Physalis Pruinosa A O 87.3
    Phytolacca americana A S 49.6
    Phytolacca americana A O 89.8
    Pimpinella anisum A S 100.0
    Plantago coronopus A S 48.3
    Plantago coronopus A O 89.3
    Plantago major A S 21.8
    Laurus nobilis A V 30.0
    Lavandula latifolia A S 40.3
    Leonurus cardiaca A R 27.0
    Lepidium sativum A S 41.8
    Levisticum officinale A S 29.0
    Polygonum perslcaria A S 38.5
    Potentilla anserina A S 26.3
    Potentilla anserina A O 31.2
    Poterium Sanquisorba A S 29.2
    Pteridium aquilinum A S 27.3
    Raphanus sativus A W 22.7
    Raphanus sativus A R 30.8
    Raphanus sativus A R 40.2
    Raphanus sativus A S 71.5
    Raphanus sativus A O 100.0
    Rheum rhabarbarum A S 21.3
    Rheum rhabarbarum A V 67.9
    Rheum rhabarbarum A W 72.4
    Ribes nidigrolaria A W 32.6
    Ribes nidigrolaria A V 64.6
    Ribes nigrum A W 23.6
    Ribes nigrum A V 27.2
    Ribes nigrum A S 41.0
    Ribes nigrum A O 65.8
    Ribes Nigrum A W 100.0
    Ribes Salivum A R 75.4
    Ribes Sylvestre A V 27.7
    Ribes Sylvestre A W 100.0
    ribes uva-crispa A S 24.4
    Ribes Uva-crispa A W 36.6
    Ricinus communis A R 21.6
    Rosa rugosa A V 30.6
    Rosa rugosa A S 36.2
    Rosa rugosa A W 39.3
    Rosmarinus officinalis A W 27.2
    Rosmarinus officinalis A R 45.7
    Rubus allegheniensis A S 53.7
    Rubus canadensis A V 27.0
    Rubus canadensis A S 41.0
    Rubus canadensis A W 41.2
    Rubus canadensis A S 45.1
    Rubus idaeus A V 24.3
    Rubus idaeus A S 39.7
    Rubus idaeus A W 62.2
    Rubus ideaus A R 37.0
    Rumex acetosella A V 75.8
    Rumex acotosa A W 25.5
    Rumex crispus A R 73.3
    Rumex crispus A O 60.5
    Rumex patientia A O 49.4
    Rumex patientia A S 65.8
    Rumex Scutatus A W 25.5
    Rumex Scutatus A V 61.9
    Rumex Scutatus A O 93.8
    Ruta graveolens A S 25.8
    Ruta graveolens A W 27.1
    Salix purpurea A S 22.1
    Salix purpurea A R 33.8
    Salvia elegans A W 23.7
    Salvia officinalis A V 20.8
    Salvia officinalis A S 31.4
    Salvia sclarea A S 28.0
    Poa compressa A R 22.4
    Poa compressa A S 49.3
    Poa pratensis A R 22.4
    Polygonum pensylvanicum A S 43.3
    Polygonum persicaria A O 21.6
    Sium Sisarum A R 32.6
    Sium Sisarum A O 42.7
    Solarium dulcamara A S 43.3
    Solanum dulcamara A O 48.6
    Solanum melanocerasum A O 21.3
    Solanum melongena A R 20.5
    Solanum melongena A V 35.6
    Solanum melongena A O 49.4
    Solanum melongena A S 65.2
    Solidago sp A R 32.7
    Spinacia oleracea A S 41.0
    Stachys affinis A R 22.5
    Stachys affinis A S 43.9
    Stachys affinis A O 92.0
    Symphytum officinale A S 28.0
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium A O 20.3
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium A R 69.7
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 20.2
    Tanacetum vulgare A S 84.2
    Teucrium chamaedrys A O 20.4
    Teucrium chamaedrys A R 20.4
    Thymus serpyilum A W 24.3
    Thymus vulgaris A S 42.5
    Thymus x citriodorus A W 27.4
    Tragopogon porrifolius A W 21.9
    Tragopogon porrifolius A V 26.2
    Trifolium hybridum A R 30.9
    Trifolium pannonicum A R 41.0
    Trifolium repens A R 51.3
    Trigonella foenum graecum A S 44.2
    Triticum spelta A S 30.0
    Triticum turgidum A S 31.3
    Typha latifolia A S 57.7
    Urtica dioica A O 26.5
    Urtica dioica A S 50.2
    Vaccinium Corymbosum A W 39.9
    Vaccinium Corymbosum A S 64.8
    Vaccinum augustifolium A R 44.8
    Vaccinum macrocarpon A S 100.0
    Veratrum viride A S 29.1
    Veratrum viride A O 31.8
    Verbascum thapsus A S 42.6
    Verbascum thapsus A O 75.2
    Viburnum trilobum A V 97.4
    Vicia sativa A R 53.3
    Vicia villosa A R 48.9
    Vigna unguiculata A R 27.0
    Vigna unguiculata A O 44.8
    Vigna unguiculata A S 55.5
    Vinca minor A S 35.1
    Vitis sp. A V 52.2
    Vitis sp. A S 59.6
    Vitis sp. A R 87.8
    Xanthium sibiricum A S 57.1
    Zea mays A V 26.1
    Zea mays A W 32.1
    Zea Mays A O 38.7
    Satureja montana A W 21.7
    Scuttellaria lateriflora A S 54.1
    Secale cereale A V 22.6
    Secale cereale A S 22.9
    Secale cereale A W 26.9
    Sesamum indicum A O 21.2
    Setaria italica A O 27.0
    Adiantum pedatum G S 31.7
    Ageratum conyzoides G S 23.1
    Agropyron cristatum G R 64.1
    Agropyron repens G S 29.2
    Agropyron repens G O 32.6
    Agrostis Stolonifera G R 34.4
    Alcea rosea G S 22.7
    Alchemilla mollis G S 30.5
    Alchemilla mollis G W 33.2
    Allium ampeloprasum G O 53.4
    Allium cepa G S 22.5
    Allium cepa G O 60.7
    Allium schoenoprasum G S 21.1
    Allium schoenoprasum G O 60.4
    Allium tuberosum G S 38.8
    Allium tuberosum G O 74.4
    Althaea officianalis G S 54.9
    Amaranthus candathus G O 42.6
    Amaranthus caudathus G W 27.1
    Amaranthus gangeticus G S 56.8
    Amaranthus gangeticus G S 74.4
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia G R 49.0
    Amelanchier sanguinea G W 45.2
    Angelica archangelica G S 20.9
    Anthemis nobilis G R 58.9
    Apium graveolens G O 30.4
    Apium graveolens G S 36.4
    Apium graveolens G R 60.6
    Arachis hypogaea G W 26.0
    Aralia cordata G S 66.0
    Arctium minus G O 26.6
    Arctium minus G R 30.8
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G S 29.3
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G O 38.8
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G R 80.2
    Armoracia rusticana G S 62.7
    Aronia melanocarpa G O 26.7
    Aronia melanocarpa G V 100.0
    Aronia melanocarpa G R 100.0
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. G W 39.1
    Artemisia dracunculus G O 44.3
    Artemisia dracunculus G S 65.4
    Asclepias incarnata G R 20.3
    Asparagus officinalis G O 22.3
    Asparagus officinalis G S 26.6
    Asparagus officinalis G W 28.7
    Aster sp G O 34.3
    Aster sp G R 62.6
    Atropa belladonna G S 34.9
    Beta vulgaris G R 28.3
    Beta vulgaris G R 42.2
    Beta vulgaris G O 47.C
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima G O 46.7
    Brassica cepticepa G R 26.7
    Brassica cepticepa G S 68.3
    Achillea millefolium G S 45.5
    Aconitum napellus G S 24.0
    Aconitum napellus G O 53.9
    Acorus calamus G O 87.6
    Acorus calamus G S 100.0
    Actinidia arguta G S 33.8
    Adiantum pedatum G R 31.6
    Brassica oleracea G S 76.1
    Brassica oleracea G O 100.0
    Brassica rapa G R 21.1
    Brassica rapa G S 64.0
    Brassica rapa G O 100.0
    Bromus inermis G R 36.7
    Campanula rapunculus G O 59.9
    Canna edulis G O 20.8
    Canna edulis G O 83.1
    Capsicum annuum G R 20.2
    Capsicum annuum G S 29.6
    Capsicum annuum G O 51.5
    Capsicum annuum G S 60.8
    Capsicum frutescens G S 32.8
    Carthamus tinctorius G R 29.8
    Carum carvi G S 30.4
    Chelidonium majus G O 39.9
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus G O 63.0
    Chenopodium quinoa G O 34.1
    Chenopodium quinoa G W 42.8
    Chenopodium quinoa G V 46.1
    Chichorium endivia subsp endivia G W 22.0
    Chichorium endivia subsp endivia G S 22.9
    Chrysanthemum coronarium G R 23.2
    Chrysanthemum coronarium G S 68.4
    Chrysanthemum leucanthemum G R 20.5
    Cicer arietinum G S 25.7
    Cichorium intybus G W 51.1
    Cichorium intybus G S 53.4
    Citrullus lanatus G S 36.5
    Citrullus lanatus G O 71.5
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi G O 21.0
    Comus canadensis G S 34.8
    Crataegus sp G W 54.0
    Crataegus submollis G S 31.3
    Cryptotaenia canadensis G W 32.1
    Cucumis anguria G S 27.3
    Cucumis anguria G O 32.5
    Cucumis sativus G O 39.4
    Cucumis sativus G S 69.4
    Cucurbita maxima G O 34.1
    Cucurbita maxima G S 42.6
    Cucurbita moschata G S 32.0
    Cucurbita moschata G O 39.2
    Cucurbita pepo G S 28.8
    Cucurbita pepo G O 32.6
    Curcuma zedoaria G O 23.3
    Curcuma zedoaria G S 57.6
    Cymbopogon citratus G O 70.1
    Cynara scolymus G S 20.2
    Cynara scolymus G O 37.5
    Cynara scolymus G R 88.7
    Cyperus esculentus G S 66.7
    Datura metel G S 29.2
    Datura stramonium G O 27.6
    Brassica juncea G O 45.0
    Brassica juncea G S 66.1
    Brassica Napus G S 27.5
    Brassica Napus G R 37.6
    Brassica napus G O 94.8
    Brassica nigra G S 36.4
    Brassica oleracea G R 38.7
    Brassica oleracea G W 39.0
    Brassica oleracea G R 49.4
    Echinochloa frumentacea G O 68.4
    Eleusine coracana G O 47.8
    Elymus junceus G R 42.7
    Erigeron canadensis G S 37.8
    Erigeron speciosus G R 34.6
    Errhenatherum elatius G R 34.4
    Fagopyrum tartaricum G W 31.4
    Foeniculum vulgare G W 28.0
    Foeniculum vulgare G S 44.6
    Foeniculum vulgare G O 68.9
    Foeniculum Vulgare G R 100.0
    Forsythia intermedia G O 100.0
    Forsythia x intermedia G O 79.5
    Galium odoratum G S 32.4
    Galium odoratum G R 100.0
    Gaultheria hispidula G R 48.4
    Gaultheria hispidula G S 80.4
    Gaultheria hispidula G O 100.0
    Gaultheria procumbens G S 26.9
    Gaultheria procumbens G W 54.3
    Glechoma hederacea G S 26.6
    Glycine max G R 52.5
    Glycine max G O 67.9
    Glycine max G O 75.8
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G R 21.4
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G V 21.6
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G W 100.0
    Guizotia abyssinica G R 91.4
    Hamamelis virginiana G O 39.8
    Hamamelis virginiana G R 78.8
    Hamamelis virginiana G S 96.6
    Hedeoma pulegioides G S 45.4
    Helenium hoopesii G S 22.6
    Helenium hoopesii G O 52.8
    Helianthus annuus G R 22.0
    Helianthus annuus G S 31.6
    Helianthus strumosus G R 30.5
    Helianthus strumosus G O 71.7
    Helianthus tuberosus G W 21.2
    Helianthus tuberosus G S 50.7
    Helianthus tuberosus L G R 24.9
    Heliotropium arborescens G S 40.0
    Heliotropium arborescens G O 45.6
    Helleborus niger G S 38.0
    Hordeum vulgare G S 21.5
    Humulus lupulus G O 35.1
    Hypericum sp G W 26.1
    Hyssopus officinalis G S 74.5
    Iberis amara G O 20.0
    Iberis amara G S 21.7
    Inula helenium G S 27.6
    Ipomoea batatas G S 37.5
    Isatis tinctoria G S 48.0
    Daucus carota G O 24.2
    Daucus carota G R 29.3
    Dipsacus sativus G S 48.7
    Dirca palustris G O 29.9
    Dirca palustris G S 36.4
    Dolichos Lablab G S 35.8
    Dolichos Lablab G R 74.5
    Dryopteris filix-mas G S 27.9
    Dryopteris filix-mas G R 42.6
    Leonurus cardiaca G O 22.6
    Lepidium sativum G S 23.3
    Levisticum officinale G S 23.1
    Levisticum officinale G W 27.5
    Levisticum officinale G O 41.3
    Linum usitatissimum G R 21.4
    Lolium perenne G R 32.7
    Lotus corniculatus G R 54.2
    Malus hupehensis G R 26.4
    Malva verticillata G R 37.9
    Matricaria recutita G O 50.3
    Medicago sativa G W 29.1
    Melilotus albus G R 52.1
    Melissa officinalis G O 22.7
    Melissa officinalis G S 35.9
    Melissa officinalis G R 38.6
    Mentha piperita G S 64.4
    Mentha suaveolens G W 22.5
    Momordica charantia G R 29.3
    Momordica charantia G S 90.6
    Nepeta cataria G R 50.5
    Nicotiana rustica G O 35.3
    Nicotiana rustica G S 100.0
    Nicotiana tabacum G S 31.6
    Nicotiana tabacum G O 100.0
    Nigella sativa G R 24.2
    Ocimum basilicum G S 30.6
    Oenothera biennis G O 48.0
    Oenothera biennis G R 76.6
    Origanum vulgare G V 41.3
    Oryza Saliva G O 22.1
    Oxyria digyna G O 26.5
    Oxyria digyna G V 70.3
    Panicum miliaceum G O 94.4
    Pastinaca sativa G R 29.4
    Pastinaca sativa G S 79.2
    Pennisetum alopecuroides G O 22.0
    Petasites japonicus G S 29.2
    Peucedanum oreaselinum G O 21.3
    Phacelia tanacetifolia G R 23.5
    Phalaris arundinacea G R 47.5
    Phalaris canariensis G R 23.1
    Phalaris canariensis G O 100.0
    Phaseolus coccineus G O 37.0
    Phaseolus coccineus G R 74.1
    Phaseolus mungo G O 42.2
    Phaseolus mungo G S 52.2
    Phaseolus vulgaris G V 35.5
    Phaseolus vulgaris G S 48.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris G O 58.1
    Phlox paniculata G S 32.2
    Phlox paniculata G O 40.1
    Physalis ixocarpa G O 20.6
    Lachica serrola G R 53.0
    Lactuca sativa G W 24.5
    Laportea canadensis G S 36.0
    Laportea canadensis G O 81.7
    Lathyrus sativus G W 37.8
    Lathyrus sylvestris G R 40.7
    Lathyrus sylvestris G O 79.1
    Laurus nobilis G S 22.7
    Lavandula angustifolia G S 31.7
    Lavandula latifolia G O 27.2
    Ledum groenlandicum G S 61.1
    Poa compressa G R 22.1
    Poa compressa G S 45.5
    Poa pratensis G R 35.7
    Polygonum pensylvanicum G S 38.3
    Polygonum persicaria G S 31.0
    Potentilla anserina G O 46.8
    Poterium sanquisorba G S 24.7
    Poterium sanquisorba G W 30.6
    Prunus cerasifera G R 45.9
    Pteridium aquilinum G S 22.4
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G S 36.5
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G O 75.0
    Raphanus sativus G R 20.8
    Raphanus sativus G R 27.5
    Raphanus sativus G S 35.4
    Rheum rhabarbarum G S 27.0
    Ribes Grossularia G W 33.7
    Ribes nidigrolaria G S 30.7
    Ribes nidigrolaria G V 40.5
    Ribes nigrum G V 35.9
    Ribes nigrum G W 58.6
    Ribes Silvestris G V 26.9
    Ribes Silvestris G W 100.0
    Ricinus communis G R 21.8
    Rosmarinus officinalis G S 24.7
    Rosmarinus officinalis G W 30.9
    Rosmarinus officinalis G R 60.3
    Rubus ideaus G O 32.5
    Rubus ideaus G S 47.0
    Rubus occidentalis G S 39.4
    Rubus occidentalis G R 74.1
    Rumex acetosa G W 45.6
    Rumex acetosella G W 22.8
    Rumex acetosella G V 31.5
    Rumex crispus G O 25.S
    Rumex crispus G R 70.3
    Rumex patientia G O 39.8
    Rumex patientia G S 54.2
    Rumex scutatus G W 23.8
    Rumex scutatus G V 69.9
    Rumex scutatus G O 78.8
    Ruta graveolens G R 30.7
    Ruta graveolens G S 61.5
    Salvia elagens G W 25.4
    Salvia elegans G S 31.1
    Sambucus canadensis G W 80.6
    Sambucus ebulus G W 26.1
    Sambucus ebulus G V 34.4
    Sambucus ebulus G S 37.8
    Sanguisorba officinalis G R 100.0
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G R 21.7
    Physalis pruinosa G O 80.0
    Phytolacca americana G S 62.0
    Phytolacca americana G O 100.0
    Pimpinella anisum G S 37.3
    Pisum sativum G W 34.4
    Pisum sativum G O 63.3
    Plantago coronopus G O 42.7
    Plantago coronopus G S 46.4
    Plantago major G O 28.3
    Plantago major G S 41.4
    Plectranthus sp. G S 29.3
    solarium melongena G S 36.6
    solanum melongena G O 40.1
    solanum melongena G V 50.0
    solanum melongena G S 74.9
    Solanum tuberosum G S 39.1
    Solanum tuberosum G O 39.2
    Solidago sp G R 30.7
    Sorghum caffrorum G O 87.9
    Sorghum dochna G W 20.6
    Sorghum dochna G O 20.6
    Sorghum dochna G S 34.1
    Sorghum dochna G O 97.0
    Sorghum durra G O 30.6
    sorghum durra G S 30.6
    sorghum durra G O 48.0
    Sorghum sudanense G S 21.7
    Sorghum sudanense G O 24.6
    Sorghum sudanense G V 32.1
    Spinacia oleracea G S 53.2
    Stachys Affinis G S 25.0
    Stachys Affinis G R 27.8
    Stachys Affinis G O 100.0
    Symphytum officinale G W 21.7
    Symphytum officinale G O 25.2
    Symphytum officinale G S 34.6
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium G R 52.4
    Tanacetum vulgare G R 27.1
    Tanacetum vulgare G S 72.7
    Teucrium chamaedrys G R 24.6
    Teucrium chamaedrys G O 52.8
    Thymus fragantissumus G R 100.0
    Thymus vulgaris G V 24.2
    Thymus x citriodorus G S 23.7
    Tiarella cordifolia G S 20.8
    Tiarella cordifolia G O 30.8
    Tragopogon porrifolius G O 22.8
    Trifolium hybridum G R 24.7
    Trifolium pannonicum G R 65.5
    Trifolium repens G R 57.5
    Trigonella foenumgraecum G S 37.6
    Triticum furgidum G S 56.5
    Triticum spelta G S 40.8
    Tropaeolum majus G O 76.1
    Typha latifolia G S 43.3
    Urtica dioica G S 40.3
    Vaccinium angustifolium G S 42.4
    Vaccinium corymbosum G S 61.5
    Vaccinium macrocarpon G S 43.7
    Vaccinum angustifolium G R 23.1
    Veratrum viride G S 43.6
    Verbascum thapsus G S 37.8
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G S 25.2
    Satureja montana G O 21.2
    Scuttellaria lateriflora G S 37.0
    Secale cereale G S 26.7
    Secale cereale G W 27.3
    Serratula tinctoria G S 38.2
    Serratula tinctoria G O 70.3
    Sesamum indicum G O 27.6
    Sesamum Indicum G S 44.3
    Silybum marianum G S 34.7
    Sium sisarum G O 79.0
    Solanum dulcamara G R 25.2
    Solanum dulcamara G S 64.6
    Vinca minor G O 33.6
    Vinca minor G S 34.3
    Vitis sp. G O 29.0
    Vitis sp. G W 50.2
    Vitis sp. G S 53.3
    Vitis sp. G V 63.0
    Vitis sp. G R 86.6
    Withania somnifera G S 20.3
    Xanthium sibiricum G S 34.7
    Xanthium strumarium G S 23.2
    Zea mays G V 20.1
    Zea mays G S 45.9
    Zea mays G O 97.5
    Abelmochus esculentus T S 24.8
    Abies lasiocarpa T W 44.7
    Achillea millefolium T O 24.1
    Achillea millefolium T S 59.2
    Aconitum napellus T S 40.6
    Aconitum napellus T O 41.6
    Acorus calamus T O 47.1
    Actinidia arguta T S 21.8
    Adiantum pedatum T S 26.8
    Adiantum pedatum T O 45.8
    Adiantum pedatum T R 86.0
    Agaricus bisporus T S 26.3
    Agaricus bisporus T O 29.8
    Agaricus bisporus T W 36.9
    Agaricus bisporus T W 44.0
    Agaricus bisporus T S 46.0
    Agastache foeniculum T S 70.0
    Ageratum conyzoides T S 31.7
    Agropyron cristatum T R 86.9
    Agropyron repens T O 49.6
    Agrostis alba T R 21.9
    Agrostis Stolonifera T R 35.8
    Alcea rosea T S 35.2
    Alchemilla mollis T S 37.9
    Allium ampeloprasum T O 48.0
    Allium ascalonicum T S 26.2
    Allium ascalonicum T O 77.2
    Allium cepa T O 92.6
    Allium grande T R 60.4
    Allium schoenoporasum T O 65.8
    Allium schoenoprasum T W 31.0
    Allium tuberosum T S 22.8
    Allium tuberosum T O 99.7
    Althaea officianalis T S 22.8
    Althaea officinalis T O 22.1
    Amaranthus candathus T W 43.9
    Verbascum thapsus G O 87.0
    Veronica officinalis G S 30.5
    Viburnum trilobum G S 49.4
    Viburnum trilobum G R 100.0
    Viburnum trilobum G V 100.0
    Vicia faba G R 50.5
    Vicia sativa G R 42.4
    Vicia villosa G R 89.2
    Vigna angularia G R 28.1
    Vigna angularia G S 71.5
    Vigna unguiculata G R 21.0
    Vigna unguiculata G O 38.7
    Vigna unguiculata G S 61.1
    Apium graveolens T W 32.4
    Apium graveolens T R 56.6
    Aralia cordata T R 29.2
    Aralia cordata T S 45.0
    Arctium minus T R 25.8
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T O 31.0
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T S 35.2
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T R 58.6
    Armoracia rusticana T W 24.9
    Armoracia rusticana T S 52.9
    Aronia melanocarpa T W 40.0
    Aronia melanocarpa T V 91.9
    Aronia prunifolia T W 100.0
    Arrhenatherum elatius T R 22.8
    Artemisia draculus T S 74.9
    Artemisia dracunculus T S 47.8
    Asclepias incarnata T R 20.5
    Asctinidia chinensis T V 43.4
    Asctinidia chinensis T O 66.4
    Asparagus officinalis T O 91.3
    Asparagus officinalis T R 23.3
    Asparagus officinalis T S 44.7
    Aster Linné T S 47.5
    Aster sp T R 62.0
    Atriplex hortensis T R 54.6
    Atropa belladonna T R 20.1
    Atropa belladonna T S 51.0
    Avena sativa T R 24.8
    Avena sativa T W 26.4
    Averrhoa carambola T W 23.4
    Ayperus esculentus T S 46.2
    Beta vulgaris T R 28.2
    Beta vulgaris T S 30.4
    Beta vulgaris T O 56.8
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima T R 23.6
    Betula glandulosa T O 22.2
    Betula glandulosa T V 22.2
    Betula glandulosa T S 25.7
    Betula glandulosa T W 32.9
    Boletus edulis T S 36.2
    Boletus edulis T O 90.2
    Borago officinalis T S 27.9
    Borago officinalis T O 76.1
    Brassica cepticepa T O 65.4
    Brassica cepticepa T S 71.5
    Brassica Chineusis T R 27.1
    Brassica juncea T O 51.0
    Brassica juncea T R 66.0
    Brassica juncea T S 74.1
    Amaranthus gangeticus T O 30.3
    Amaranthus gangeticus T S 66.0
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia T R 58.7
    Amelanchier alnitolia T R 70.5
    Amelanchier sanguinea T W 37.3
    Ananas comosus T W 23.8
    Ananas comosus T V 95.0
    Ananas comosus T O 99.6
    angelica archangelica T S 30.5
    angelica archangelica T R 38.9
    Anthemis nobilis T O 41.4
    Anthemis nobilis T R 72.8
    Anthemis tinctorium T S 27.3
    Anthemis cerefolium T W 35.8
    Apium graveolens T S 31.7
    Brassica rapa T R 33.9
    Brassica rapa T R 56.0
    Brassica rapa T S 69.7
    Brassica rapa T O 100.0
    Bromus inermis T R 57.3
    Campanula rapunculus T O 77.5
    Canna edulis T O 75.6
    Cantharellus ciparium T O 52.5
    Capsella bursa-pastoris T O 35.9
    Capsicum annus T S 43.9
    Capsicum annuum T S 50.1
    Capsicum frutescens T S 28.9
    Carica papaya T W 31.1
    Carthamus tinctorius T R 37.3
    Carum carvi T S 30.1
    Castanea spp. T W 21.7
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T S 46.0
    Chamaemelum nobile T W 36.8
    Chamaemelum nobile T W 48.4
    Chelidonium majus T O 46.6
    Chenapodium bonus-henricus T R 22.4
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus T S 57.6
    Chenopodium quinoa T V 35.5
    Chenopodium quinoa T W 54.4
    Chrysanthemum leucanthemum T R 26.5
    Chrysanthemun coronarium T R 48.4
    (Chp suey)
    Chrysanthenum coronarium T R 38.2
    Chrysanthenum coronarium T S 63.9
    Cicer arietinum T S 20.0
    Cichorium endivia T S 25.6
    Cichorium endivia crispa T O 38.4
    Cichorium intybus T S 30.2
    Cimicifuga racemosa T S 33.7
    Citrullus colocynthus T S 20.4
    Citrullus lanatus T O 68.3
    Citrullus lanatus T S 31.9
    Citrus limettoides T W 20.4
    Citrus limettoides T V 37.5
    Citrus limon T V 47.7
    Citrus limon T O 72.4
    Citrus paradisi T W 23.8
    Citrus paradisi T V 33.4
    Citrus reticulata T V 20.4
    Citrus reticulata T V 20.9
    Citrus reticulata T W 26.0
    Citrus reticulata T S 40.4
    Citrus reticulata T O 50.0
    Citrus reticulata T O 79.2
    Brassica Napus T S 22.0
    Brassica Napus T R 34.0
    Brassica Napus T O 100.0
    Brassica nigra T S 26.7
    Brassica nigra T O 27.4
    Brassica nigra T R 82.5
    Brassica oleracea T O 21.2
    Brassica oleracea T S 22.1
    Brassica oleracea T W 26.2
    Brassica oleracea T R 27.2
    Brassica oleracea T O 31.3
    Brassica oleracea T W 46.5
    Brassica oleracea T S 71.2
    Brassica oleracea T O 93.5
    Brassica rapa T R 25.6
    Cucumis melo T O 46.2
    Cucumis metuliferus T W 32.0
    Cucumis sativus Fanfare T O 40.3
    Cucurbita maxima T S 23.6
    Cucurbita maxima T S 33.1
    Cucurbita maxima T O 55.2
    Cucurbita moschata T S 20.1
    Cucurbita moschata T S 26.7
    Cucurbita moschata T O 41.7
    Cucurbita pepo T S 41.9
    Cucurbita pepo T O 82.9
    Curcuma zedoaria T S 100.0
    Cydonia oblonga T W 42.9
    Cynara scolymus T R 51.6
    Cynara scolymus T S 60.9
    Dactilis Glomerata T R 25.7
    Datura stramonium T R 21.9
    Daucus carota T R 25.9
    Dioscorea batatas T O 47.6
    Dioscorea batatas T O 83.1
    Diospiros Kaki T W 34.9
    Dirca palustris T S 27.6
    Dirca palustris T O 90.4
    Dolichus lablab T R 66.4
    Dolichus lablab T O 85.3
    Dryopteris filix-mas T S 21.9
    Dryopteris filix-mas T R 77.9
    Echinacea purpurea T S 48.6
    Eleusine coracana T O 45.2
    Elymus junceus T R 41.0
    Erigeron canadensis T S 31.4
    Eriobotrya japonica T W 28.3
    Eruca vesicaria T R 44.9
    Fagopyrum esculentum T W 76.7
    Fagopyrum tartaricum T W 42.6
    Festuca rubra T R 29.6
    Festuca rubra T S 42.9
    Foeniculum vulgare T V 22.1
    Foericulum vulgare T S 21.6
    Foericulum vulgare T O 84.8
    Forsythia intermedia T O 70.8
    Forsythia x intermedia T O 60.2
    Fortunella spp T S 35.7
    Fortunella spp T W 50.7
    Fortunella spp T O 74.5
    Fragaria T W 24.8
    Fragaria T V 52.4
    Fragaria T O 100.0
    Citrus sinensis T W 25.3
    Citrus sinensis T V 59.8
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi T W 20.0
    Corchorus olitorius T S 38.9
    Cornus canadensis T S 35.6
    Cosmos sulphureus T S 51.4
    Crataegus sp T V 28.0
    Crataegus sp T R 60.9
    Crataegus submollis T O 25.5
    Crithmum maritima T S 50.6
    Cryptotaenia canadensis T O 21.2
    Cryptotaenia canadensis T W 26.0
    Cryptotaenia canadensis T V 40.0
    Cucumis anguria T S 38.7
    Cucumis anguria T O 46.6
    Cucumis melo T S 30.3
    Hamamelis virginiana T O 52.4
    Hamamelis virginiana T S 67.5
    Hamamelis virginiana T R 84.1
    Hedeoma pulegiodes T S 57.4
    Helenium hoopesii T O 33.7
    Helenium hoopesii T S 49.0
    Helianthus annus T S 53.4
    Helianthus strumosus T R 20.3
    Helianthus strumosus T O 71.7
    Helianthus tuberosa T W 22.8
    Helianthus tuberosus L T V 22.6
    Helianthus tuberosus L T S 55.0
    Helichrysum angustifolium T S 67.0
    Heliotropium arborescens T S 58.9
    Helleborus niger T S 31.9
    Hibiscus cannabinus T S 48.9
    Hordeum vulgare T S 29.2
    Humulus lupulus T W 22.4
    Humulus lupulus T R 39.1
    Humulus lupulus T O 63.1
    Humulus lupulus T S 100.0
    Hydrastis canadensis T S 20.2
    Hydrastis canadensis T W 31.0
    Hyoscyamus niger T O 56.8
    Hypericum henryi T O 48.8
    Hypericum perforatum T S 48.1
    Hypericum perforatum T O 63.7
    Hypomyces lactiflorum T S 44.8
    Hypomyces lactiflorum T O 60.9
    Hyssops officinalis T W 22.9
    Inula helenium T S 24.6
    Juniperus communis T S 33.0
    Juniperus communis T O 38.2
    Lactuca sativa T S 44.5
    Lactuca sativa T R 50.7
    Laportea canadensis T S 30.2
    Lathyrus Sativus T O 20.4
    Lathyrus Sativus T R 52.5
    Lathyrus sylvestris T W 27.7
    Lathyrus sylvestris T O 36.8
    Laurus nobilis T S 52.0
    Lavendula angustifolia T W 26.4
    Lavendula angustifolia T S 53.2
    Lavendula latifolia T S 51.3
    Ledum groenlandicum T S 44.4
    Lentinus edodes T W 42.1
    Fragaria x ananassa T S 29.3
    Galium odoratum T R 26.C
    Gaultheria hispidula T W 40.3
    Ginkgo biloba T V 27.C
    Ginkgo biloba T W 68.9
    Glechoma hederacea T R 20.4
    Glechoma hederacea T S 30.4
    Glycine max T O 26.6
    Glycine max T R 47.4
    Glycine max T S 82.0
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T S 35.4
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T O 40.5
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T W 100.0
    Gossypium herbaceum T S 36.1
    Guizotia abyssinica T R 28.9
    Guizotia abyssinica T S 40.4
    Malus T V 44.4
    Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. T R 26.3
    Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. T S 67.0
    Malus sp. T R 65.3
    Malva moschata T S 41.1
    Malva sylvestris T S 36.4
    Malva sylvestris T O 47.4
    Malva verticillata T R 42.7
    Mangifera indica T O 30.5
    Manihot esculenta syn. T W 38.3
    M. utilissima
    Manihot esculenta syn. T S 50.4
    M. utilissima
    Manihot esculenta syn. T O 86.5
    M. utilissima
    Melilotus aba T R 30.4
    Melilotus officinalis T R 68.1
    Melissa officinalis T S 33.7
    Melissa officinalis T O 34.7
    mentha arvensis T R 53.7
    Mentha suaveolens T S 26.8
    Menyanthes trifoliata T S 32.8
    Miscanthus sinensis Andress T R 22.7
    Momordica charantia T S 55.5
    Monarda didyma T S 26.8
    Monarda fistulosa T S 21.5
    Montia perfoliata T R 26.6
    Musa paradisiaca T W 29.0
    nasturtium officinale T S 35.4
    Nepeta cataria T W 26.5
    Nepeta cataria T O 27.5
    Nepeta cataria T S 41.9
    Nephelium longana ou T W 43.4
    Euphoria longana
    Nicotiana rustica T O 26.0
    Nicotiana rustica T S 32.7
    Nicotiana tabacum T S 25.1
    Nicotiana tabacum T O 77.7
    Nigella sativa T R 59.3
    Nigella sativa T R 100.0
    Ocimum Basilicum T W 20.2
    Ocimum Basilicum T V 20.2
    Ocimum Basilicum T S 32.8
    Oenothera biennis linné T R 100.0
    Onobrychis viciafolia T R 45.0
    Optunia sp. T W 33.4
    Origanum marjonara T O 20.5
    Origanum vulgare T O 20.8
    Origanum vulgare T W 21.6
    Oryza sativa T W 42.4
    Lentinus edodes T O 100.0
    Lepidium sativum T S 44.2
    Levisticum officinale T S 20.8
    Levisticum officinale T O 39.4
    Linum usitatissimum T R 42.3
    Litchi chinensis T W 25.7
    Lolium multiflorum T S 20.6
    Lolium perenne T R 28.7
    Lonicera ramosissima T S 26.3
    Lonicera ramosissima T O 40.4
    Lonicera ramosissima T W 53.2
    Lonicera syringantha T W 95.8
    Lotus corniculatus T R 100.0
    Lotus tetragonolubus T S 65.4
    Lunaria annua T O 55.7
    Lunaria annua T S 67.3
    Lycopersicon esculentum T R 37.6
    Malus T W 31.8
    Phaseolus mungo T O 37.9
    Phaseolus vulgaris T R 20.1
    Phaseolus vulgaris T S 51.9
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 61.7
    Phlox paniculata T S 22.9
    Phlox paniculata T O 44.5
    Phoenix dactylifera T O 29.6
    Physalis alkekengi T R 32.9
    Physalis ixocarpa T R 26.6
    Physalis ixocarpa T O 28.3
    Physalis pruinosa T S 27.3
    Physalis pruinosa T R 47.8
    Physalis pruinosa T O 93.1
    Physalis sp T W 39.1
    Physalis sp T V 60.8
    Phytolacca americana T S 41.8
    Phytolacca americana T O 100.0
    Phytolacca decandra syn. T O 85.9
    P. americana
    Pimpinella anisum T S 20.2
    Pimpinella anisum T O 68.4
    Pisum sativum T W 20.1
    Pisum sativum T S 25.8
    Pisum sativum T V 27.0
    Pisum sativum T O 51.8
    Plantago coronopus T R 21.9
    Plantago coronopus T O 48.6
    Plantago coronopus T S 66.8
    Plantago major T S 35.1
    Pleurotus spp T W 25.3
    Pleurotus spp T S 59.3
    Pleurotus spp T O 85.2
    Poa compressa T R 26.2
    Poa pratensis T O 21.5
    Poa pratensis T R 30.0
    Podophyllum peltatum T O 33.9
    Podophyllum peltatum T S 50.2
    Polygonum aviculare linné T R 31.0
    Polygonum pennsylvanicum T S 56.6
    Polygonum persicaria T S 20.1
    populus incrassata T W 54.9
    populus Tremula T W 31.0
    Populus X petrowskyana T W 100.0
    Potentilla anserina T S 22.1
    Potentilla anserina T O 41.1
    oxyria digyna T O 57.0
    oxyria digyna T V 77.9
    Panax quinquefolius L. T O 23.5
    Panicum miliaceum T W 36.5
    Passiflora spp T S 35.8
    Passiflora spp T V 38.3
    Passiflora spp T W 46.2
    Passiflora spp T O 100.0
    Pastinaca sativa T O 21.7
    Pastinaca sativa T R 38.6
    Pastinaca sativa T S 39.2
    Persea americana T V 32.5
    Persea americana T O 38.6
    Petasites Japonicus T S 26.2
    Phalaris canariensis T O 80.0
    Phaseolus coccineus T S 44.4
    Phaseolus coccineus T R 79.1
    Phaseolus mungo T S 27.0
    Raphanus sativus T W 38.1
    Raphanus sativus T S 63.6
    Raphanus sativus T O 93.4
    Reseda luteola T S 22.5
    Rharnnus frangula T S 34.2
    Rhamnus frangula T R 39.5
    Rheum officinale T S 100.0
    Rheum palmatum T W 20.2
    Rheum rhabarbarum T S 33.8
    Rianus communis T S 20.9
    Ribes nidigrolaria T W 44.5
    Ribes nidigrolaria T V 53.1
    Ribes nigrum T S 40.7
    Ribes nigrum L T W 50.0
    Ribes nigrum L T V 60.1
    Ribes sativam syme T W 47.9
    Ribes Sativum T R 48.2
    Ribes Silvestre T V 26.3
    Ribes Silvestre T W 100.C
    Ribes uva-crispa T O 57.5
    Rosa rugosa T S 27.8
    Rosa rugosa thunb. T W 37.5
    Rosa rugosa thunb. T V 45.7
    Rosmarinum officinalis T R 44.2
    Rosmarinum officinalis T W 65.9
    Rubus canadensis T S 45.5
    Rubus idaeus T W 31.4
    Rubus idaeus T V 57.2
    Rubus ideaus T S 28.5
    Rubus ideaus T O 38.0
    Rubus occidentalis T O 21.4
    Rubus occidentalis T S 36.5
    Rubus occidentalis T R 60.2
    Rumes scutatus T O 84.5
    Rumex crispus linné T O 52.5
    Rumex crispus linné T R 100.0
    Rumex patientia T O 23.1
    Rumex patientia T S 65.8
    Ruta graveolens T S 37.2
    Sabal serrulata syn. T V 34.4
    Serenoa repens
    Sabal serrulata syn. T S 44.6
    Serenoa repens
    Salix purpurea T R 67.8
    Salvia (elegens) T O 51.1
    Sambucus canadensis T S 44.8
    Prunus cerasus T V 30.1
    Prunus persica T W 26.6
    Prunus persica T V 38.5
    Prunus spp T S 24.0
    Prunus spp T V 49.1
    Psidium guajaba T V 22.5
    Psidium guajaba T W 44.3
    Psidium guajaba T O 95.4
    Psidium spp T S 36.6
    Psidium spp T W 47.6
    Psidium spp T O 87.6
    Pteridium aquilinum T R 22.0
    Punica granatum T V 52.1
    Pyrus communis T V 39.5
    Pyrus pyrifolia T W 33.7
    Raphanus raphanistrum T O 24.5
    Raphanus raphanistrum T S 44.8
    Raphanus raphanistrum T S 46.1
    Raphanus sativus T V 25.4
    Raphanus sativus T R 32.1
    Solanum melogena T O 21.8
    solanum melogena T V 26.1
    Solanum melogena T R 34.0
    Solanum melogena T S 67.1
    Solanum Tuberosum T O 68.6
    Solidago canadensis T S 48.4
    Solidago sp T R 31.4
    Solidago virgaurea T S 56.2
    Sorghum caffrorum T O 23.3
    Sorghum dochna bicolor gr T W 20.8
    technicum
    Sorghum dochna Snowdrew T S 21.4
    Sorghum dochna Snowdrew T O 27.7
    Spinacia oleracea T V 25.0
    Spinacia oleracea T W 32.1
    Spinacia oleracea T S 47.6
    Spinacia oleracea T O 63.1
    Stachys affinis T R 31.7
    Stachys affinis T O 100.0
    Stachys byzantina T W 30.9
    Stipa capillata L T R 20.1
    Symphytum officinale T S 24.1
    Tanacetum cinerarifolium T O 24.2
    Tanacetum cinerarifolium T R 84.4
    Tanacetum vulgare T R 25.7
    Tanacetum vulgare T S 75.6
    Taraxacum officinale (Red ribe) T S 21.1
    Tepary T R 56.7
    Teucrium chamaedrys L. T R 27.3
    Thalpsi arvense T S 61.4
    Thymus fragantissumus T R 100.0
    Thymus herba-barona T W 22.0
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T R 36.8
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T S 37.1
    Thymus serpyllum T S 26.0
    Thymus serpyllum T W 42.7
    Thymus X citriodorus T O 22.7
    Tiarella cordifolia T R 100.0
    Tragopogon porrifolius T V 26.8
    Tragopogon porrifolius T O 28.4
    Tragopogon porrifolius T S 42.1
    Tragopogon sp. T O 20.3
    Tragopogon sp. T S 32.0
    Tragopogon sp. T W 66.3
    Sambucus canadensis T O 72.4
    Sambucus canadensis L T W 67.8
    Sambucus ebulus T V 44.3
    Sanguisorba officinalis T R 100.0
    Santolina T R 37.9
    Satureja montana T S 20.0
    Satureja montana T O 21.3
    Satureja repandra T S 36.3
    Scorzorera hipanica T R 27.1
    Scorzorera hipanica T S 31.7
    Scuttellaria lateriflora T S 44.3
    Secale cereale T S 24.2
    Secale cereale T W 31.1
    Sechium edule T S 37.8
    Sesamum indicum T S 59.2
    Setaria italica T W 33.0
    Silybum marianum T O 92.4
    Sium sisarum T O 32.7
    Sium sisarum T S 33.1
    Sium sisarum T O 81.3
    Vaccinium angusttfolium T R 34.6
    Vaccinium angustifolium T O 59.6
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 65.7
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T O 30.2
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T S 39.0
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T S 56.9
    Vaccinum macrocarpon T V 39.2
    Vaccinum macrocarpon T W 42.3
    Veratrum viride T O 20.5
    Veratrum viride T S 33.1
    Verbascum thapsus T S 43.1
    Verbascum thapsus T O 70.2
    Veronica officinalis T O 20.5
    Viburnum trilobum Marsh. T S 40.6
    Vicia faba T R 61.5
    Vicia sativa T R 30.1
    Vigna angularia T R 32.6
    Vigna angularia T S 64.2
    Vigna unguiculata T R 32.4
    Vigna unguiculata T O 47.4
    Vigna unguiculata T S 51.0
    Vinca minor T S 21.3
    Vitis sp. T V 28.3
    Vitis sp. T O 29.4
    Vitis sp. T S 45.4
    Vitis sp. T V 50.7
    Vitis sp. T W 61.6
    Vitis sp. T R 100.0
    Weigela coracensis T W 35.5
    Withania somnifera T S 35.5
    Xanthium sibiricum T S 38.6
    Xanthium strumarium T S 33.5
    Zea mays T S 37.1
    Zea mays T O 65.5
    Zingiber officinale T S 20.1
    Zingiber officinale T W 58.9
    Zingiber officinale T O 75.9
    Trichosanthes kirilowii T O 66.5
    Trifolium incamatum T R 47.9
    Trifolium repens T R 81.7
    Trigonella foenum graecum T S 39.6
    Triticale sp. T O 64.1
    Triticum aestivum T W 24.5
    Triticum aestivum T S 29.4
    Triticum furgidumm T S 35.8
    Triticum spelta T S 34.7
    Tropaeolum majus T O 90.3
    Tropaeolum malus T W 20.1
    Tsuga canOadensis T O 21.5
    Tsuga canOadensis T W 64.4
    Tsuga diversifolia T O 45.9
    Tsuga diversifolia T W 100.0
    Tsuga F. macrophylla T W 28.1
    Typha latifolia L T S 30.6
    Urtica dioica T O 31.4
    Urtica dioica T R 36.9
    Urtica dioica T S 41.7
    Vaccinium angustifolium T V 25.2
  • [0149]
    TABLE 5
    Cath B
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Achillea millefolium A O 61.9
    Achillea tomentosa A O 60.8
    Aconitum A O 38.6
    Aconitum napellus A O 61.1
    Alchemilla mollis A R 26.7
    Allium A R 43.0
    Allium cepa gr. Cepa A O 49.9
    Allium cepa gr. Cepa A O 70.1
    Allium cepa gr. Cepa A R 45.8
    Allium sativum A O 25.6
    Allium Tuberosum A O 91.5
    Allium Tuberosum A O 75.0
    Allium victorialis A O 31.1
    Amaranthus gangeticus A O 26.1
    Amaranthus gangeticus A O 29.0
    Amelanchier canadensis A R 28.7
    Anthemis tinctoria A O 26.8
    Anthemis tinctoria A R 32.4
    Anthoxanthum odoratum A O 24.9
    Apium graveolens A O 31.1
    Apium graveolens A O 20.6
    Aralia cordata A R 52.3
    Arctium lappa A O 33.7
    Arctium lappa A R 33.0
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. A R 41.2
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. A O 21.6
    Asarum europaeum A O 24.9
    Athaea officinalis A O 57.7
    Athyrium asperum A O 27.3
    Atropa belladonna A O 37.7
    Begonia convolvulacea A O 26.0
    Begonia eminii A O 34.2
    Begonia glabra A O 38.9
    Begonia Hannii A O 52.9
    Begonia polygonoides A O 67.3
    Berberis vulgaris A O 54.6
    Beta vulgaris A R 39.9
    Beta vulgaris A R 30.4
    Beta vulgaris A O 61.9
    Beta vulgaris A O 43.0
    Beta vulgaris A R 91.0
    Beta vulgaris A O 46.7
    Beta vulgaris A R 65.3
    Beta vulgaris A R 33.4
    Beta vulgaris A O 54.3
    Beta vulgaris A O 38.2
    Beta vulgaris A R 55.9
    Beta vulgaris A R 28.5
    Beta vulgaris A O 40.1
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A O 33.4
    Brassica juncea A O 21.3
    Brassica Oleracea A O 27.5
    Brassica Oleracea A O 48.2
    Brassica rapa A O 20.8
    Calendula officinalis A O 35.6
    Camellia sinensis syn. A R 24.4
    Thea sinensis
    Cana edulis A R 100.0
    Capsicum annuum A O 25.0
    Cichorium intybus A R 100.0
    Citrullus lanatus A O 24.4
    Convallaria maialis A O 57.0
    Coriandrum sativum A R 20.8
    Cryptotaenia canadensis A O 20.4
    Cucumis Anguria A O 26.8
    Cucumis sativus A R 45.6
    Curburbita pepo A O 30.8
    Daucus carota A R 68.8
    Daucus carota A O 20.3
    Daucus carota A R 72.5
    Daucus carota A O 22.6
    Daucus carota A O 25.6
    Daucus carota A R 65.9
    Daucus carota A R 77.3
    Daucus carota A R 41.6
    Dirca palustris A R 100.0
    Eruca vesicaria A O 41.4
    Filipendula rubra A R 65.0
    Forsythia intermedia A R 100.0
    Forsythia x intermedia A R 100.0
    Geum rivale A O 26.4
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A R 86.8
    Heliotropium arborescens A O 29.5
    Humulus Lupulus A O 65.4
    Humulus Lupulus A R 100.0
    Hylotelephium A R 23.7
    Hypericum henryi A R 44.4
    Iberis sempervirens A O 84.6
    Jeffersonia diphylla A O 35.4
    Ligularia dentata A O 30.3
    Lonicera ramosissima A R 48.7
    Miscanthus sacchariflorus A O 50.9
    Nicotiana tabacum A O 40.0
    Nicotiana tabacum A O 56.8
    Nicotiana tabacum A O 55.2
    Nigella sativa A O 40.3
    Origanum majorana A O 49.7
    Origanum vulgare A O 67.0
    Origanum vulgare A O 39.9
    Panax quinquefolius L A O 24.0
    Pastinaca sativa A R 33.5
    Petroselinum crispum A O 70.2
    Peucedanum cervaria A O 21.5
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A O 67.9
    Philadelphus coronarius A O 24.0
    Physostegia virginiana A O 56.9
    Phytolacca americana A O 100.0
    Plantago major A O 31.2
    Plectranthus fruticosus A O 32.1
    Polygonum pennsylvanicum A R 70.1
    Pulmonaria saccharata A O 31.1
    Raphanus sativus A O 21.5
    Raphanus sativus A O 50.5
    Raphanus sativus A O 58.8
    Ribes nigrum L. A O 53.1
    Rubus Allegheniensis A O 56.7
    Rubus ideaus A R 89.0
    Capsicum frutescens A O 29.6
    Chrysanthemum balsamita A O 89.3
    Chrysanthemun balsamina A O 65.0
    Chrysanthemun coronarium A O 30.1
    (Chp Suey)
    Chrysanthemun coronarium A O 36.4
    (Chp Suey)
    Salvia sclarea A O 21.5
    Saponaria officinalis A O 68.5
    Satureja montana A O 47.6
    Scorzonera hispanica A O 29.9
    Sesamum indicum A O 84.8
    Solanum dulcamara A O 51.3
    Solidago canadensis A O 95.3
    Solidago hybrida A O 94.5
    Solidago hybrida A O 99.5
    Solidago sp ? A O 60.9
    Stellaria graminea linné A O 40.2
    Tamarindus indica A O 59.2
    Taraxacum officinale A O 88.6
    Thalictrum aquilegiifolium A O 65.2
    Thalictrum Aquilegiifolium A O 44.5
    Thuja occidentalis A O 50.6
    Thymus praecox subsp arctitus A O 23.9
    Tiarella A R 34.4
    Vaccinum augustifolium A R 67.2
    Vaccinum macrocarpon A R 37.1
    Vitia sp. A R 93.7
    Xanthium strumarium A O 83.2
    Yucca filamentosa A O 34.5
    Zea mays A O 29.7
    Zea mays A O 93.2
    Achillea tomentosa G O 41.0
    Adiantum tenerum G R 30.2
    Alcea rosea G O 37.7
    Alchemilla mollis G R 32.8
    Allium schoenoporasum G O 49.3
    Allium tuberosum G O 79.1
    Allium tuberosum G O 77.4
    Allium victorialis G O 45.5
    Althaea officinalis G O 67.2
    amaranthus gangeticus G O 23.5
    Anaphalis margaritacea G R 34.7
    Angelica dahurica G R 27.9
    Anthemis nobilis G O 42.3
    Apium graveolens G O 25.7
    Apium graveolens G O 27.4
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G R 94.5
    Aronia melanocarpa G R 74.5
    Aronia melanocarpa G O 21.3
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. G R 79.9
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. G R 28.3
    Asarum europaeum G O 55.4
    Atropa belladonna G O 58.9
    Begonia eminii G O 24.7
    Begonia glabra G O 42.9
    Begonia manii G O 32.1
    Begonia polygonoides G O 38.2
    Berberis vulgaris G O 42.3
    Beta vulgaris G R 75.3
    Beta vulgaris G O 28.7
    Beta vulgaris G O 21.7
    Rumex crispus linné A R 65.2
    Salvia elegens A O 32.6
    Salvia nemorosa A O 26.2
    Salvia officianalis A O 26.3
    Salvia sclarea A R 51.6
    Daucus carota G O 27.2
    Dirca palustris G R 100.0
    Echinacea purpurea G O 22.9
    Equisetum hyemale G O 100.0
    Erigeron canadensis G O 73.3
    Erigeron speciosus G O 22.9
    (lindl.) D.C.
    Eruca vesicaria G O 29.2
    Erysimum perofskianum Fish. S. G O 89.8
    Fenouil bronze G R 23.7
    Filipendula rubra G R 93.2
    Filipendula rubra G R 100.0
    Filipendula ulmaria G O 20.5
    Filipendula vulgaris G O 26.2
    Forsythia intermedia G R 100.0
    Forsythia x intermedia G R 100.0
    Galium odoratum G O 21.0
    Gaultheria hispidula G R 39.3
    (L) Muhl
    Gaultheria procumbens G R 43.4
    Geum rivale G O 21.7
    Glycine max G O 64.2
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G R 53.4
    Hamamelis virginiana G R 88.4
    Heliotropium arborescens G O 23.0
    Humulus lupulus G R 100.0
    Humulus lupulus G O 90.2
    Hydrastis canadensis G O 30.9
    Hylotelephium G R 43.8
    Hypericum henryi G R 50.3
    Iberis sempervirens G O 87.7
    Lathyrus sativus G R 25.9
    Ligularia dentata G O 31.5
    Lunaria annua G O 59.7
    Lythrum salicaire G R 33.1
    Melissa officinalis G O 27.6
    Miscanthus sacchariflorus G O 30.7
    Nicotiana rustica G O 54.8
    Nicotiana tabacum G O 36.2
    Nigella sativa G O 40.3
    Origan G O 98.8
    Origanum majorana G O 48.9
    Panax quinquefolius L G O 21.1
    Panicum miliaceum G R 100.0
    Passiflora caerula G O 66.2
    Petroselinum crispum G O 65.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris G R 40.3
    Physostegia virginiana G O 74.0
    Phytolacca americana G O 100.0
    Plantago major G O 60.9
    Plectranthus fruticosus G O 29.2
    Polygonum aviculare linné G R 45.6
    Pongamia pinnata G O 41.7
    Pulmonaria officinalis G O 36.9
    Pulmonaria saccharata G O 24.7
    Raphanus sativus G O 38.9
    Raphanus sativus G O 86.4
    Beta vulgaris G R 40.0
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima G O 31.4
    Betula glandulosa G R 38.5
    Calendula officinalis G O 36.2
    Capsicum annus G O 49.9
    Chrysanthemum balsamita G O 100.0
    Chrysanthemun balsamina G O 33.1
    Cynara scolymus G O 51.9
    Daucus carota G O 81.3
    Silene vulgaris G O 35.5
    Solarium dulcamara G O 56.9
    Solidago canadensis G O 99.8
    Solidago canadensis G O 100.0
    Solidago sp ? G O 71.8
    Sorghum caffrorum G O 34.5
    Tamarindus indica G O 65.4
    Taraxacum officinale G O 82.7
    taraxacum officinale G O 42.7
    Tetradenia riparia G O 32.5
    Thalictrum aquilegiifolium G O 62.1
    Thuja occidentalis G O 57.7
    Thymus vulgaris “Argenteus” G O 40.7
    Tiarella G R 39.0
    Tropaeolum majus G O 36.6
    Tussilago farfara G O 26.8
    Vaccinium angustifolium G R 26.4
    Vaccinium angustifolium G R 89.1
    Vaccinum macrocarpon G R 33.9
    Vitia sp. G R 100.0
    Vitia sp. G R 90.9
    Vitis sp. G O 37.1
    Achillea millefolium T O 44.1
    Aconitum napellus T O 27.4
    Aesculus hippocastanum T R 84.2
    Aesculus hippocastanum T O 47.3
    Alcea rosea “Nigra” T O 24.3
    Alchemilla mollis T R 24.9
    Allium ascalonicum T O 31.1
    Allium cepa gr. Cepa T O 39.4
    Allium cepa gr. Cepa T R 23.2
    Allium cepa gr. Cepa T O 45.5
    Allium fistulosum T O 21.9
    Allium grande T O 39.5
    Allium tuberosum T O 26.6
    Allium tuberosum T O 33.1
    Allium tuberosum T O 72.3
    Allium tuberosum T R 22.6
    Allium victorialis T O 42.3
    Alpinia oficinarum T O 57.4
    Alpinia oficinarum T R 88.9
    Althacea officinalis T O 51.5
    Althaea officianalis T O 25.2
    Amelanchier canadensis T O 20.8
    Amelanchier canadensis T R 42.1
    Amsonia tabernaemontana T O 30.2
    Ananas comosus T R 36.2
    Anaphalis margaritacea T R 33.9
    Angelica dahurica T R 40.7
    Angelica sinensis syn. T O 91.0
    A. polymorpha
    Anthriscus cerefolium T R 23.3
    Rhus aromatica G O 49.1
    Ribes nigrum L G O 20.6
    Rubus ideaus G R 56.9
    Rubus occidentalis G R 61.3
    Saponaria officinalis G O 48.3
    Sarriette vivace G O 44.6
    Satureja repandra G O 72.3
    Sesamum indicum G O 46.8
    Sidalcea G O 55.2
    Aubepine, hawthorne T R 72.7
    Begonia convolvulacea T O 32.1
    Begonia eminii T O 40.4
    Begonia glabra T O 84.3
    Begonia manii T O 64.2
    Berberus vulgaris T O 35.4
    Beta vulgaris T O 34.1
    Beta vulgaris T R 86.7
    Beta vulgaris T O 23.8
    Beta vulgaris T R 79.4
    Beta vulgaris T O 34.2
    Beta vulgaris T R 20.8
    Beta vulgaris T R 37.0
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima T R 83.6
    Betula glandulosa T R 62.5
    Borago officinalis T O 23.5
    Brassica Napus T O 27.6
    Brassica oleracea T O 21.8
    Brassica oleracea T O 22.3
    Butomus umbellatus T O 20.8
    Canna edulis T R 100.0
    cannelle T R 99.5
    Carica papaya T R 100.0
    Chrysanthemum balsamita T O 89.3
    Chrysanthemum parthenium T R 44.6
    chrysanthemun coronarium T O 28.7
    (Chp Suey)
    chrysanthemun coronarium T O 59.2
    (Chp Suey)
    Citrus paradisi T R 100.0
    Citrus sinensis T R 100.0
    Cocos nucifera T R 100.0
    Cocos nucifera T O 71.9
    Convallaria majalis T O 67.1
    Corchorus olitorius T R 26.0
    Crataegus sanguinea T O 33.1
    Cryptotaenia canadensis T R 23.1
    Cucumis anguria T O 26.4
    Cucumis sativus (Fanfare) T O 25.7
    Cydonia oblonga T R 23.6
    Datura stramonium T O 61.4
    Daucus carota T R 21.1
    Diospiros Kaki T R 100.0
    Echinacea purpurea T O 27.8
    Eriobotrya japonica T R 25.2
    Eruca vesicaria T O 34.5
    Erysimum perofskianum Fish. S. T O 91.0
    Fragaria x ananassa T R 37.5
    Fucus vesiculosis T R 87.1
    Fumaria officinalis T O 44.4
    Gaultheria procumbens T R 74.8
    Gentiana macrophylla T O 44.5
    Glyceria maxima T O 37.6
    Anthriscus cerefolium T O 21.7
    Aralia cordata T R 44.1
    Aronia melanocarpa T R 33.1
    Aronia melanocarpa T R 100.0
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. T R 35.0
    Aronia prunifolia T R 50.4
    Artemisia draculus T O 42.5
    Asarum europaeum T O 39.4
    Asclepias incarnate L T O 48.7
    Asclepias tuberosa T O 21.5
    Asctinidia chinensis T O 24.9
    Atriplex hortensis T O 22.4
    Atropa belladonna T O 94.1
    Iberis sempervirens T O 90.8
    Jeffersonia diphylla T O 43.0
    Jugians nigra T R 66.7
    Kochia scoparia (L) Schrad. T O 38.4
    Krameria Triandra T R 63.6
    Lentinus edodes T R 100.0
    Lentinus edodes T R 26.2
    Ligularia dentate T O 34.9
    Ligustrum vulgare T O 29.5
    Lunaria annua T O 72.3
    Lunaria annua T R 51.1
    Lupinus polyphyllus lindl. T O 47.4
    Lychnis chalcedonica T O 34.4
    Lythrum salicaire T R 53.8
    Mangifera indica T R 100.0
    Mangifera indica T O 29.3
    Nigella sativa T O 26.1
    Nil T O 73.6
    Nil T R 25.4
    Nil T R 24.6
    Nil T R 49.8
    Nil T O 43.6
    Nil T R 28.4
    Optunia sp. T R 100.0
    Panax quinquefolius L T O 27.4
    Passiflora caerula T O 39.8
    Pastinaca sativa T O 20.5
    Perroselinum crispum T O 60.9
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 37.5
    Physostegia virginiana T O 64.2
    Phytolacca americana T O 51.9
    Phytolacca americana T O 100.0
    Plectranthus fruticosus T O 23.4
    Polygonatum odoratum T O 100.0
    Polygonium chinense T R 33.6
    Pontederia cordata T O 26.2
    Portulacea oleracea T O 20.7
    Primula veris T O 58.2
    Prunus persica T R 100.0
    Prunus persica T R 100.0
    (hybride de la p{tilde over (e)}che)
    Pulmonaria officinalis T O 22.8
    Punica granatum T R 100.0
    Pyrus pyrifolia T R 22.4
    Radix Paeonia rubra T O 39.8
    Rahmnus frangula T R 25.3
    Raphanus sativus T O 45.8
    Rhus trilobata T O 20.2
    Glycine max Envy T O 40.3
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T R 37.7
    Hamamelis virginiana T R 78.3
    Helichrysum angustifolium T R 21.8
    Heliotropium arborescens T O 26.8
    Humulus lupulus T R 84.7
    Humulus lupulus T O 39.2
    Humulus lupulus T O 100.0
    Humulus lupulus T R 100.0
    Hydrastis canadensis T I 42.7
    Hypericum henryi T R 51.8
    Hypericum perforatum T O 52.3
    Hypomyces lactiflorum T O 30.1
    Silene vulgaris T O 51.3
    Solidago hybrida T O 92.8
    Solidago Hybrida T O 100.0
    Solidago Hybrida T R 100.0
    Solidago sp ? T O 39.6
    Tamarindus indica T O 64.2
    Tanacetum balsamila T O 100.0
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 23.3
    Taraxacum officinale T O 90.9
    Taraxacum officinale (Red ribe) T O 34.5
    Thuja occidentalis T O 37.6
    Thymus serpyllum T O 20.6
    Tiarella T R 35.6
    Tragopogon sp. T R 21.1
    Trigonella foenum graecum T R 97.3
    Tropaeolum majus T O 58.8
    Tropaeolum majus T R 28.6
    Tropaeolum majus T O 36.7
    Tsuga diversifolia T R 64.0
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 72.2
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 50.7
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T R 52.6
    Vitia sp. T O 35.1
    Vita sp. T R 98.9
    Vitis sp. T R 32.6
    Weigela coracensis T R 24.6
    Zea mays T R 100.0
    Zea mays T R 48.1
    Ribes uva-crispa T R 34.2
    Rosa Rugosa “Alba” T O 45.4
    Rubus idaeus T R 31.2
    Rubus idaeus L. T O 42.7
    Rubus ideaus T R 74.2
    Rubus occidentalis T R 68.1
    Rumex crispus linné T R 37.9
    Salvia nemorosa T O 38.2
    Sambucus canadensis T O 27.5
    Sambucus nigra T O 30.8
    Sanguisorba minor T R 78.3
    Saponaria officinalis T O 68.7
    Saponaria officinalis L T O 44.2
    Satureja hortensis T O 62.1
    Sechium edule T O 34.4
    Sesamum indicum T O 78.6
    Sidalcea T O 42.9
  • [0150]
    TABLE 6
    Cath D
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Agastache foeniculum A O 91.6
    Agropyron cristatum A O 24.5
    Agropyron repens A O 75.2
    Agrostis Stofonifera A O 94.7
    Alchemilla mollis A O 39.0
    Allium sativum A R 100.0
    Allium schoenoprasum A R 40.0
    Althaea officinalis A O 96.5
    Amaranthus gangeticus A R 67.4
    Amaranthus gangeticus A O 74.3
    Amaranthus retroflexus A O 100.0
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia A O 75.4
    Anethum graveolens A O 48.7
    Angelica archangelica A O 27.6
    Anthemis nobilis A O 56.2
    Anthemis tinctoria A S 42.3
    Aralia cordata A R 100.0
    Aralia nudicaulis A R 44.8
    Arctium minus A O 93.2
    Arctium minus A O 100.0
    Aronia melanocarpa A O 22.8
    Artemisia abrotanum A O 31.3
    Artemisia abrotanum A O 43.6
    Artemisia absinthium A O 58.3
    Artemisia Absinthium A O 71.4
    Artemisia dracunculus A O 70.5
    Artemisis Ludoviciana A O 74.4
    Artemisis Ludoviciana A O 100.0
    Asparagus officinalis A O 61.9
    Aster sp A O 100.0
    Aster sp A O 100.0
    Atropa belladonna A O 100.0
    Beckmannia eruciformis A R 22.1
    Beckmannia eruciformis A O 48.3
    Beta vulgaris A R 21.2
    Beta vulgaris A R 100.0
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A O 30.8
    Betta vulgaris A O 100.0
    Brassica napus A R 63.6
    Brassica oleracea A R 33.3
    Brassica rapa A R 23.8
    Brassica rapa A O 26.1
    Bromus inermis A O 59.6
    Calamintha nepeta A R 24.0
    Campanula rapunculus A O 41.6
    Canna edulis A O 100.0
    Capsella bursa-pastoris A O 36.7
    Capsicum annuum A R 25.8
    Capsicum annuum A R 28.2
    Capsicum annuum A O 64.7
    Capsicum annuum A R 76.9
    Capsicum frutescens A O 44.1
    Carthamus tinctorius A O 42.9
    Carum carvi A R 28.6
    Chaerophyllum bulbosom A O 100.0
    Chelidonium majus A R 100.0
    chenopodium bonus-henricus A O 54.3
    Chenopodium quinoa A R 22.2
    Chrysanthemum coronarium A O 96.8
    Citrullus lanatus A R 35.9
    Citrullus lanatus A O 76.5
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi A O 20.9
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi A O 93.2
    Comus canadensis A O 30.9
    Cuburbita pepo A O 21.9
    Cucumis melo A O 44.1
    Cucumis sativus A O 21.3
    Cucumis sativus A R 33.3
    Cucurbita Maxima A R 100.0
    Cucurbita moschata A R 20.5
    Cucurbita pepo A O 31.9
    Cucurbita pepo A R 40.9
    Cucurbita pepo A O 41.2
    Curcuma zedoaria A O 26.3
    Cymbopogon martinii A O 77.8
    Daucus carota A O 55.1
    Daucus carota A R 100.0
    Dipsacus sativus A O 21.1
    Elymus junceus A O 27.7
    Eschscholzia californica A O 44.4
    Foeniculum vulgare A O 81.8
    Forsythia Intermedia A O 40.4
    Forsythia intermedia A R 100.0
    Fragaria x ananassa A R 38.5
    Galinsoga ciliata A O 46.7
    Galium odoratum A O 21.6
    Galium odoratum A R 22.7
    Gaultheria hispidula A R 71.9
    Gaultheria hispidula A O 90.2
    Gentiana lutea A R 100.0
    Glechoma hederacea A O 32.7
    Glycine max A S 55.1
    Glycine max A R 100.0
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A R 100.0
    Guizotia abyssinica A O 73.8
    Hedeoma pulegioides A O 100.0
    Helianthus tuberosus A O 37.2
    Hordeum hexastichon A R 34.6
    Hordeum hexastichon A O 63.6
    Hordeum vulgare A O 66.7
    Hordeum vulgure subsp. Vulgare A O 33.3
    Hypericum henryi A O 66.7
    Hyssopus officinalis A O 100.0
    Ipomoea Batatas A O 55.1
    Iris versicolor A R 24.1
    Iris versicolor A O 30.8
    Lathyrus sativus A O 20.6
    Laurus nobilis A O 33.3
    Levisticum officinale A O 87.6
    Linum usitatissimum A R 21.4
    Linum usitatissimum A O 44.4
    Lolium perenne A O 30.9
    Lotus corniculatus A O 23.4
    Lycopersicon esculentum A R 40.0
    Matricaria recutita A S 56.4
    Medicago sativa A R 20.5
    Melissa officinalis A O 100.0
    Mentha piperita A O 22.7
    Cichorium endivia susp. A R 36.0
    Endivia
    Cichorium endivia susp. A O 78.4
    Endivia
    Cichorium intybus A O 100.0
    Citrullus lanatus A O 22.7
    Citrullus lanatus A R 26.7
    Nicotiana tabacum A R 44.3
    Oenothera biennis A O 23.8
    Oenothera biennis A O 40.0
    Oenothera biennis A R 100.0
    Origanum vulgare A O 94.7
    Panax quinquefolius A O 29.8
    Panax quinquefofius A O 35.1
    Panax quinquefofius A O 40.4
    Pastinaca sativa A O 74.4
    Perilla frutescens A O 86.7
    Perilla frutescens A R 100.0
    Petasites japonicus A O 43.5
    Petroselinum crispum A O 100.0
    Phalaris arundinacea A O 21.3
    Phalaris canariensis A O 22.0
    Phaseolus coccineus A O 68.8
    Phaseolus mungo A S 58.5
    Phaseolus mungo A O 100.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris A O 33.3
    Phaseolus vulgaris A O 80.3
    Phleum pratense A O 20.2
    Physalis ixocarpa A R 100.0
    Pimpinella anisum A O 86.7
    Plantago major A O 99.0
    Plectranthus sp. A R 50.0
    Plectranthus sp. A O 64.0
    Polygonum aviculare A O 55.7
    Poterium sanguisorba A R 100.0
    Poterium Sanquisorba A O 23.4
    Prunus Tomentosa A O 27.6
    Raphanus Sativus A O 36.8
    Raphanus sativus A R 100.0
    Rheun rhabarbarum A R 33.0
    Ribes nigrum A R 21.1
    Ribes nigrum A O 32.6
    Ribes rubrum A O 24.5
    Ribes Sylvestre A O 21.1
    Ribes Sylvestre A R 30.3
    Rosa rugosa A R 21.1
    Rosa rugosa A O 36.6
    Rosa rugosa A O 40.2
    Rosmarinus officinalis A O 95.7
    Rubus canadensis A R 25.8
    Rubus canadensis A O 31.7
    Rubus idaeus A O 85.9
    Rubus ideaus A R 66.7
    Rumex acetosella A O 27.4
    Rumex crispus A O 25.0
    Rumex Scutatus A O 21.3
    Salvia officinalis A O 21.3
    Salvia officinalis A O 85.1
    Salvia officinalis A R 100.0
    Salvia sclarea A O 29.9
    Sanguisorba officinalis A O 23.1
    Mentha piperita A R 100.0
    Mentha suaveolens A O 53.2
    Nepeta cataria A O 100.0
    Nicotiana tabacum A O 37.7
    Solanum melanocerasum A S 44.6
    Solanum melanocerasum A R 60.0
    Solanum tuberosum A O 29.2
    Solidago sp A O 98.4
    Spinacia oleracea A O 40.5
    Spinacia oleracea A S 57.7
    Stachys affinis A O 23.8
    Stachys byzantina A O 96.1
    Stellaria graminea A O 34.4
    Stellaria media A O 24.6
    Symphytum officinale A O 87.7
    Symphytum officinale A O 100.0
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium A O 70.7
    Tanacetum parthenium A R 40.0
    Tanacetum parthenium A O 74.7
    Tanacetum parthenium A R 100.0
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 26.7
    Tanacetum vulgare A R 32.7
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 98.4
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 100.0
    Taraxacum officinale A R 22.7
    Taraxacum officinale A O 100.0
    Teucrium chamaedrys A O 100.0
    Thymus praecox subsp A O 75.6
    arcticus
    Thymus praecox subsp A O 100.0
    arcticus
    Thymus serpyllum A O 78.1
    Thymus vulgaris A O 90.9
    Trichosanthes kirilowii A O 100.0
    Trifolium incarnatum A S 76.9
    Trifolium pannonicum A O 72.6
    Trifolium pratense A O 100.0
    Trifolium repens A O 100.0
    Triticum durum A R 22.7
    Triticum spelta A R 24.0
    Triticum spelta A O 32.4
    Typha latifolia A O 52.1
    Vaccinium Corymbosum A R 53.3
    Vaccinium macrocarpon A R 44.3
    Valeriana officinalis A O 23.1
    Verbascum thapsus A O 65.6
    Vitis sp. A O 33.7
    Vitis sp. A R 33.3
    Zea mays A R 25.0
    Zea mays A R 50.0
    Achillea millefolium G O 47.7
    Agropyron repens G O 93.3
    Alchemilla mollis G O 32.1
    Allium ascalonicum G O 29.7
    Allium sativum G R 100.0
    Allium schoenoprasum G R 100.0
    Allium tuberosum G R 100.0
    Althaea officinalis G O 95.6
    Amaranthus caudathus G O 95.3
    Amaranthus gangeticus G O 45.7
    Amaranthus retroflexus G O 78.3
    Sanguisorba officinalis A R 48.3
    Santolina chamaecyparissus A O 52.9
    Satureja montana A O 87.4
    Scorzonera hispanica A O 30.8
    Secale cereale A R 21.2
    Senecio vulgaris A O 42.6
    Sesamum indicum A O 27.3
    Silybum marianum A O 25.2
    Sium sisarum A O 34.4
    Solanum dulcamara A R 21.4
    Arrhenatherum elatius G S 50.8
    Artemisia abrotanum G O 52.1
    Artemisia absinthium G O 59.7
    Artemisia absinthium G O 72.9
    Artemisia Ludoviciana G O 64.1
    Artemisia Ludoviciana G O 90.7
    Artemisia vulgaris G O 55.2
    Artemisia vulgaris G O 83.3
    Asclepias incamata G O 38.9
    Asclepias incamata G O 75.6
    Asparagus officinalis G R 27.8
    Aster sp G O 33.3
    Atropa belladonna G O 96.6
    Beta vulgaris G O 92.1
    Beta vulgaris G R 100.0
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima G R 100.0
    Borago officinalis G O 100.0
    Brassica napus G R 40.9
    Brassica oleracea G R 66.7
    Bromus inermis G O 38.3
    Calamintha nepeta G R 25.3
    Campanula rapunculus G S 50.8
    Campanula rapunculus G O 68.8
    Campanula rapunculus G O 69.9
    Canna edulis G S 50.8
    Capsella bursa-pastoris G O 30.0
    Capsicum annuum G O 27.9
    Capsicum annuum G R 33.3
    Capsicum annuum G R 35.9
    Capsicum annuum G R 41.0
    Capsicum annuum G S 43.1
    Capsicum annuum G O 56.9
    Capsicum frutescens G O 60.8
    Carthamus tinctorius G O 30.2
    Carum carvi G O 28.6
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum G O 88.9
    Chrysanthemum coronarium G O 82.5
    Cicer arietinum G R 31.8
    Cichorium endivia subsp endivia G O 100.0
    Cichorium intybus G O 100.0
    Circium arvense G S 53.8
    Circium arvense G O 63.3
    Citrullus lanatus G O 40.9
    Citrullus lanatus G O 56.9
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi G O 100.0
    Comus canadensis G O 20.2
    Cornus canadensis G O 35.1
    Cucumis anguria G R 40.0
    Cucurbita maxima G O 31.4
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia G O 73.8
    Amelanchier alnifolius G O 50.5
    Anethum graveolens G O 100.0
    Anthemis nobilis G O 94.3
    Apium graveolens G O 21.9
    Arctium minus G O 65.9
    Arctium minus G O 71.7
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G O 84.8
    Aronia melanocarpa G O 31.5
    Foeniculum vulgare G O 100.0
    Forsythia intermedia G R 100.0
    Forsythia x intermedia G O 42.1
    Galium odoratum G R 63.6
    Galium odoratum G O 64.7
    Gaultheria hispidula G R 63.4
    Gaultheria hispidula G O 69.6
    Glechoma hederacea G O 50.5
    Glechoma hederacea G R 100.0
    Glycine max G O 27.9
    Glycine max G R 100.0
    Guizotia abyssinica G R 33.3
    Guizotia abyssinica G O 83.6
    Helianthus annuus G R 100.0
    Helianthus strumosus G R 28.9
    Helianthus strumosus G O 52.2
    Helianthus tuberosus G O 29.3
    Helianthus tuberosus G O 54.9
    Helichrysum thianschanicum G O 30.5
    Heliotropium arborescens G R 29.1
    Hysopus officinalis G O 100.0
    Ipomoea batatas G O 45.8
    Lactuca sativa G O 26.6
    Lathyrus sativus G O 72.7
    Lathyrus sylvestris G O 33.3
    Lathyrus sylvestris G R 56.8
    Lavandula angustifolia G R 100.0
    Lavandula angustifolia G O 100.0
    Lavandula latifolia G O 100.0
    Leonurus cardiaca G O 100.0
    Levisticum officinale G O 98.1
    Levisticum officinale G R 100.0
    Linum usitatissimum G O 42.9
    Lolium perenne G O 25.5
    Lotus tetragonolobus G R 49.2
    Lupinus polyphyllus G O 33.3
    Lycopersicon esculentum G O 29.5
    Lycopersicon esculentum G R 43.3
    Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium G R 100.0
    Malva moschata G O 100.0
    Medicago sativa G O 32.6
    Melissa officinalis G O 100.0
    Mentha piperita G O 40.3
    Mentha suaveolens G O 79.2
    Monarda didyma G R 100.0
    Nepeta cataria G O 100.0
    Ocimum basilicum G O 80.5
    Oenothera biennis G O 41.7
    Oenothera biennis G R 100.0
    Origanum majorana G O 67.4
    Cucurbita maxima G R 40.9
    Cucurbita moschata G O 23.0
    Cucurbita moschata G R 31.8
    Cucurbita moschata G S 47.7
    Cucurbita pepo G O 29.8
    Cucurbita pepo G R 53.3
    Cymbopogon martinii G O 100.0
    Cynara scolymus G O 27.3
    Datura metel G O 54.1
    Daucus carota G O 28.6
    Daucus carota G R 100.0
    Digitalis purpurea G R 100.0
    Dirca palustris G R 24.5
    Elymus junceus G O 38.3
    Erigeron speciosus G O 73.7
    Plantago major G O 95.2
    Plectranthus sp. G R 100.0
    Plectranthus sp. G O 100.0
    Poa compressa G O 20.2
    Portulaca oleracera G O 60.0
    Potentilla anserina G R 100.0
    Poterium sanguisorba G O 21.3
    Poterium sanguisorba G R 100.0
    Prunella vulgaris G O 70.3
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G O 33.3
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G R 80.0
    Raphanus sativus G O 52.6
    Raphanus sativus G R 100.0
    Ribes nigrum G O 42.1
    Ribes Sylvestre G R 32.0
    Ricinus communis G R 100.0
    Rosa rugosa G O 52.4
    Rosa rugosa G O 90.2
    Rosmarinus officinalis G O 100.0
    Rubus ideaus G O 34.8
    Rubus occidentalis G R 60.0
    Rubus occidentalis G O 65.3
    Rumex crispus G O 43.3
    Ruta graveolens G O 23.0
    Salvia officinalis G O 100.0
    Salvia officinalis G R 100.0
    Sambucus canadensis G O 80.6
    Sambucus ebulus G R 21.1
    Sambucus ebulus G O 36.8
    Sanguisorba officinalis G O 43.6
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G O 50.6
    Saponaria officinalis G O 85.6
    Satureja hortensis G R 36.8
    Satureja hortensis G O 68.4
    Senecio vulgaris G O 31.1
    Sesamum indicum G O 27.3
    Sium sisarum G O 20.8
    Sium sisarum G O 47.8
    Solanum melanocerasum G O 23.5
    Solanum melongens G O 28.6
    solanum melongens G R 41.2
    Solidago sp G O 72.1
    Sonchus oleraceus G O 95.1
    Stachys Affinis G O 38.1
    Origanum vulgare G O 100.0
    Oxalis Deppei G O 22.2
    Oxalis Deppei G S 44.6
    Oxyria digyna G O 21.3
    Panax quinquefolius G O 25.5
    Panax quinquefolius G O 38.3
    Panicum miliaceum G R 83.3
    Pennisetum alopecuroides G R 21.5
    Petasites japonicus G O 40.6
    Petroselinum crispum G O 100.0
    Peucedanum cervaria G O 42.9
    Phaseolus mungo G O 100.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris G O 54.8
    Phaseolus vulgaris G O 67.2
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G O 100.0
    Thymus serpyllum G O 100.0
    Thymus vulgaris G O 64.4
    Thymus x citriodorus G O 72.7
    Tiarella cordifolia G O 92.4
    Trifolium hybridum G O 29.5
    Trifolium pannonicum G O 54.7
    Trifolium pratense G O 92.9
    Trifolium repens G O 100.0
    Triticum spelta G R 37.3
    Triticum turgidum G O 59.5
    Typha latifolia G O 23.4
    Vaccinium corymbosum G O 26.5
    Vaccinum angustifolium G O 27.7
    Vaccinum macrocarpon G R 33.0
    Valeriana officinalis G R 27.6
    Valeriana officinalis G O 51.3
    Verbascum thapsus G O 21.3
    Vinca minor G O 28.6
    Vitis sp. G R 40.0
    Vitis sp. G O 42.6
    Zea mays G R 26.9
    Zea mays G R 100.0
    Perilla frutescens T O 96.0
    Perilla frutescens T R 100.0
    Abies lasiocarpa T O 25.6
    Agastache foeniculum T O 100.0
    Agropyron cristatum T O 20.2
    Agrostis alba T O 24.5
    Alchemilla mollis T O 33.3
    Alchemilla mollis T S 49.2
    Alchemilla mollis T O 66.2
    Allium ampeloprasum T O 100.0
    Allium ascalonicum T O 29.7
    Allium ascalonicum T R 38.7
    Allium cepa T R 100.0
    Allium tuberosum T R 100.0
    Alpinia officinarum T R 50.0
    Althaea officinalis T O 58.6
    Amaranthus candathus T R 22.9
    Amaranthus candatus T O 93.2
    Amaranthus caudathus T O 100.0
    Amaranthus gangeticus T O 57.1
    Amaranthus retroflexus T O 100.0
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia T O 86.9
    Stachys byzantina G O 28.6
    Stellaria graminea G O 39.3
    Stellaria media G O 21.3
    Symphytum officinale G R 37.8
    Symphytum officinale G S 43.1
    Symphytum officinale G O 92.6
    Symphytum officinale G O 100.0
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium G O 91.3
    Tanacetum parthenium G R 60.0
    Tanacetum parthenium G O 86.7
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 44.4
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 67.9
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 85.7
    taraxacum officinale G R 40.9
    taraxacum officinale G O 100.0
    Teucrium chamaedrys G R 33.3
    Teucrium chamaedrys G O 66.7
    Thymus fragantissimus G O 24.1
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G R 25.0
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G O 92.7
    Beta vulgaris T O 25.5
    Beta vulgaris T O 28.6
    Beta vulgaris T R 34.6
    Beta vulgaris T S 43.6
    Beta vulgaris T O 54.5
    Beta vulgaris T R 100.0
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima T R 100.0
    Brassica nigra T R 45.5
    Brassica oleracea T O 50.0
    Brassica oleracea T R 100.0
    Bromus inermis T O 30.9
    Calamagrostis arundiflora T O 85.6
    Calendula officinalis T O 23.7
    Campanula rapunculus T O 25.0
    Canna edulis T O 26.3
    Capsella bursa-pastoris T O 21.7
    Capsicum annum T O 46.1
    Capsicum annuum T R 20.5
    Capsicum annuum T O 23.3
    Capsicum annuum T R 41.0
    Capsicum frutescens T O 58.8
    Carthamus tinctorius T O 36.5
    Carum carvi T O 88.6
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T O 25.0
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T O 95.2
    Chelidonium majus T O 27.1
    Chelidonium majus T R 50.0
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus T O 60.0
    Chenopodium quinoa T R 31.5
    Chenopodium quinoa T O 50.0
    Chrysanthemum coronarium T R 65.5
    Chrysanthemum coronarium T O 100.0
    Cicer arietinum T R 27.3
    Cichorium endivia subsp endivia T R 27.3
    Cichorium endivia subsp endivia T O 97.3
    Cichorium intybus T O 100.0
    Cimicifuga racemosa T R 22.2
    Circium arvense T O 78.3
    Citrullus lanatus T R 26.7
    Citrullus lanatus T O 45.5
    Amelanchier alnifolia T O 50.5
    Anthemis nobilis T O 100.0
    Anthriscus cerefolium T O 100.0
    Aralia cordata T R 100.0
    Arctium minus T O 68.3
    Aronia melanocarpa T O 50.0
    Aronia prunifolia T O 44.7
    Arrhenatherum elatius T O 78.7
    Artemisia absinthium T O 58.4
    Artemisia dracunculus T R 28.6
    Artemisia dracunculus T O 86.3
    Artemisia Ludoviciana T O 48.8
    Artemisia vulgaris T O 50.0
    Artemisia vulgaris T O 82.8
    Asclepias incarnata T O 72.9
    Asparagus officinalis T O 69.8
    Aster sp T O 35.0
    Avena sativa T O 31.8
    Baptisia tinctoria T O 33.8
    Dioscorea batatas T S 41.5
    Dipsacus sativus T O 73.7
    Dirca palustris T O 88.5
    Eleusine coracana T S 49.2
    Elymus junceus T O 35.1
    Erigeron speciosus T O 67.8
    Fagopyrum esculentum T O 27.3
    Foeniculum vulgare T R 80.0
    Forsythia intermedia T O 50.9
    Forsythia x intermedia T O 57.9
    Fucus vesiculosus T O 83.7
    Fucus vesiculosus T R 100.0
    Galinsoga ciliata T O 56.7
    Galium aparine T O 60.5
    Galium odoratum T R 31.8
    Gaultheria hispidula T O 33.7
    Gaultheria procumbens T O 25.0
    Gentiana lutea T O 98.1
    Gentiana macrophylla T O 100.0
    Glechoma hederacea T O 62.6
    Glycine max T O 26.2
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T R 50.0
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T S 51.3
    Guizotia abyssinica T O 39.3
    Guizotia abyssinica T R 100.0
    Hedeoma pulegioides T O 100.0
    Helianthus annus T O 75.8
    Helianthus strumosus T R 55.6
    Helianthus tuberosus T O 22.1
    Helichrysum angustifolium T O 96.1
    Helichrysum thianschanicum T O 70.5
    Heliotropium arborescens T O 83.2
    Helleborus niger T O 24.1
    Herba Schizonepetae T O 60.5
    Hibiscus cannabinus T S 52.6
    Hordeum vulgare T O 77.8
    Hydrastis canadensis T O 64.9
    Hypericum henryi T O 100.0
    Hypericum perforatum T R 31.0
    Hyssopus officinalis T O 100.0
    Inula helenium T O 100.0
    Citrullus lanatus T O 62.7
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi T O 77.3
    Coriandrum sativum T O 90.0
    Comus canadensis T O 29.3
    Cucumis anguria T R 50.0
    Cucumis anguria T O 70.1
    Cucumis melo T R 20.5
    Cucumis melo T O 51.0
    Cucumis sativus T O 23.4
    Cucurbita maxima T O 50.0
    Cucurbita moschata T O 84.9
    Cucurbita pepo T R 20.5
    Cucurbita pepo T O 39.2
    Cucurbita pepo T S 53.8
    Curcuma zedoaria T O 24.6
    Cymbopogon citratus T O 100.0
    Cynara scolymus T R 33.3
    Dactilis Glomerata T O 20.2
    Datura metel T O 37.8
    Datura stramonium T R 50.0
    Daucus carota T R 21.1
    Daucus carota T O 30.3
    Daucus carota T O 49.3
    Daucus carota T S 52.3
    Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium T R 100.0
    Malus hupehensis T R 100.0
    Malva sylvestris T O 100.0
    Matricaria spp. T O 100.0
    Medicago sativa T O 27.7
    Melissa officinalis T O 100.0
    Menyanthes trifoliata T O 44.9
    Menyanthes trifoliata T R 50.0
    Miscanthus sinensis T R 23.5
    Miscanthus sinensis T O 24.6
    Nepeta cataria T O 78.9
    Ocimum Basilicum T R 35.7
    Ocimum Basilicum T O 100.0
    Oenothera biennis T R 100.0
    Origanum vulgare T O 94.7
    Origanum vulgare T R 100.0
    Oxalis Deppei T O 21.1
    oxyria digyna T O 24.6
    Panax quinquefolius T O 39.4
    Panicum miliaceum T R 20.8
    Pastinaca sativa T O 21.3
    Pastinaca sativa T R 25.0
    Pastinaca sativa T R 25.0
    Pastinaca sativa T O 79.4
    Pastinaca sativa T O 100.0
    Petasites Japonicus T O 29.0
    Petroselinum crispum T R 40.0
    Peucedanum oreaselinum T S 55.1
    Pfaffia paniculata T R 100.0
    Phaseolus mungo T O 70.2
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 71.4
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 100.0
    Phaseolus vulgaris T R 100.0
    Physalis ixocarpa T O 25.5
    Pimpinella anisum T R 100.0
    Ipomoea batatas T O 91.5
    Iris versicolor T O 35.9
    Juniperus communis T O 83.8
    Krameria Triandra T O 25.6
    Lactuca sativa T O 100.0
    Lathyrus Sativus T R 27.3
    Lathyrus Sativus T O 33.3
    Lathyrus sylvestris T O 20.3
    Lathyrus sylvestris T R 100.0
    Laurus nobilis T R 23.8
    Laurus nobilis T O 26.0
    Lavandula latifolia T R 100.0
    Lavandula latifolia T O 100.0
    Lens culinaris subsp culinaris T O 21.3
    Leonoras cardiaca T O 57.9
    Lepidium sativum T O 31.6
    Levisticum officinale T O 90.5
    Levisticum officinale T R 100.0
    Linum usitatissimum T O 23.8
    Lonicera syringantha T O 79.5
    Lotus corniculatus T R 46.7
    Lupinus polyphyllus lindl. T O 35.6
    Lycopersicon esculentum T R 60.0
    Rumex scutatus T O 23.0
    Ruta graveolens T O 62.1
    Saccharum officinarum T O 27.0
    Salvia officinalis T O 92.0
    Salvia officinalis T O 93.3
    Sambucus canadensis T O 42.9
    Sanguisorba officinalis T O 68.6
    Santolina chamaecyparissus T O 66.7
    Saponaria officinalis T O 36.6
    Saponaria officinalis T O 84.7
    Satureja montana T O 80.5
    Satureja repandra T O 47.1
    Senecio vulgaris T O 44.3
    Setaria italica T O 27.9
    Silybum marianum T O 31.0
    Sium sisarum T O 24.8
    Sium sisarum T R 25.5
    Solanum dulcamara T R 21.4
    Solanum melongena T R 25.8
    Solanum melongena T O 34.9
    Solanum tuberosum T O 38.1
    Solidago canadensis T O 100.0
    Solidago sp T O 73.8
    Sonchus oleraceus T O 100.0
    Sorghum durra T O 23.8
    Spinacia oleracea T R 29.3
    Stachys affinis T R 23.6
    Stachys affinis T O 23.9
    Stachys affinis T O 50.0
    Stachys byzantina T O 41.6
    Stellaria graminea T O 62.3
    Stipa capillata T O 27.1
    Symphytum officinale T R 28.9
    Symphytum officinale T O 87.7
    Symphytum officinale T O 97.8
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium T O 82.7
    Pimpinella anisum T O 100.0
    Pisum sativum T O 37.5
    Plantago major T O 100.0
    Plectranthus sp. T O 36.0
    Plectranthus sp. T R 80.0
    Poa pratensis T O 38.3
    Populus X petrowskyana T O 25.5
    Prunella vulgaris T O 23.3
    Prunella vulgaris T O 88.1
    Raphanus raphanistrum T O 73.7
    Raphanus raphanistrum T R 100.0
    Raphanus sativus T S 60.3
    Raphanus sativus T R 100.0
    Reseda luteola T O 100.0
    Rheum officinale T O 36.8
    Ribes sativum T O 20.4
    Ribes Sylvestre T R 44.3
    Ricinus communis T R 100.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis T R 60.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis T O 100.0
    Rubus canadensis T R 32.0
    Rubus canadensis T O 34.7
    Rubus idaeus T O 93.5
    Rubus ideaus T R 100.0
    Rubus occidentalis T O 38.6
    Rubus occidentalis T S 52.3
    Rubus occidentalis T R 100.0
    Rumex acetosella T O 26.3
    Rumex crispus T O 30.0
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 100.0
    Vaccinium corymbosum T O 21.4
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T R 80.0
    Valeriana officinalis T O 43.6
    Vicia sativa T S 43.1
    Vitiis sp. T O 26.7
    Vitiis sp. T R 93.3
    Zea mays T R 21.2
    Zea mays T R 100.0
    Tanacetum parthenium T O 94.7
    Tanacetum vulgare T R 28.9
    Tanacetum vulgare T S 47.7
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 75.6
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 95.2
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 100.0
    Taraxacum officinale T O 95.3
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus T R 24.4
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus T O 60.0
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus T O 90.0
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T O 83.9
    Thymus serpylium T O 100.0
    Tiarella cordifolia T O 93.3
    Tragopogon porrifolius T O 34.4
    Tragopogon porrifolius T O 58.0
    Trichosanthes kirilowii T R 25.3
    Trifolium pannonicum T O 61.1
    Trifolium pratense T O 92.9
    Trifolium repens T O 100.0
    Triticum aestivum T O 29.5
    Triticum durum T O 100.0
    Triticum turgidum T O 29.7
    Ulmus americana T O 76.9
    Ulmus americana T O 81.0
    Urtica dioica T R 40.9
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 26.3
    Vaccinium angustifolium T O 28.3
    Vaccinium angustifolium T O 47.6
  • [0151]
    TABLE 7
    Cath G
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Achillea millefolium A V 40.1
    Achillea millefolium A O 29.5
    Acorus calamus A R 68.6
    Adiantum pedatum A R 29.7
    Agastache foeniculum A O 36.8
    Agastache foeniculum A S 22.4
    Agropyron rupens A S 24.5
    Alchemilla mollis A W 100.0
    Alchemilla mollis A S 81.1
    Alchemilla mollis A O 51.5
    Alchemilla mollis A S 78.6
    Alchemilla mollis A O 82.9
    Alchemilla mollis A S 35.6
    Alkanna tinctoria A O 51.6
    Alkanna tinctoria A R 100.0
    Allium Tuberosum A S 20.6
    Althaea officinalis A R 21.6
    Althaea officinalis A S 39.6
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia linné A O 47.6
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia linné A R 38.2
    Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. A W 29.7
    Angelica archangelica A S 68.1
    Anthemis tinctoria A O 26.0
    Anthemis tinctoria A V 28.4
    Anthemis tinctorium A O 46.9
    Arachis hypogaea A V 84.5
    Aralia nudicaulis A S 61.9
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A O 25.0
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A R 100.0
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A S 38.4
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. A O 24.4
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. A R 27.3
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. A W 47.8
    Artemisia dracunculus sativa A W 32.2
    Artemisis Ludoviciana A O 88.8
    Aster sp ? A O 47.2
    Aster sp ? A R 100.0
    Beta vulgaris A R 23.9
    Brassica napus A R 22.3
    Brassica napus A S 22.8
    Brassica nigra A S 47.2
    Brassica rapa A S 46.0
    Capsella bursa-pastoris (linné) médicus A R 43.4
    Chaerophyllum bulbosom A V 90.7
    Chaerophyllum bulbosom A W 57.4
    chenopodium bonus-heniricus A R 23.7
    Chichorium endivia A O 53.0
    Chrysanthemum leucanthemum linné A O 55.5
    Cicer arietinum A R 26.2
    Cichorium intybus A O 100.0
    Cichorium intybus A V 83.6
    Cichorium intybus A O 51.0
    Crataegus sp ? A O 100.0
    Crataegus sp ? A R 81.6
    Cymbopogan citratus A S 33.9
    Datisca cannabina A S 20.2
    Daucus carota A O 62.0
    Daucus carota A W 99.4
    Echinacea purpurea A W 100.0
    Filipendula rubra A O 20.2
    Filipendula rubra A S 77.6
    Foeniculum vulgare A R 23.3
    Fragaria x ananassa A O 32.3
    Fragaria x ananassa A W 100.0
    Fragaria x ananassa A S 100.0
    Fragaria Xananassa A S 100.0
    Frangoria x ananassa A W 100.0
    Frangoria x ananassa A V 100.0
    Galinsoga ciliata (Rofiresque) A R 21.2
    Blake
    Gaultheria hispidula (L) Muhl. A R 85.3
    Gaultheria hispidula (L) Muhl. A R 100.0
    Gaultheria procumbens A W 56.1
    Glycine Max A S 36.0
    Glycine max A S 38.7
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A W 46.2
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A S 35.5
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A R 100.0
    Hamamelis virginiana A R 100.0
    Helianthus tuberosus A W 22.6
    Helichrysum angustifolium A V 82.6
    Heliotropium arborescens A O 57.3
    Heliotropium arborescens A R 57.2
    Hordeum vulgare A O 34.3
    Hypericum henryi A O 30.4
    Hypericum perforatum A R 100.0
    Inula helenium A S 64.0
    Isatis tinctoria A O 94.0
    Laurus nobilis A S 49.9
    Lavendula latifolia A W 100.0
    Lavendula latifolia A V 48.7
    Leonorus cardiaca A R 100.0
    Levisecum officinale A V 46.8
    Lolium multiflorum A O 34.1
    Melissa officinalis A O 54.1
    Melissa officinalis A W 100.0
    Melissa officinalis A V 80.7
    Melissa officinalis A O 100.0
    Mentha pulegium A O 29.1
    Mentha spicata A V 47.0
    Nepeta cataria A V 57.6
    Ocrothera biennis A S 33.1
    Oenothera biennis linné A O 47.4
    Oenothera biennis linné A R 100.0
    Origanum majorana A S 34.6
    Origanum vulgare A V 65.9
    Origanum vulgare A W 48.2
    Origanum vulgare A V 70.0
    Origanum vulgare A W 62.9
    Origanum vulgare A O 68.4
    Origanum vulgare A V 81.9
    Origanum vulgare A W 61.3
    Origanum vulgare A S 21.7
    Oxyria digyna A V 40.1
    Perilla frutescens A V 65.0
    Perilla frutescens A W 51.9
    Peucedanum cervaria A R 28.3
    Dirca palustris A R 24.9
    Dirca palustris A S 47.0
    Dryopteris filix-mas A O 24.1
    Dryopteris filix-mas A R 95.7
    Echinacea purpurea A V 80.7
    Phytolacca americana A S 27.8
    Plantago coronopus A O 22.7
    Polygonum aviculare linné A R 76.0
    Poterium sanguisorba A O 20.1
    Poterium sanguisorba A R 93.1
    Poterium sanguisorba A V 47.7
    Poterium sanguisorba A S 36.1
    Pteridium aquilinum A O 25.7
    Pteridium aquilinum A R 100.0
    Ribes nidigrolaria A W 51.8
    Ribes Nigrum A W 100.0
    Ribes nigrum A S 33.6
    Ribes nigrum L A W 58.8
    Ribes nigrum L A O 21.5
    Ribes Salivum A R 21.4
    Ricinus communis A R 100.0
    Rosa rugosa thunb. A W 20.1
    Rosa rugosa thunb. A W 100.0
    Rosa rugosa thunb. A R 100.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis A O 100.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis A R 64.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis A W 55.6
    Rosmarinus officinalis A V 76.7
    Rubus allegheniensis A S 32.1
    Rubus canadensis A W 94.5
    Rubus canadensis A S 64.2
    Rubus idaeus A S 86.0
    Rubus idaeus A O 29.5
    Rubus idaeus A W 38.7
    Rubus idaeus A S 41.0
    Rubus idaeus A W 100.0
    Rubus idaeus L A V 30.2
    Rubus idaeus L A W 29.4
    Rubus idaeus L A S 100.0
    Rubus ideaus A R 100.0
    Rubus ideaus A S 67.1
    Rubus occidentalis A S 100.0
    Rumex crispus linné A R 100.0
    Salvia elegens A W 69.7
    Salvia officinalis A W 100.0
    Salvia officinalis A V 58.0
    Salvia officinalis A O 100.0
    Salvia officinalis A R 39.9
    Salvia officinalis A V 45.7
    Salvia officinalis A W 65.4
    Salvia sclarea A W 29.1
    Santolina A W 65.5
    Satureja montana A V 72.2
    Satureja montana A W 100.0
    Satureja montana A O 90.5
    Satureja montana A V 28.9
    Scuttellaria lateriflora A S 23.7
    Sonchus oleraceus L. A O 25.9
    Peucedanum cervaria A R 45.1
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A S 38.4
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A S 26.3
    Tanacetum vulgare “Goldsticks” A V 51.9
    Taraxacum officinale A W 28.5
    Taraxacum officinale A V 82.3
    Thymus praecox subsp arctitus A O 43.4
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus A V 29.7
    Thymus serpyllum A O 100.0
    Thymus serpyllum A W 73.6
    Thymus serpyllum A V 74.9
    Thymus vulgaris A O 35.6
    Thymus vulgaris A R 66.6
    Thymus vulgaris “Argenteus” A V 73.9
    Triticum turgidum ?? A O 21.6
    Vaccinum augustifolium A S 26.1
    Vaccinum Corymbosum A W 95.7
    Vaccinum macrocarpon A W 46.1
    Valerianella locusta A S 96.0
    Veronica officinalis A S 26.4
    Viburnum trilobum Marsh. A W 25.0
    Vicia sativa A O 28.2
    Vicia villosa A O 34.5
    Vitia sp. A W 26.0
    Vitia sp. A S 41.6
    Vitia sp. A W 100.0
    Vitia sp. A S 30.8
    Vitia sp. A O 22.3
    Vitia sp. A S 28.5
    Zea Mays A S 32.3
    Zea Mays A S 34.5
    Achillea millefolium G W 30.6
    Achillea millefolium G V 71.1
    Aconitum napellus G R 100.0
    Acorus calamus G R 27.8
    Adiantum pedatum G R 100.0
    Agastache toeniculum “Snow Pike” G V 46.9
    Agastache toeniculum “Snow Pike” G W 71.5
    Alchemilla mollis G W 100.0
    Alchemilla mollis G O 52.6
    Alchemilla mollis G S 80.7
    Alchemilla mollis G O 33.4
    Alchemilla mollis G S 38.7
    althaea officinalis G R 27.5
    althaea officinalis G S 36.9
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia linné G O 48.4
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia linné G R 36.0
    Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. G W 46.5
    Angelica archangelica G S 39.1
    Arachis hypogaea G V 81.8
    Aralia nudicaulis G S 44.9
    Arctium minus (Hill) Bernhardi G O 35.6
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G S 59.9
    Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. G W 28.4
    Artemisia Ludoviciana G O 66.0
    Aster sp ? G O 51.8
    Aster sp ? G R 100.0
    Beta vulgaris G R 26.5
    Sorghum dochna bicolor A O 25.6
    Sorghum durra (Stapif) A O 46.9
    Symphytum officinale A O 99.4
    Symphytum officinale A O 97.8
    Tanacetum cinerarifolium A W 28.2
    Tanacetum parthenium A W 34.8
    Tanacetum vulgare A W 80.0
    Tanacetum vulgare A V 53.8
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 35.9
    Tanacetum vulgare A R 68.8
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum G W 26.5
    Chichorium endivia G S 25.2
    Chrysanthemum leucanthemum linné G O 44.2
    Cicer arietinum G R 26.1
    Cichorium endivia G O 23.7
    Cichorium intybus G O 100.0
    Cichorium intybus G V 79.2
    Cichorium intybus G O 82.5
    Crataegus sp ? G W 27.9
    Cynara scolymus G O 66.3
    Dirca palustris G R 28.8
    Dirca palustris G S 85.2
    Dryopteris filix-mas G R 100.0
    Echinacea purpurea G V 84.2
    Echinacea purpurea G O 83.2
    Erigeron speciosus (Lndl.) D.C. G O 46.1
    Fagopyrum esculentum G O 27.5
    Filipendula rubra G S 59.6
    Galinsoga ciliata (Rofiresque) G R 20.5
    Blake
    Galium odoratum G R 56.8
    Gaultheria hispidula (L) Muhl G O 100.0
    Glycine max G O 22.8
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G S 28.4
    Hamamelis virginiana G O 33.8
    Hamamelis virginiana G R 100.0
    Helianthus annus G R 26.5
    Helianthus strumosus G O 21.2
    Helianthus tuberosus L. G W 48.4
    Helichrysum angustifolium G W 38.1
    Helichrysum angustifolium G V 83.8
    Helichrysum thianschanicum Regel G O 61.3
    Heliotropium arborescens G O 56.2
    Heliotropium arborescens G R 54.9
    Humulus lupulus G V 70.5
    Humulus lupulus G S 43.0
    Hypericum henryi G O 31.0
    Hypericum perforatum G R 100.0
    Inula helenium G W 85.3
    Inula helenium G V 74.7
    Inula helenium G S 37.4
    Ipomea batatas G O 39.0
    Isatis tinctoria G O 100.0
    Laportea canadensis G O 26.9
    Laurus nobilis G W 51.5
    Laurus nobilis G S 100.0
    Lavendula angustifolia G V 44.4
    Lavendula latifolia G V 44.8
    Ledum groenlandicum G S 100.0
    Brassica napus G R 32.9
    Brassica napus G S 33.5
    Brassica oleracea G S 100.0
    Calamintha nepeta G V 51.5
    Calendula officinalis L G O 26.7
    Canna edulis G O 20.6
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum G O 37.0
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum G V 88.6
    N G R 34.8
    Nepeta cataria G V 38.4
    Ocimum basilicum G W 20.4
    Ocimum basilicum G O 89.9
    Ocimum basilicum G V 31.3
    Ocimum basilicum G W 82.3
    Oenothera biennis linné G O 62.8
    Oenothera biennis linné G R 100.0
    Oenothera biennis linné G R 100.0
    Oenothera biennis linné G S 100.0
    Origanum vulgare G V 67.1
    Origanum vulgare G V 65.5
    Origanum vulgare G W 58.1
    Origanum vulgare G V 70.5
    Origanum vulgare G W 34.5
    Origanum vulgare G V 60.1
    Origanum vulgare G O 100.0
    Origanum vulgare G S 28.5
    Origanum vulgare G O 83.7
    Origanum vulgare G S 22.1
    Oxyria digyna G V 57.7
    Perilla frutescens G V 75.8
    Peucedanum cervaria G R 37.5
    Peucedanum cervaria G R 25.3
    Plantago major G O 31.7
    Plectranthus sp. G V 28.5
    Portulaca oleracera linné G O 37.8
    Potentilla anserina G S 21.1
    Poterium sanguisorba G V 72.1
    Poterium sanguisorba G S 65.9
    Poterium sanquisorba G O 63.6
    Poterium sanquisorba G W 28.7
    Prunella vulgaris G O 40.7
    Pteridium aquilinum G O 25.7
    Pteridium aquilinum G R 100.0
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G R 42.7
    Ribes nidigrolaria G W 45.9
    Ribes nigrum G W 35.9
    Ribes Silvestris G W 34.9
    Ribes Uva-crispa G S 30.5
    Ricinus communis G R 95.0
    Ricinus communis G S 48.3
    Rosa rugosa thunb. G W 40.3
    Rosa rugosa thunb. G S 97.8
    Rosmarinus officinalis G O 100.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis G R 54.1
    Rosmarinus officinalis G W 77.7
    Rosmarinus officinalis G V 72.2
    Rubus canadensis G S 25.3
    Rubus idaeus L G W 31.1
    Levistecum officinale G W 39.6
    Matricaria recutita G O 100.0
    Melissa officinalis G W 98.0
    Melissa officinalis G V 76.3
    Melissa officinalis G R 36.6
    Melissa officinalis G O 80.6
    Mentha arvensis G O 83.5
    Mentha piperita G O 79.0
    Mentha piperita vulgaris G V 45.9
    Mentha pulegium G O 47.0
    Mentha spicata G V 73.9
    Mentha spicata G O 81.3
    Mentha spicata G O 93.0
    Monarda didyma G S 35.8
    N G R 100.0
    Salvia officinalis G V 52.5
    Salvia officinalis G O 100.0
    Salvia officinalis G R 38.8
    Salvia officinalis G V 49.5
    Salvia officinalis G W 95.3
    Salvia officinalis G W 41.3
    Salvia sclarea G W 31.1
    Sarriette commune G O 59.7
    Sarriette vivace G O 72.3
    Sarriette vivace G S 26.0
    Satureja montana G V 78.5
    Satureja montana G W 100.0
    Solanum tuberosum G O 35.8
    Sonchus oleraceus L G O 41.0
    Sorghum dochna G S 100.0
    Sorghum sudanense G O 32.6
    Sorghum sudanense G W 39.7
    Symphytum officinale G V 79.4
    Symphytum officinale G O 74.6
    Tanacetum parthenium G V 23.1
    Tanacetum parthenium G W 24.3
    Tanacetum vulgare G W 20.8
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 32.0
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 58.5
    Tanacetum vulgare G V 44.8
    “Goldsticks”
    Taraxacum officinale G V 58.2
    Thymus fragantissumus G R 39.9
    Thymus herba-barona G W 26.6
    Thymus herba-barona G V 35.7
    Thymus praecox subsp arctitus G O 78.0
    Thymus serpyllum G V 47.4
    Thymus serpyllum G O 100.0
    Thymus serpyllum G W 22.6
    Thymus serpyllum G V 70.2
    Thymus vulgaris G O 40.8
    Thymus vulgaris G W 37.3
    Thymus vulgaris “Argenteus” G V 87.7
    Thymus x citriodorus G W 27.2
    Vaccinum angustifolium G S 41.7
    Vaccinum macrocarpon G W 63.5
    Viburnum trilobum Marsh. G R 67.7
    Viburnum trilobum Marsh. G W 23.6
    Vicia sativa G O 38.5
    Rubus ideaus G S 100.0
    Rubus ideaus G R 37.6
    Rubus ideaus G O 34.8
    Rubus occidentalis G S 93.3
    Rubus occidentalis G O 22.7
    Rubus occidentalis G S 21.6
    Rumex crispus linné G R 100.0
    Rumex crispus linné G R 100.0
    Salvia elegens G V 41.3
    Salvia elegens G W 62.9
    Salvia officinalis G R 43.3
    Salvia officinalis G O 55.1
    Salvia officinalis G W 100.0
    Alchemilla mollis T S 98.8
    Alchemilla mollis T O 24.3
    Alchemilla mollis T S 83.7
    Alchemilla mollis T O 80.0
    Althaea officianalis T S 34.1
    Althaea officinalis T S 34.3
    Althaea officinalis T S 30.8
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia linné T O 61.6
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia linné T R 52.1
    Amelanchier sanguinea x A. T S 38.6
    laevis
    angelica archangelica T S 54.8
    Anthemis tinctorium T O 67.7
    Arachis hypogaea T V 85.1
    Aralia nudicaulis T S 74.2
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T R 98.8
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T S 82.4
    Aronia prunifolia T W 27.3
    Artemisia draculus T S 20.2
    Artemisia dracunlus T S 37.2
    Artemisia Ludoviciana T O 54.8
    Aster sp ? T O 43.4
    Aster sp ? T R 99.9
    Ayperus esculentus T W 46.9
    Beta vulgaris T R 81.4
    Beta vulgaris T O 30.6
    Betula glandulosa T W 58.2
    Borago officinalis T O 20.2
    Brassica juncea T R 56.6
    Brassica napus T R 34.1
    Brassica nigra T S 32.3
    Brassica rapa T R 21.4
    Calamintha nepeta T V 71.4
    Calamintha nepeta T W 30.3
    Canna edulis T O 31.9
    Canneberge T R 66.3
    Capsella bursa-pastoris (linné)medicus T R 37.1
    Carya cordiformis T W 100.0
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T V 86.0
    Chrysanthemum leucanthemum linné T O 45.4
    Cichorium intybus T V 74.8
    Cichorium intybus T W 23.8
    Cichorium intybus T O 38.9
    Cimicifuga racemosa T W 65.1
    Citrullus colocynthus T S 50.2
    Citrus limettoides T O 45.1
    Vicia villosa G O 25.2
    Vitia sp. G S 24.8
    Vitia sp. G W 100.0
    Vitia sp. G R 100.0
    Vitia sp. G S 20.8
    Zea mays G O 53.7
    Perilla frutescens T O 100.0
    Perilla frutescens T W 61.7
    Perilla frutescens T V 75.6
    Achillea millefolium T W 41.8
    Achillea millefolium T V 31.5
    Acorus calamus T R 68.4
    Acorus calamus T S 39.2
    Adiantum pedatum T R 100.0
    Agastache foeniculum T O 78.0
    Agastache foeniculum “Snow Pike” T W 34.5
    Agastache foeniculum “Snow Pike” T V 54.3
    Agrimonia eupatoria T W 100.0
    Alchemilla mollis T V 37.1
    Alchemilla mollis T W 100.0
    Echinacea purpurea T W 95.8
    Echinacea purpurea T O 53.7
    Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) D.C. T O 96.2
    Fragaria T O 42.7
    Fragaria x ananassa T S 100.0
    Fragaria x ananassa T S 100.0
    Fruit de la passion T O 30.2
    Fucus vesiculosis T O 93.3
    Galinsoga ciliata (Rofiresque) T R 33.0
    Blake.
    Galium odoratum T R 27.0
    Gaultheria hispidula (L) Muhl T W 100.0
    Gaultheria procumbens T W 30.0
    Gaultheria procumbens T S 100.0
    Glycine max Envy T O 20.1
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T W 47.9
    Guizotia abyssinica T R 74.1
    Guizotia abyssinica T S 22.7
    Hamamelis virginiana T O 100.0
    Hamamelis virginiana T R 100.0
    Helenium hoopesii T O 21.7
    Helenium hoopesii T S 24.6
    Helianthus annus T O 21.0
    Helianthus strumosus T O 85.6
    Helianthus tuberosa T V 64.5
    Helianthus tuberosa T W 100.0
    Helichrysum angustifolium T O 100.0
    Helichrysum angustifolium T W 87.0
    Helichrysum angustifolium T V 84.4
    Helichrysum angustifolium T S 92.3
    Helichrysum thianschanicum Regel T O 59.5
    Heliotropium arborescens T O 85.1
    Hibiscus cannabinus T O 25.0
    Humulus lupulus T S 21.4
    Humulus lupulus T S 21.5
    Humulus lupulus T R 88.4
    Humulus lupulus T S 22.5
    Hypericum perforatum T R 100.0
    Inula helenium T V 97.1
    Citrus limettoides T V 28.9
    Citrus limon T O 25.9
    Citrus limon T V 43.3
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi T O 22.1
    Coriandrum sativum T W 62.0
    Crataegus sp ? T R 44.0
    Crataegus submollis T S 40.7
    Crataegus submollis T S 29.3
    Curcuma longa syn. C. domestica T O 22.2
    Cynara scolymus T R 42.2
    Dioscorea batatas T O 29.1
    Dioscorea batatas T O 28.9
    Diospiros Kaki T V 57.8
    Dirca palustris T S 39.2
    Dolichus lablab T R 42.9
    Dryopteris filix-mas T O 24.9
    Dryopteris filix-mas T R 100.0
    Echinacea purpurea T V 78.9
    Melissa officinalis T V 36.0
    Melissa officinalis T W 35.8
    Melissa officinalis T O 100.0
    Melissa officinalis T R 30.3
    mentha arvensis T R 67.2
    Mentha piperita T S 20.8
    Mentha piperita T O 100.0
    Mentha piperita T S 26.9
    Mentha piperita T O 97.8
    Mentha piperita vulgaris T W 20.2
    Mentha piperita vulgaris T V 42.5
    Mentha pulegium T O 100.0
    Mentha spicata T W 51.6
    Mentha spicata T V 81.8
    Mentha spicata T O 100.0
    Mentha spicata T O 100.0
    Mentha spicata T S 23.2
    Nepeta cataria T V 62.8
    Ocimum Basilicum T V 41.1
    Ocimum Basilicum T W 40.0
    Ocimum Basilicum T O 28.4
    Oenothera biennis linné T O 67.3
    Oenothera biennis linné T R 100.0
    Onobrychis viciafolia T O 34.0
    Origanum marjonara T O 29.5
    Origanum vulgare T V 55.5
    Origanum vulgare T W 67.7
    Origanum vulgare T W 46.4
    Origanum vulgare T V 68.6
    Origanum vulgare T W 99.9
    Origanum vulgare T V 42.0
    Origanum Vulgare T V 28.8
    Origanum Vulgare T W 46.7
    Origanum vulgare T O 100.0
    Origanum vulgare T W 51.7
    Origanum vulgare T S 30.8
    Origanum vulgare T O 25.4
    Origanum vulgare T S 38.2
    oxyria digyna T V 23.1
    Pastinaca sativa T O 33.1
    Inula helenium T W 69.0
    Inula helenium T S 29.3
    Ipomea batalas T O 27.0
    Iris versicolor T R 22.9
    Juniperus communis T R 100.0
    Krameria Triandra T O 52.6
    Lathyrus sylvestris T R 32.5
    Laurus nobilis T S 100.0
    Lavendula angustifolia T V 74.8
    Lavendula angustifolia T W 70.2
    Lavendula latifolia T W 85.6
    Lavendula latifolia T V 63.3
    Lavendula latifolia T O 20.2
    Ledum groenlandicum T R 100.0
    Ledum groenlandicum T S 94.1
    Lepidium sativum T O 20.5
    Litchi chinensis T S 100.0
    Lolium multiflorum T O 22.7
    Lonicera ramosissima T S 30.9
    Lotus corniculatus T R 60.2
    Malus T V 23.1
    Malva moschata T S 31.4
    Melissa officinalis T V 81.4
    Melissa officinalis T W 87.5
    Melissa officinalis T O 100.0
    Radix Rehmannia T O 23.9
    Raphanus raphanistrum T R 36.5
    Raphanus raphanistrum T R 30.5
    Rhamnus frangula T R 100.0
    Rheum palmatum T W 100.0
    Rianus communis T R 100.0
    Rianus communis T S 100.0
    Rianus communis T S 68.2
    Ribes Grossularia L T W 61.1
    Ribes nidigrolaria T W 32.1
    Ribes nigrum T O 90.2
    Ribes nigrum T S 20.3
    Ribes nigrum L T W 21.1
    Ribes nigrum L T W 51.6
    Ribes sativam syme T W 20.9
    Ribes uva-crispa T S 41.8
    Rosa rugosa T S 100.0
    Rosa rugosa thumb. T W 94.1
    Rosmarinum officinalis T O 100.0
    Rosmarinum officinalis T R 40.0
    Rosmarinum officinalis T V 76.9
    Rubus canadensis T S 31.3
    Rubus canadensis T V 22.8
    Rubus canadensis T W 100.0
    Rubus idaeus T V 25.0
    Rubus idaeus L T S 100.0
    Rubus ideaus T S 46.1
    Rubus ideaus T R 32.0
    Rubus ideaus T O 28.5
    Rubus occidentalis T R 100.0
    Rubus occidentalis T O 23.5
    Rumes scutatus T O 27.1
    Rumex acetosella linné T O 23.0
    Pastinaca sativa T R 22.2
    Petroselinum crispum Nyman ex. T W 24.8
    A. W Hill
    Peucedanum cervaria T R 53.0
    Peucedanum cervaria T R 35.9
    Pfaffia paniculata T O 85.9
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 35.7
    Phytolacca americana T S 28.6
    Phytolacca decandra syn. T O 31.6
    P. americana
    Plectranthus sp. T V 66.0
    Polygonium chinense T S 33.2
    Polygonum aviculare linné T R 100.0
    Populus X petrowskyana T O 25.4
    Potentilla anserina T S 55.8
    Poterium sanguisorba T W 100.0
    Poterium sanguisorba T V 82.3
    Prunella vulgaris T O 52.6
    Psoralea corylifolia T O 21.3
    Psoralea corylifolia T S 26.0
    Psoralea corylifolia T S 27.4
    Pteridium aquilinum T R 100.0
    Punica granatum T V 21.3
    Punica granatum T W 77.1
    Punica granatum T S 43.9
    Satureja repandra T R 35.8
    Satureja repandra T W 100.0
    Satureja repandra T V 75.0
    Solanum Tuberosum T O 30.9
    Solidago canadensis T R 91.8
    Sonchus oleraceus L. T O 45.9
    Sorghum dochna Snowdrew T O 31.5
    Sorghum sudanense T O 33.6
    Stipa capillata L T O 33.0
    Symphytum officinale T O 94.1
    Symphytum officinale T O 42.8
    Tanacetum parthenium T W 40.1
    Tanacetum parthenium T V 33.6
    Tanacetum vulgare T V 36.5
    Tanacetum vulgare T W 51.2
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 95.6
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 38.4
    Tanacetum vulgare T R 27.4
    Tanacetum vulgare T V 37.9
    “Goldsticks”
    Taraxacum officinale T V 57.8
    Thymus fragantissumus T R 34.0
    Thymus fragantissumus T W 72.7
    Thymus fragantissumus T V 71.0
    Thymus praecox subsp arctitus T O 59.2
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T O 85.7
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T W 20.9
    Thymus serpyllum T O 94.8
    Thymus serpyllum T W 38.4
    Thymus vulgaris T O 100.0
    Thymus vulgaris “Argenteus” T V 80.4
    Thymus X citriodorus T O 100.0
    Tiarella cordifolia T R 100.0
    Trichosanthes kirilowii T O 100.0
    Triticale sp. T O 24.4
    Tropaeolum majus T O 20.6
    Rumex crispus linné T R 100.0
    Rumex crispus linné T R 100.0
    Salvia (elegens) T O 100.0
    Salvia elegens T W 63.5
    Salvia officinalis T O 34.0
    Salvia officinalis T R 41.7
    Salvia officinalis T V 64.3
    Salvia officinalis T W 100.0
    Salvia officinalis T R 38.8
    Salvia officinalis T O 73.4
    Salvia officinalis T W 95.3
    Salvia officinalis T V 56.8
    Salvia officinalis T W 25.1
    Salvia sclarea T W 28.6
    Sambucus canadensis T S 40.1
    Sambucus canadensis L T O 50.2
    Sambucus caradensis T S 29.7
    Sanguisorba minor T V 32.0
    Sanguisorba minor T W 59.5
    Sanguisorba minor T S 58.5
    Sanguisorba minor T S 68.5
    Satureja hortensis T O 66.5
    Satureja hortensis T S 20.1
    Satureja montana T O 43.3
    Satureja montana T R 36.7
    Satureja montana T W 100.0
    Satureja montana T V 81.1
    Satureja montana T S 40.6
    Satureja montana T V 54.0
    Satureja montana T O 90.1
    Ulmus americana T O 43.7
    Urtica dioica T R 28.9
    Vaccinium angustifolium T S 43.2
    Vaccinium angustifolium T S 42.4
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T W 59.2
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T S 27.2
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T S 21.6
    Vaccinum macrocarpon T V 62.6
    Veronica officinalis T S 52.6
    Viburnum trilobum Marsh. T R 100.0
    Vicia villosa T O 36.6
    Vitia sp. T W 58.9
    Vitis sp T S 24.7
    Vitis sp. T S 22.8
    Vitis sp. T S 21.7
    Zea mays T S 20.5
  • [0152]
    TABLE 8
    Cath L
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Actinidia arguta A R 63.3
    Actinidia arguta A O 46.3
    Achillea millefolium A O 32.4
    Achillea millefolium A R 26.3
    Aconitum napellus A O 30.0
    Acorus calamus A R 25.9
    Adiantum pedatum A O 20.2
    Adiantum pedatum A R 22.2
    Agropyron repens A O 98.6
    Agropyron repens A R 61.8
    Alchemilla mollis A O 75.7
    Alchemilla mollis A R 36.5
    Allium porrum A R 39.7
    Allium porrum A O 58.2
    Allium cepa A O 51.0
    Allium sativum A O 53.8
    Allium schoenoprasum A O 74.6
    Allium Tuberosum A O 69.5
    Aloe vera A R 44.7
    Aloe vera A O 55.6
    Althaea officinalis A O 95.0
    Althaea officinalis A R 33.4
    Amaranthus retroflexus A R 74.5
    Amaranthus retroflexus A O 98.4
    Anethum graveolens A R 37.4
    Anethum graveolens A O 58.7
    Angelica archangelica A O 79.1
    Apium graveolens A R 27.9
    Apium graveolens A O 46.5
    Aralia nudicaulis A O 89.3
    Aralia nudicaulis A R 55.4
    Arctium lappa A R 32.8
    Arctium minus A R 72.5
    Arctium minus A O 61.3
    Armoracia rusticana A O 95.8
    Aronia melanocarpa A R 39.8
    Aronia melanocarpa A O 28.2
    Artemisia Absinthium A R 51.7
    Artemisia Absinthium A O 63.7
    Artemisia dracunculus A O 45.4
    Aster sp A R 41.8
    Aster sp A O 91.5
    Atropa belladonna A O 47.3
    Atropa belladonna A R 31.7
    Cyperus esculentus A R 41.3
    Cyperus esculentus A O 33.8
    Beckmannia eruciformis A R 40.5
    Beckmannia eruciformis A O 60.8
    Beta vulgaris A R 66.1
    Beta vulgaris A O 79.5
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A O 63.3
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A R 59.1
    Borago officinalis A O 40.9
    Brassica napus A O 64.6
    Brassica napus A R 21.1
    Brassica oleracea A R 66.6
    Brassica oleracea A O 68.6
    Brassica rapa A O 89.0
    Brassica rapa A R 99.3
    Capsella bursa-pastoris A O 47.0
    Capsicum annuum A R 29.1
    Carum carvi A O 60.4
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum A O 48.6
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum A R 48.2
    Chelidonium majus A O 35.5
    Chelidonium majus A R 23.1
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus A O 65.9
    Chenopodium quinoa A R 62.3
    Chenopodium quinoa A O 90.0
    Cicer arietinum A O 82.4
    Cichorium intybus A R 58.0
    Cichorium intybus A O 81.7
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi A R 32.6
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi A O 43.4
    Coriandrum sativum A R 26.9
    Coriandrum sativum A O 65.0
    Cornus canadensis A R 99.7
    Cornus canadensis A O 60.6
    Crataegus sp A R 25.9
    Crataegus sp A O 28.2
    Cryptotaenia canadensis A O 73.3
    Cryptotaenia canadensis A R 36.1
    Cymbopogon citratus A O 32.7
    Daucus carota A R 63.6
    Daucus carota A O 43.4
    Dirca palustris A O 61.1
    Dirca palustris A R 46.6
    Echinacea purpurea A O 54.8
    Eleusine coracana A O 36.4
    Fagopyrum esculentum A R 37.9
    Fagopyrum esculentum A O 43.3
    Fagopyrum tataricum A R 28.4
    Fagopyrum tataricum A O 32.8
    Foeniculum vulgare A O 48.8
    Fragaria x ananassa A R 46.3
    Fragaria x ananassa A O 78.8
    Galinsoga ciliata A O 46.0
    Galium odoratum A R 59.8
    Galium odoratum A O 79.5
    Gaultheria hispidula A R 53.4
    Gaultheria hispidula A O 54.3
    Glechoma hederacea A O 23.4
    Glechoma hederacea A R 26.8
    Glycine max A R 20.5
    Glycine max A O 73.8
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A O 57.7
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A R 53.8
    Guizotia abyssinica A R 29.6
    Guizotia abyssinica A O 78.6
    Hamamelis virginiana A R 41.2
    Hedeoma pulegioides A O 26.3
    Helleborus niger A O 36.9
    Helleborus niger A R 35.4
    Hordeum hexastichon A R 31.1
    Hyssopus officinalis A R 84.8
    Hyssopus officinalis A O 85.8
    Inula helenium A O 58.4
    Inula helenium A R 32.7
    Campanula rapunculus A R 59.0
    Campanula rapunculus A O 50.6
    Canna edulis A O 23.9
    Capsella bursa-pastoris A R 49.0
    Lathyrus sylvestris A O 66.4
    Laurus nobilis A R 43.1
    Laurus nobilis A O 46.1
    Leonurus cardiaca A O 63.3
    Leonurus cardiaca A R 24.5
    Levisticum officinale A R 20.9
    Levisticum officinale A O 43.8
    Lotus corniculatus A R 69.0
    Lotus corniculatus A O 87.4
    Lycopersicon esculentum A R 28.0
    Malva sylvestris A O 23.1
    Medicago sativa A R 63.8
    Medicago sativa A O 53.6
    Melilotus albus A O 93.7
    Melilotus albus A R 80.1
    Melissa officinalis A R 40.8
    Melissa officinalis A O 69.5
    Mentha piperita A R 61.0
    Mentha piperita A O 73.2
    Mentha pulegium A O 69.0
    Mentha spicata A O 94.6
    Mentha suaveolens A O 55.2
    Nepeta cataria A R 45.9
    Nepeta cataria A O 66.3
    Nicotiana tabacum A R 46.8
    Oenothera biennis A R 69.8
    Oenothera biennis A O 47.3
    Origanum majorana A O 38.5
    Origanum vulgare A R 43.3
    Origanum vulgare A O 68.2
    Panax quinquefolius A R 41.7
    Panax quinquefolius A O 83.7
    Pastinaca sativa A O 62.8
    Pastinaca sativa A R 44.2
    Perilla frutescens A O 66.2
    Petasites japonicus A R 22.6
    Petasites japonicus A O 25.5
    Petroselinum crispum A O 79.1
    Petroselinum crispum A R 32.3
    Phalaris canariensis A R 45.4
    Phaseolus vulgaris A R 31.0
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A O 61.8
    Pimpinella anisum A O 38.1
    Plantago major A O 95.1
    Plectranthus sp. A R 76.9
    Plectranthus sp. A O 58.0
    Polygonum aviculare A R 28.0
    Polygonum aviculare A O 49.7
    Potentilla anserina A R 26.6
    Poterium Sanquisorba A O 58.0
    Pteridium aquilinum A R 32.9
    Raphanus raphanistrum A R 70.7
    Raphanus raphanistrum A O 83.2
    Raphanus salivus A R 90.9
    Raphanus sativus A O 95.4
    Ipomoea Batatas A O 29.6
    Lathyrus sativus A R 31.7
    Lathyrus sativus A O 71.1
    Lathyrus sylvestris A R 65.3
    Rosa rugosa A O 35.9
    Rosmarinus officinalis A O 78.2
    Rubus allegheniensis A O 76.8
    Rubus canadensis A R 40.7
    Rubus canadensis A O 72.6
    Rubus idaeus A R 35.5
    Rubus idaeus A O 97.9
    Rumex Acetosa A O 32.0
    Rumex acetosella A R 73.2
    Rumex acetosella A O 56.9
    Rumex crispus A R 49.7
    Rumex crispus A O 37.5
    Rumex Scutatus A O 53.1
    Rumex Scutatus A R 25.9
    Ruta graveolens A O 56.2
    Salix purpurea A R 71.4
    Salix purpurea A O 24.7
    Salvia elegans A O 67.6
    Salvia officinalis A O 70.5
    Salvia officinalis A R 56.6
    Salvia sclarea A O 70.1
    Santolina chamaecyparissus A R 59.5
    Santolina chamaecyparissus A O 59.2
    Satureja montana A O 71.7
    Scorzonera hispanica A O 21.9
    Secale cereale A R 33.3
    Senecio vulgaris A R 47.5
    Senecio vulgaris A O 20.8
    Setaria italica A R 48.6
    Setaria italica A O 37.1
    Sium Sisarum A O 33.8
    Sium Sisarum A R 62.5
    Solanum tuberosum A O 53.6
    Solidago sp A R 54.0
    Solidago sp A O 95.1
    Sonchus oleraceus A R 59.4
    Sonchus oleraceus A O 69.2
    Sorghum dochna A R 33.9
    Sorghum dochna A O 55.3
    Sorghum durra A R 61.3
    Sorghum durra A O 83.9
    Stachys byzantina A R 61.6
    Stachys byzantina A O 73.8
    Stellaria graminea A R 40.1
    Stellaria graminea A O 55.8
    Stellaria media A R 70.9
    Stellaria media A O 51.4
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium A O 67.7
    Tanacetum parthenium A R 50.8
    Tanacetum parthenium A O 81.9
    Tanacetum vulgare A R 56.2
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 51.9
    Taraxacum officinale A O 98.7
    Taraxacum officinale A R 82.1
    Teucrium chamaedrys A O 62.2
    Rheum rhabarbarum A R 26.0
    Rheum rhabarbarum A O 62.9
    Ribes nigrum A O 62.9
    Ribes Sylvestre A R 34.5
    Ribes Sylvestre A O 80.3
    Ricinus communis A R 89.9
    Ricinus communis A O 81.0
    Rosa rugosa A R 32.9
    Tragopogon porrifolius A O 67.2
    Tragopogon porrifolius A R 37.0
    Tropaeolum malus A O 62.8
    Typha latifolia A R 77.5
    Typha latifolia A O 70.6
    Vaccinium Corymbosum A O 74.7
    Vaccinium Corymbosum A R 69.5
    Vaccinium macrocarpon A R 71.4
    Vaccinum macrocarpon A O 78.9
    Verbascum thapsus A O 76.8
    Verbascum thapsus A R 62.0
    Vicia sativa A R 79.2
    Vicia sativa A O 88.7
    Vicia villosa A O 74.5
    Vicia villosa A R 61.0
    Vinca minor A O 46.7
    Vinca minor A R 31.9
    Vitiis sp. A R 89.5
    Vitiis sp. A O 54.6
    Zea mays A R 52.0
    Zea mays A O 93.8
    Achillea millefolium G O 45.8
    Achillea millefolium G R 24.6
    Aconitum napellus G R 28.7
    Acorus calamus G R 37.5
    Acorus calamus G O 32.8
    Actinidia arguta G R 47.8
    Actinidia arguta G O 78.4
    Adiantum pedatum G O 45.9
    Adiantum pedatum G R 27.0
    Agropyron repens G O 83.0
    Agropyron repens G R 31.9
    Alchemilla mollis G O 71.0
    Allium ampeloprasum G R 36.8
    Allium ampeloprasum G O 62.2
    Allium cepa G R 56.1
    Allium cepa G O 64.4
    Allium sativum G O 65.2
    Allium schoenoporasum G O 78.4
    Allium tuberosum G O 46.6
    Aloe vera G O 45.7
    Althaea officianalis G O 50.0
    althaea officinalis G R 42.2
    Amaranthus retroflexus G R 41.7
    Amaranthus retroflexus G O 90.3
    Anethum graveolens G R 31.3
    Anethum graveolens G O 60.5
    Angelica archangelica G O 64.3
    Angelica archangelica G R 63.3
    Apium graveolens G O 57.0
    Apium graveolens G R 28.4
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus A R 42.0
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus A O 54.2
    Thymus serpyllum A O 93.4
    Thymus serpyllum A R 57.5
    Thymus vulgaris A R 68.7
    Thymus vulgaris A O 55.8
    Thymus x citriodorus A O 72.8
    Thymus x citriodorus A R 31.9
    Asparagus officinalis G O 86.3
    Aster linné G O 57.5
    Aster sp G R 48.7
    Aster sp G O 94.5
    Atropa belladonna G R 29.2
    Beckmannia eruciformis G O 32.9
    Beta vulgaris G R 47.9
    Beta vulgaris G O 61.9
    Borago officinalis G O 51.9
    Brassica Napus G O 92.1
    Brassica napus G R 30.2
    Brassica oleracea G R 79.0
    Brassica oleracea G O 85.4
    Brassica rapa G O 81.7
    Calamagrostis arundiflora G R 59.7
    Campanula rapunculus G R 65.4
    Campanula rapunculus G O 54.8
    Canna edulis G O 30.0
    Capsella bursa-pastoris G R 48.1
    Capsella bursa-pastoris G O 50.9
    Tropaeolum majus G R 22.2
    Tropaeolum majus G O 59.1
    Carum carvi G O 62.4
    Cerastium tomentosum G R 45.1
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum G O 30.0
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum G R 54.5
    Chelidonium majus G O 43.2
    Chelidonium majus G R 30.7
    Chichorium endivia G O 64.2
    Chichorium endivia subsp G R 48.3
    endivia
    Chichorium endivia subsp G O 67.0
    endivia
    Cichorium intybus G O 78.3
    Cichorium intybus G R 87.8
    Circium arvense G R 94.1
    Circium arvense G O 58.7
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi G R 35.7
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi G O 31.4
    Cornus canadensis G R 61.3
    Comus canadensis G O 80.6
    Crataegus submollis G R 21.0
    Crataegus submollis G O 44.4
    Cymbopogon citratus G R 39.6
    Cyperus esculentus G R 62.4
    Cyperus esculentus G O 49.6
    Daucus carota G O 36.3
    Daucus carota G R 44.3
    Dirca palustris G O 85.1
    Dirca palustris G R 47.1
    Echinacea purpurea G O 36.4
    Eleusine coracana G O 65.4
    Eleusine coracana G R 36.8
    Aralia nudicaulis G O 71.8
    Aralia nudicaulis G R 38.2
    Arctium minus G R 42.4
    Arctium minus G O 41.5
    Armoracia rusticana G O 67.1
    Aronia melanocarpa G R 32.0
    Aronia melanocarpa G O 70.0
    Artemisia absinthium G R 63.1
    Artemisia absinthium G O 61.1
    Asclepias incamata G R 58.4
    Asclepias incarnata G O 63.3
    Asparagus officinalis G R 61.2
    Gaultheria hispidula G O 50.6
    Gaultheria procumbens G R 53.3
    Gaultheria procumbens G O 67.7
    Glechoma hederacea G O 70.9
    Glechoma hederacea G R 25.3
    Glycine max G R 78.6
    Glycine max G O 85.9
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G R 59.1
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G O 60.6
    Guizotia abyssinica G R 41.8
    Guizotia abyssinica G O 74.3
    Hamamelis virginiana G R 44.2
    Helianthus strumosus G O 40.6
    Helianthus strumosus G R 61.4
    Helianthus tuberosus G O 75.1
    Helianthus tuberosus G R 30.1
    Helichrysum thianschanicum G R 56.3
    Helichrysum thianschanicum G O 84.0
    Helleborus niger G O 38.8
    Helleborus niger G R 25.9
    Hordeum hexastichon G O 62.3
    Hordeum hexastichon G R 29.4
    Hyssopus officinalis G R 64.7
    Hyssopus officinalis G O 71.9
    Inula helenium G O 29.4
    Inula helenium G R 25.7
    Ipomoea batatas G O 36.9
    Lactuca sativa G O 70.4
    Lactuca sativa G R 49.9
    Lathyrus sativus G O 62.8
    Lathyrus sativus G R 29.0
    Lathyrus sylvestris G R 52.1
    Lathyrus sylvestris G O 52.5
    Laurus nobilis G R 27.1
    Laurus nobilis G O 61.0
    Lavandula angustifolia G R 51.9
    Lavandula angustifolia G O 57.0
    Ledum groenlandicum G O 73.4
    Ledum groenlandicum G R 52.6
    Leonurus cardiaca G O 88.8
    Leonurus cardiaca G R 38.5
    Levistecum officinale G R 51.2
    Levistecum officinale G O 78.3
    Lotus corniculatus G O 86.8
    Lotus corniculatus G R 50.3
    Lupinus polyphyllus G R 78.9
    Lupinus polyphyllus G O 66.7
    Erigeron speciosus G R 39.1
    Erysimum perofskianum G R 58.7
    Erysimum perofskianum G O 93.1
    Fagopyrum esculentum G R 36.4
    Fagopyrum esculentum G O 41.0
    Fagopyrum tataricum G R 43.3
    Fagopyrum tataricum G O 29.1
    Galinsoga ciliata G R 49.8
    Galinsoga ciliata G O 58.0
    Galium odoratum G R 65.1
    Galium odoratum G O 94.2
    Gaultheria hispidula G R 55.7
    Oenothera biennis G O 44.3
    Origanum majorana G O 44.7
    Origanum vulgare G O 58.1
    Origanum vulgare G R 22.9
    Oryza Sativa G R 71.8
    Oryza Sativa G O 39.8
    Oxalis Deppei G R 80.1
    Oxalis Deppei G O 28.8
    Oxyria digyna G R 51.8
    Oxyria digyna G O 36.2
    Panax quinquefolius G R 72.1
    Panax quinquefolius G O 81.6
    Panicum miliaceum G O 93.4
    Passiflora caerula G R 33.2
    Passiflora caerula G O 63.2
    Pastinaca sativa G O 54.0
    Pennisetum alopecuroides G R 61.0
    Petasites japonicus G O 50.0
    Petroselinum crispum G R 49.1
    Petroselinum crispum G O 52.2
    Phalaris canariensis G O 72.1
    Phaseolus vulgaris G R 21.8
    Pimpinella anisum G O 86.2
    Pisum sativum G O 61.6
    Pisum sativum G R 57.5
    Plantago major G O 91.9
    Plectranthus sp. G R 53.0
    Plectranthus sp. G O 73.0
    Polygonum aviculare G R 32.2
    Polygonum aviculare G O 36.4
    Portulaca oleracea G R 82.1
    Portulaca oleracea G O 63.3
    Potentilla anserina G R 26.3
    Poterium sanquisorba G O 79.9
    Prunella vulgaris G R 68.8
    Prunella vulgaris G O 57.4
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G R 91.9
    Raphanus Raphanistrum G O 55.2
    Rhaphanus sativus G R 55.7
    Rhaphanus sativus G O 78.4
    Rheum rhabarbarum G R 27.1
    Rheum rhabarbarum G O 56.8
    Ribes nidigrolaria G O 70.7
    Ribes nigrum G R 37.9
    Ribes nigrum G O 98.9
    Ribes Sylvestris G R 25.2
    Ribes Sylvestris G O 65.7
    Malus hupehensis G R 52.7
    Malus hupehensis G O 64.1
    Malva sylvestris G R 26.2
    Medicago sativa G R 43.4
    Medicago sativa G O 92.5
    Malilotus albus G R 75.5
    Melilotus albus G O 70.0
    Melissa officinalis G O 81.1
    Mentha piperita G O 54.4
    Mentha pulegium G O 59.4
    Mentha spicata G R 38.8
    Mentha spicata G O 83.0
    Mentha suaveolens G O 56.5
    Nepeta cataria G O 56.2
    Ocimum basilicum G O 60.3
    Oenothera biennis G R 39.2
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G R 61.3
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G O 88.2
    Saponaria officinalis G R 52.9
    Saponaria officinalis G O 71.8
    Satureja hortensis G O 44.9
    Satureja montana G O 76.8
    Scorzonera hispanica G R 32.9
    Scuttellaria lateriflora G O 49.8
    Scuttellaria lateriflora G R 39.6
    Secale cereale G R 37.0
    Senecio vulgaris G R 31.0
    Senecio vulgaris G O 47.0
    Setaria italica G R 44.9
    Setaria italica G O 42.0
    Silene vulgaris G R 76.8
    Silene vulgaris G O 92.2
    Shan sisarum G O 58.9
    Sium sisarum G R 66.6
    solanum melongena G R 66.8
    Solarium tuberosum G O 47.4
    Solidago sp G R 53.6
    Solidago sp G O 88.3
    Sonchus oleraceus G R 62.5
    Sonchus oleraceus G O 55.5
    Sorghum dochna G R 67.4
    Sorghum dochna G O 73.7
    sorghum durra G R 24.8
    sorghum durra G O 42.3
    Sorghum sudanense G R 35.5
    Sorghum sudanense G O 66.3
    Stachys byzantina G R 75.5
    Stachys byzantina G O 66.7
    Stellaria graminea G R 36.9
    Stellaria graminea G O 40.1
    Stellaria media G R 31.2
    Stellaria media G O 51.1
    Symphytum officinale G R 90.2
    Symphytum officinale G O 90.8
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium G O 76.1
    Tanacetum parthenium G R 70.1
    Tanacetum parthenium G O 62.4
    Tanacetum vulgare G R 36.2
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 72.5
    Ricinus communis G R 39.3
    Ricinus communis G O 84.3
    Rosmarinus officinalis G O 68.6
    Rubus idaeus G O 26.3
    Rumex crispus G R 54.2
    Rumex crispus G O 62.0
    Rumex scutatus G O 38.1
    Ruta graveolens G O 85.0
    Salix purpurea G R 74.7
    Salix purpurea G O 38.5
    Salvia elegans G O 54.8
    Salvia officinalis G R 89.7
    Salvia officinalis G O 84.9
    Salvia sclarea G O 61.6
    Sambucus ebulus G R 48.2
    Sambucus ebulus G O 98.2
    Vaccinium macrocarpon G O 76.7
    Veratrum viride G O 35.4
    Verbascum thapsus G O 72.9
    Verbascum thapsus G R 60.5
    Viburnum trilobum G R 52.6
    Vicia sativa G R 36.6
    Vicia sativa G O 83.2
    Vicia villosa G O 77.3
    Vicia villosa G R 46.8
    Vinca minor G O 63.0
    Vinca minor G R 30.8
    Vitis sp. G R 52.7
    Vitis sp. G O 99.2
    Zea mays G R 45.1
    Zea mays G O 55.3
    Perilla frutescens T R 68.0
    Perilla frutescens T O 74.4
    Achillea millefolium T O 46.0
    Achillea millefolium T R 32.9
    Aconitum napellus T O 35.2
    Aconitum napellus T R 31.9
    Acorus calamus T O 40.6
    Acorus calamus T R 26.9
    Actinidia arguta T R 80.0
    Actinidia arguta T O 66.3
    Adiantum pedatum T O 43.4
    Agrimonia eupatoria T O 37.5
    Agropyron repens T O 75.0
    Agropyron repens T R 50.0
    Alchemilla mollis T O 71.6
    Alchemilla mollis T R 81.1
    Allium ampeloprasum T O 84.4
    Allium cepa T O 49.2
    Allium cepa T R 30.1
    Allium sativum T O 63.8
    Allium schoenoprasum T O 79.6
    Allium tuberosum T O 55.8
    Allium tuberosum T R 29.6
    Aloe vera T R 30.3
    Aloe vera T O 42.7
    Althaea officinalis T R 42.5
    Althaea officinalis T O 46.3
    Amaranthus candatus T R 37.3
    Taraxacum officinale G O 100.0
    Taraxacum officinale G R 78.6
    Teucrium chamaedrys G O 50.5
    Teucrium chamaedrys G R 40.1
    Thymus fragantissimus G R 81.4
    Thymus fragantissimus G O 58.4
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G R 49.2
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G O 62.4
    Thymus serpyllum G O 70.4
    Thymus serpyllum G R 54.9
    Thymus vulgaris G R 55.1
    Thymus x citriodorus G O 47.1
    Tiarella cordifolia G O 52.8
    Typha latifolia G R 65.1
    Typha latifolia G O 46.9
    Vaccinium corymbosum G O 54.5
    Vaccinium corymbosum G R 82.9
    Vaccinium angustifolium G R 27.9
    Vaccinium angustifolium G O 66.8
    Vaccinium macrocarpon G R 40.7
    Asclepias incamata T O 66.8
    Aster spp T R 40.5
    Aster spp T O 86.7
    Atropa belladonna T O 61.4
    Atropa belladonna T R 30.4
    Avena sativa T R 38.0
    Cyperus esculentus T O 47.6
    Cyperus esculentus T R 49.5
    Beta vulgaris T O 62.2
    Borago officinalis T O 39.1
    Brassica Napus T O 89.3
    Brassica nigra T R 26.9
    Brassica oleracea T O 63.9
    Brassica oleracea T R 76.2
    Brassica oleracea T O 69.9
    Bromus inermis T R 79.8
    Bromus inermis T O 88.1
    Calamagrostis arundiflora m T R 62.8
    Calendula officinalis T R 64.6
    Canna edulis T O 47.5
    Capsella bursa-pastoris T R 48.7
    Capsella bursa-pastoris T O 40.9
    Carex morrowii T R 45.7
    Carex morrowii T O 70.3
    Carum carvi T R 22.7
    Cerastium tomentosum T R 46.8
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T R 22.9
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T O 40.9
    Chelidonium majus T O 60.7
    Chelidonium majus T R 24.0
    Chenopodium quinoa T R 41.5
    Chenopodium quinoa T O 86.7
    Cicer arietinum T R 20.4
    Cicer arietinum T O 84.2
    Cichorium endivia T O 76.3
    Cichorium intybus T O 81.7
    Cichorium intybus T R 73.3
    Circium arvense T R 50.0
    Circium arvense T O 74.8
    Amaranthus candatus T O 60.0
    Amaranthus retroflexus T R 33.2
    Amaranthus retroflexus T O 94.3
    angelica archangelica T O 37.4
    angelica archangelica T R 55.7
    Anthriscus cerefolium T O 86.5
    Anthriscus cerefolium T R 69.6
    Apium graveolens T R 22.0
    Aralia nudicaulis T O 77.5
    Aralia nudicaulis T R 28.4
    Arctium minus T R 54.4
    Arctium minus T O 89.5
    Armoracia rusticana T O 84.9
    Aronia melanocarpa T R 61.9
    Aronia melanocarpa T O 84.5
    Artemisia absinthium T R 29.0
    Artemisia absinthium T O 55.9
    Artemisia dracunculus T O 96.7
    Artium lappa T O 26.0
    Asclepias incamata T R 58.5
    Fagopyrum tataricum T O 25.6
    Foeniculum vulgare T O 79.0
    Fragaria x ananassa T O 26.0
    Galinsoga ciliata T R 34.6
    Galinsoga ciliata T O 60.3
    Galium odoratum T R 98.8
    Galium odoratum T O 96.1
    Gaultheria hispidula T O 33.1
    Gaultheria procumbens T O 84.2
    Glechoma hederacea T O 70.1
    Glechoma hederacea T R 38.5
    Glycine max T O 54.8
    Glycine max T R 38.0
    Glycine max T O 88.7
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T O 65.5
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T R 40.5
    Guizotia abyssinica T R 48.1
    Guizotia abyssinica T O 84.1
    Hamamelis virginiana T R 35.9
    Hedeoma pulegioides T R 24.8
    Helianthus strumosus T O 32.9
    Helianthus strumosus T R 31.0
    Helianthus tuberosus T R 42.8
    Helianthus tuberosus T O 72.1
    Helichrysum angustifolium T R 69.6
    Helichrysum angustifolium T O 84.9
    Helichrysum thianschanicum T R 96.2
    Helichrysum thianschanicum T O 80.7
    Humulus lupulus T O 71.3
    Humulus lupulus T R 60.6
    Hyoscyamus niger T O 68.0
    Hyssopus officinalis T R 73.3
    Hyssopus officinalis T O 76.9
    Inula helenium T O 93.3
    Inula helenium T R 63.5
    Ipomoea batalas T O 99.9
    Juniperus communis T R 26.9
    Kochia scoparia. T O 76.7
    Koeleria glauca T R 89.1
    Citrullus colocynthus T O 62.5
    Citrullus colocynthis T R 57.3
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi T R 33.7
    Coriandrum sativum T O 59.2
    Coriandrum sativum T R 37.1
    Cornus canadensis T R 82.6
    Comus canadensis T O 47.7
    Crataegus sp T O 33.9
    Crataegus submollis T O 64.3
    Cryptotaenia canadensis T O 60.9
    Cryptotaenia canadensis T R 41.5
    Cymbopogon citratus T R 65.2
    Cymbopogon citratus T O 65.6
    Daucus carota T R 27.5
    Dioscorea batatas T O 42.3
    Dirca palustris T O 57.4
    Dirca palustris T R 29.5
    Echinacea purpurea T O 83.0
    Eleusine coracana T O 70.3
    Erysimum perofskianum T R 90.4
    Erysimum perofskianum T O 92.2
    Fagopyrum esculentum T R 61.6
    Fagopyrum esculentum T O 39.0
    Fagopyrum tataricum T R 36.7
    Malus T O 70.9
    Malus hupehensis T R 77.6
    Malus hupehensis T O 72.4
    Medicago sativa T R 41.0
    Medicago sativa T O 94.1
    Melilotus officinalis T R 44.0
    Melilotus officinalis T O 90.8
    Mentha piperita T O 20.6
    Menyanthes trifoliata T R 20.8
    Miscanthus sinensis T R 89.0
    Miscanthus sinensis T O 73.7
    Nepeta cataria T R 25.3
    Ocimum Basilicum T O 65.7
    Oenothera biennis T R 40.2
    Oenothera biennis T O 49.2
    Onobrychis viciiafolia T R 53.2
    Onobrychis viciiafolia T O 49.2
    Origanum vulgare T R 50.6
    Origanum vulgare T O 45.1
    Oryza sativa T R 40.3
    Oryza sativa T O 28.6
    Oxalis Deppei T R 35.2
    Oxalis Deppei T O 42.1
    oxyria digyna T R 42.8
    oxyria digyna T O 52.3
    Panax quinquefolius T O 78.8
    Panicum miliaceum T R 52.6
    Passiflora caerulea T O 77.5
    Pastinaca sativa T R 52.0
    Pastinaca sativa T O 31.8
    Pennisetum alopecuroides T O 73.4
    Pertoselinum crispum T R 65.2
    Petasites Japonicus T R 31.3
    Petasites Japonicus T O 24.6
    Pertoselinum crispum T O 45.2
    Koeleria glauca T O 67.7
    Lactuca sativa T O 75.2
    Lactuca sativa T R 55.3
    Lathyrus Sativus T R 23.3
    Lathyrus Sativus T O 70.6
    Lathyrus sylvestris T R 77.1
    Lathyrus sylvestris T O 53.0
    Laurus nobilis T R 61.6
    Laurus nobilis T O 92.7
    Lavandula angustifolia T R 54.1
    Lavandula angustifolia T O 84.4
    Lavandula latifolia T R 55.4
    Lavandula latifolia T O 82.9
    Ledum groenlandicum T O 96.1
    Ledum groenlandicum T R 74.0
    Lens culinaris subsp culinaris T R 36.4
    Lens culinaris subsp culinaris T O 100.0
    Levisticum officinale T R 38.8
    Levisticum officinale T O 73.4
    Lotus corniculatus T O 81.6
    Lotus corniculatus T R 52.0
    Lupinus polyphyllus T R 53.3
    Lupinus polyphyllus T O 64.4
    Luzula sylvatica T R 62.6
    Ribes Sylvestre T O 87.9
    Ribes Siylvestre T R 40.2
    Ribes Siylvestre T O 45.2
    Rosmarinus officinalis T O 69.6
    Rubus canadensis T R 37.2
    Rubus canadensis T O 57.9
    Rubus idaeus T R 64.9
    Rubus idaeus T O 94.9
    Rumes scutatus T O 74.9
    Rumes scutatus T R 20.7
    Rumex acetosella T R 40.1
    Rumex acetosella T O 42.0
    Rumex crispus T R 40.7
    Rumex crispus T O 51.2
    Ruta graveolens T O 91.2
    Salix purpurea T R 55.5
    Salix purpurea T O 51.2
    Salvia officinalis T R 64.7
    Salvia officinalis T O 66.6
    Sambucus canadensis T O 92.5
    Sambucus canadensis T R 64.0
    Sanguisorba minor T O 68.4
    Santolina chamaecyparissus T R 84.4
    Santolina chamaecyparissus T O 33.9
    Saponaria officinalis T R 59.3
    Saponaria officinalis T O 80.4
    Satureja hortensis T O 26.5
    Satureja hortensis T R 23.0
    Satureja montana T R 57.2
    Satureja montana T O 43.5
    Satureja repandra T R 47.1
    Satureja repandra T O 66.3
    Scuttellaria lateriflora T O 20.3
    Scuttellaria lateriflora T R 33.8
    Secale cereale T R 28.5
    Phalaris canariensis T R 33.6
    Phalaris canariensis T O 86.5
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 57.0
    Physalis pruinosa T O 58.2
    Pimpinella anisum T O 95.9
    Pimpinella anisum T R 91.7
    Pisum sativum T R 30.5
    Pisum sativum T O 69.3
    Plantago major T O 93.8
    Plantago major T R 20.2
    Plectranthus sp. T R 44.4
    Plectranthus sp. T O 50.8
    Polygonum aviculare T R 47.9
    Polygonum aviculare T O 72.7
    Potentilla anserina T R 21.8
    Prunella vulgaris T R 84.3
    Prunella vulgaris T O 56.7
    Pteridium aquilinum T R 32.6
    Raphanus raphanistrum T R 68.6
    Raphanus raphanistrum T O 77.0
    Raphanus sativus T R 41.0
    Raphanus sativus T O 63.1
    Frangula alnus T O 27.0
    Frangula alnus T R 45.3
    Ricinus communis T R 22.4
    Ricinus communis T O 72.0
    Ribes nigrum T R 50.5
    Ribes nigrum T O 70.1
    Symphytum officinale T R 55.1
    Symphytum officinale T O 64.0
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium T O 65.5
    Tanacetum parthenium T R 45.2
    Tanacetum parthenium T O 54.7
    Tanacetum vulgare T R 59.8
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 86.0
    Taraxacum officinale T O 100.0
    Taraxacum officinale T R 91.3
    Teucrium chamaedrys T O 60.8
    Teucrium chamaedrys L T R 69.2
    Thymus fragantissimus T R 97.8
    Thymus fragantissimus T O 81.7
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus T R 36.1
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus T O 31.8
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T R 33.9
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T O 43.7
    Thymus serpyllum T R 39.2
    Thymus serpyllum T O 68.6
    Thymus X citriodorus T O 70.9
    Thymus X citriodorus T R 46.1
    Tiarella cordifolia T O 72.0
    Tragopogon porrifolius T O 40.0
    Tragopogon porrifolius T R 20.5
    Triticosecala spp. T O 38.2
    Triticum aestivum T R 31.4
    Triticum aestivum T O 33.8
    Tropaeolum majus T R 29.2
    Tropaeolum majus T O 20.9
    Typha latifolia T R 67.0
    Typha latifolia T O 56.0
    Senecio vulgaris T R 34.0
    Setaria italica T R 40.7
    Silene vulgaris T R 66.3
    Silene vulgaris T O 99.7
    Sium sisarum T O 90.7
    Sium sisarum T R 39.6
    Solidago sp T R 44.3
    Solidago sp T O 73.6
    Sonchus oleraceus T R 53.7
    Sonchus oleraceus T O 36.9
    Sorghum caffrorum T R 96.4
    Sorghum caffrorum T O 80.1
    Sorghum dochna T R 95.3
    Sorghum dochna T O 70.3
    Sorghum dochna T R 98.5
    Sorghum dochna T O 85.3
    Sorghum durra T R 86.5
    Sorghum durra T O 81.7
    Sorghum sudanense T R 34.7
    Stachys affinis T O 75.7
    Stachys affinis T R 33.5
    Stachys byzantina T R 60.8
    Stachys byzantina T O 77.5
    Stellaria graminea T R 37.5
    Stellaria graminea T O 54.7
    Stellaria media T R 26.0
    Stellaria media T O 49.0
    Stipa capillata T R 43.4
    Urtica dioica T R 77.8
    Urtica dioica T O 75.6
    Vaccinium angustifolium T O 58.6
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T R 20.1
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T O 41.7
    Veratrum viride T O 57.1
    Veratrum viride T R 26.6
    Verbascum thapsus T O 72.8
    Verbascum thapsus T R 56.0
    Viburnum trilobum T R 49.5
    Viburnum trilobum T O 56.8
    Vicia sativa T O 73.9
    Vicia villosa T R 79.2
    Vicia villosa T O 70.9
    Vinca minor T O 21.5
    Vitis sp. T R 79.7
    Vitis sp. T O 97.4
    Zea mays T R 83.5
    Zea mays T O 58.2
  • [0153]
    TABLE 9
    Cath K
    Nora latin Stress Extrait Inhibition
    Achillea millefolium A O 27.6
    Aconitum napellus A O 74.0
    Acorus calamus A O 74.8
    Actinidia arguta A R 28.1
    Actinidia arguta A O 96.6
    Agropyron repens A O 98.0
    Alchemilla mollis A O 61.3
    Alchemilla mollis A R 95.8
    Allium cepa A O 80.6
    Allium porrum A R 30.9
    Allium porrum A O 87.5
    Allium sativum A O 71.2
    Allium schoenoprasum A O 78.2
    Allium Tuberosum A O 99.6
    Aloe vera A R 60.0
    Aloe vera A O 78.4
    Althaea officinalis A O 98.1
    Amaranthus retroflexus A R 37.4
    Amaranthus retroflexus A O 43.4
    Anethum graveolens A O 33.7
    Angelica archangelica A R 36.0
    Angelica archangelica A O 85.2
    Apium graveolens A R 46.7
    Apium graveolens A O 88.8
    Aralia nudicaulis A R 79.0
    Aralia nudicaulis A O 98.5
    Arctium minus A R 24.6
    Arctium minus A O 67.9
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A R 75.1
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A O 89.8
    Armoracia rusticana A O 92.3
    Aronia melanocarpa A O 60.1
    Aronia melanocarpa A R 61.6
    Aronia melanocarpa A O 82.3
    Artemisia Absinthium A R 88.6
    Artemisia dracunculus A O 55.6
    Aster sp A R 50.7
    Atropa belladonna A O 89.4
    Beckmannia eruciformis A R 86.0
    Beckmannia eruciformis A O 96.2
    Beta vulgaris A R 69.3
    Beta vulgaris A O 87.6
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A R 53.7
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A O 84.2
    Borago officinalis A O 38.6
    Brassica napus A R 43.5
    Brassica napus A O 84.4
    Brassica oleracea A O 60.6
    Brassica rapa A R 62.1
    Brassica rapa A O 98.9
    Campanula rapunculus A O 77.0
    Canna edulis A R 32.0
    Capsella bursa-pastoris A R 71.4
    Capsella bursa-pastoris A O 72.8
    Capsicum annuum A R 39.0
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum A O 86.6
    Chelidonium majus A O 90.3
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus A O 38.8
    Chenopodium quinoa A R 42.3
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi A O 35.2
    Coriandrum sativum A R 63.6
    Coriandrum sativum A O 84.4
    Cornus canadensis A O 58.6
    Comus canadensis A R 99.4
    Crataegus sp A R 22.7
    Crataegus submollis A O 45.4
    Cryptotaenia canadensis A R 26.3
    Cryptotaenia canadensis A O 29.1
    Cymbopogon citratus A O 45.2
    Cyperus esculentus A O 75.0
    Daucus carota A O 92.9
    Dirca palustris A O 84.7
    Dirca palustris A R 94.2
    Dryopteris filix-mas A O 85.7
    Echinacea purpurea A O 89.8
    Eleusine coracana A R 50.6
    Eleusine coracana A O 58.7
    Fagopyrum esculentum A O 68.0
    Fagopyrum tataricum A O 20.3
    Fagopyrum tataricum A R 33.0
    Foeniculum vulgare A O 40.3
    Fragaria x ananassa A R 44.8
    Fragaria x ananassa A O 92.3
    Galinsoga ciliata A O 55.3
    Galium odoratum A O 88.4
    Gaultheria hispidula A R 61.6
    Gaultheria hispidula A O 87.1
    Glechoma hederacea A O 96.2
    Glycine max A R 41.6
    Glycine max A O 100.0
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A R 50.8
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A O 90.2
    Guizotia abyssinica A R 23.1
    Guizotia abyssinica A O 94.8
    Hamamelis virginiana A R 91.8
    Hedeoma pulegioides A O 93.3
    Helleborus niger A O 82.9
    Hordeum hexastichon A R 26.9
    Hyssopus officinalis A R 40.2
    Inula helenium A O 86.0
    Ipomoea Batatas A R 25.6
    Lathyrus sativus A R 26.9
    Lathyrus sativus A O 84.9
    Lathyrus sylvestris A R 22.4
    Lathyrus sylvestris A O 93.4
    Laurus nobilis A O 64.2
    Laurus nobilis A R 64.6
    Leonurus cardiaca A O 90.0
    Levisticum officinale A R 49.4
    Levisticum officinale A O 53.3
    Lotus corniculatus A R 67.4
    Lotus corniculatus A O 98.8
    Lycopersicon esculentum A R 30.1
    Malva sylvestris A O 82.3
    Medicago sativa A R 44.0
    Medicago sativa A O 94.4
    Melilotus albus A R 80.7
    Chenopodium quinoa A O 84.3
    Cicer arietinum A O 91.1
    Cichorium intybus A R 21.0
    Cichorium intybus A O 94.8
    Mentha piperita A R 60.8
    Mentha pulegium A O 55.4
    Mentha spicata A O 97.0
    Mentha suaveolens A O 46.8
    Nepeta cataria A R 32.6
    Nepeta cataria A O 67.2
    Nicotiana tabacum A R 34.1
    Oenothera biennis A R 48.5
    Oenothera biennis A O 83.4
    Origanum majorana A O 63.2
    Origanum vulgare A R 62.2
    Origanum vulgare A O 90.0
    Panax quinquefolius A O 32.3
    Panax quinquefolius A R 75.9
    Panicum miliaceum A R 25.6
    Panicum miliaceum A O 45.1
    Pastinaca sativa A O 100.0
    Petasites japonicus A O 82.7
    Petroselinum crispum A R 50.2
    Petroselinum crispum A O 85.7
    Petroselinum crispum A O 92.2
    Phalaris canariensis A R 89.5
    Phaseolus vulgaris A R 22.1
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A O 90.3
    Pimpinella anisum A O 72.4
    Plantago major A R 22.2
    Plantago major A O 99.8
    Plectranthus sp. A R 73.5
    Potentilla anserina A O 92.9
    Pteridium aquilinum A O 81.9
    Raphanus raphanistrum A O 70.2
    Raphanus sativus A R 28.4
    Raphanus sativus A O 99.0
    Rheum rhabarbarum A R 21.4
    Rheum rhabarbarum A O 95.6
    Ribes nigrum A R 59.3
    Ribes nigrum A O 81.8
    Ribes Sylvestre A O 98.6
    Ricinus communis A R 78.5
    Ricinus communis A O 90.2
    Rosa rugosa A R 36.1
    Rubus allegheniensis A O 59.3
    Rubus canadensis A O 94.4
    Rubus idaeus A R 58.4
    Rubus idaeus A O 97.4
    Rumex Acetosa A O 83.9
    Rumex acetosella A R 46.7
    Rumex acetosella A O 90.9
    Rumex crispus A R 32.9
    Rumex crispus A O 91.8
    Rumex Scutatus A O 94.9
    Ruta graveolens A O 92.5
    Salix purpurea A O 44.8
    Salix purpurea A R 68.1
    Salvia elegans A O 64.2
    Melilotus albus A O 98.9
    Melissa officinalis A O 89.4
    Melissa officinalis A R 93.6
    Mentha piperita A O 60.1
    Senecio vulgaris L A R 80.9
    Setaria italica A R 30.0
    Setaria italica A O 66.2
    Sium Sisarum A R 30.0
    Sium Sisarum A O 93.3
    Solanum tuberosum A R 30.1
    Solanum tuberosum A O 79.8
    Solidago sp A R 43.7
    Solidago sp A O 72.1
    Sonchus oleraceus A R 21.6
    Sonchus oleraceus A O 92.4
    Sorghum dochna A O 60.9
    Sorghum durra A O 89.3
    Stachys affinis A R 29.3
    Stachys byzantina A R 28.3
    Stellaria graminea A R 49.9
    Stellaria graminea A O 87.6
    Stellaria media A R 25.7
    Stellaria media A O 26.0
    Tanacetum parthenium A R 64.6
    Tanacetum vulgare A R 36.0
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 85.7
    Taraxacum officinale A R 36.9
    Taraxacum officinale A O 100.0
    Teucrium chamaedrys A O 92.5
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus A O 50.1
    Thymus serpyllum A R 27.3
    Thymus serpyllum A O 88.9
    Thymus vulgaris A R 60.9
    Thymus vulgaris A O 74.3
    Thymus x citriodorus A O 80.9
    Tragopogon porrifolius A R 43.2
    Tragopogon porrifolius A O 81.9
    Tropaeolum majus A R 42.6
    Tropaeolum majus A O 82.6
    Typha latifolia A O 49.5
    Typha latifolia A R 65.4
    Vaccinium Corymbosum A O 94.5
    Vaccinium macrocarpon A O 94.1
    Veratrum viride A O 78.4
    Verbascum thapsus A O 96.4
    Vicia sativa A O 98.7
    Vicia villosa A R 29.0
    Vicia villosa A O 97.6
    Vinca minor A O 74.6
    Vitis sp. A R 82.1
    Vitis sp. A O 99.5
    Zea mays A R 24.4
    Zea mays A O 99.2
    Achillea millefolium G O 42.8
    Aconitum napellus G O 37.1
    Acorus calamus G O 89.0
    Actinidia arguta G R 35.5
    Actinidia arguta G O 45.4
    Adiantum pedatum G O 25.0
    Salvia officinalis A O 67.8
    Salvia officinalis A R 85.4
    Salvia sclarea A O 61.0
    Santolina chamaecyparissus A R 54.1
    Santolina chamaecyparissus A O 63.1
    Satureja montana A O 75.6
    Scorzonera hispanica A O 62.7
    Scutellaria lateriflora A O 82.7
    Allium schoenoporasum G O 88.7
    Allium tuberosum G O 80.3
    Aloe vera G R 28.8
    althaea officinalis G O 94.5
    Amaranthus retroflexus G R 35.3
    Amaranthus retroflexus G O 73.8
    Anethum graveolens G O 52.0
    Angelica archangelica G R 39.0
    Angelica archangelica G O 80.6
    Apium graveolens G R 37.7
    Apium graveolens G O 83.9
    Aralia nudicaulis G O 86.7
    Aralia nudicaulis G R 89.5
    Arctium minus G R 27.1
    Arctium minus G O 93.4
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G R 73.3
    Armoracia rusticana G O 53.8
    Aronia melanocarpa G R 73.2
    Aronia melanocarpa G O 81.2
    Artemisia absinthium G R 92.0
    Artemisia dracunculus G R 36.0
    Artemisia dracunculus G O 72.7
    Asclepias incarnata G R 67.4
    Asclepias incarnata G O 87.0
    Asparagus officinalis G O 98.2
    Aster G O 37.4
    Aster sp G R 37.3
    Aster sp G O 81.3
    Beckmannia eruciformis G O 90.0
    Beta vulgaris G O 29.0
    Beta vulgaris G R 71.5
    Borago officinalis G O 36.4
    Brassica napus G R 26.6
    Brassica napus G O 98.8
    Brassica oleracea G O 97.8
    Brassica rapa G R 25.3
    Brassica rapa G O 67.8
    Calamagrostis arundiflora G R 23.2
    Campanula rapunculus G O 80.2
    Canna edulis G R 31.6
    Canna edulis G O 44.2
    Capsella bursa-pastoris G R 63.0
    Capsella bursa-pastoris G O 69.5
    Carum carvi G O 32.3
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum G R 30.7
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum G O 38.0
    Chelidonium majus G O 91.3
    Cicer arietinum G R 44.7
    Cicer arietinum G O 92.7
    Cichorium endivia subsp. Endivia G O 94.9
    Cichorium intybus G R 25.8
    Agropyron repens G O 98.2
    Alchemilla mollis G O 65.5
    Alchemilla mollis G R 88.9
    Allium ampeloprasum G R 39.0
    Allium ampeloprasum G O 53.8
    Allium cepa G R 35.6
    Allium cepa G O 75.1
    Allium sativum G O 82.4
    Daucus carota G O 57.3
    Dirca palustris G R 67.1
    Dirca palustris G O 97.2
    Dryopteris filix-mas G O 52.2
    Echinacea purpurea G O 74.4
    Eleusine coracana G R 38.7
    Eleusine coracana G O 76.8
    Erigeron speciosus G R 26.8
    Erysimum perofskianum G R 59.8
    Erysimum perofskianum G O 100.2
    Fagopyrum esculentum G R 37.6
    Fagopyrum tartaricum G O 27.3
    Fagopyrum tartaricum G R 30.7
    Galinsoga ciliata G O 30.9
    Galinsoga ciliata G R 51.3
    Galium odoratum G O 96.9
    Gaultheria hispidula G R 70.9
    Gaultheria hispidula G O 82.2
    Gaultheria procumbens G O 69.6
    Glechoma hederacea G O 94.0
    Glycine max G R 76.1
    Glycine max G O 100.0
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G R 33.3
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G O 94.5
    Guizotia abyssinica G R 41.5
    Guizotia abyssinica G O 95.4
    Hamamelis virginiana G O 79.7
    Hamamelis virginiana G R 90.8
    Helianthus strumosus G R 31.7
    Helianthus strumosus G O 39.4
    Helianthus tuberosus G R 31.5
    Helianthus tuberosus G O 70.6
    Helichrysum thianschanicum G R 40.4
    Helichrysum thianschanicum G O 69.2
    Helleborus niger G R 43.8
    Helleborus niger G O 90.6
    Hordeum hexastichon G R 22.6
    Hordeum hexastichon G O 86.0
    Hyssopus officinalis G R 25.8
    Inula helenium G O 82.2
    Lactuca sativa G R 28.5
    Lactuca sativa G O 95.5
    Lathyrus sylvestris G R 22.1
    Lathyrus sylvestris G O 79.5
    Laurus nobilis G R 49.6
    Laurus nobilis G O 72.3
    Lavandula angustifolia G O 57.6
    Lavandula angustifolia G R 65.2
    Ledum groenlandicum G R 35.1
    Ledum groenlandicum G O 97.9
    Leonurus cardiaca G O 99.9
    Cichorium intybus G O 95.8
    Circium arvense G O 73.0
    Circium arvense G R 96.5
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi G O 57.4
    Cornus canadensis G O 62.5
    Cornus canadensis G R 68.0
    Crataegus submollis G O 58.3
    Crataegus submollis G R 73.2
    Cymbopogon citratus G R 65.5
    Cymbopogon citratus G O 70.9
    Cyperus esculentus G O 85.0
    Daucus carota G R 23.3
    Melilotus alba G R 96.9
    Melilotus alba G O 99.0
    Melissa officinalis G O 33.2
    Melissa officinalis G R 90.6
    Mentha piperita G O 41.8
    Mentha pulegium G O 38.7
    Mentha spicata G R 32.7
    Mentha spicata G O 80.1
    Mentha suaveolens G O 55.7
    Nepeta cataria G R 93.1
    Ocimum basilicum G O 75.6
    Oenothera biennis G R 42.9
    Oenothera biennis G O 86.1
    Origanum majorana G O 65.8
    Origanum vulgare G O 89.6
    Origanum vulgare G R 92.3
    Oryza Sativa G O 95.6
    Oxalis Deppei G O 86.3
    Oxalis Deppei G R 87.8
    Oxyria digyna G R 20.8
    Oxyria digyna G O 89.3
    Panax quinquefolius G R 52.7
    Panicum miliaceum G R 31.5
    Panicum miliaceum G O 94.4
    Passiflora caerulae G R 21.1
    Passiflora caerulae G O 60.6
    Pastinaca sativa G O 72.8
    Pennisetum alopecuroides G R 30.6
    Petasites japonicus G O 81.6
    Petroselinum crispum G R 62.9
    Petroselinum crispum G O 76.3
    Phalaris canariensis G O 22.0
    Phalaris canariensis G R 36.7
    Phaseolus vulgaris G R 65.5
    Phaseolus vulgaris G O 88.2
    Pimpinella anisum G O 46.2
    Pisum sativum G O 52.5
    Plantago major G R 29.0
    Plantago major G O 96.3
    Plectranthus sp. G R 54.5
    Polygonum aviculare G O 29.6
    Portulaca oleracera G R 50.9
    Potentilla anserina G O 92.5
    Poterium sanquisorba G O 74.2
    Prunella vulgaris G O 77.1
    Prunella vulgaris G R 91.8
    Pteridium aquilinum G O 87.5
    Levisticum officinale G R 75.1
    Levisticum officinale G O 92.5
    Lotus corniculatus G R 25.7
    Lotus corniculatus G O 98.5
    Lupinus polyphyllus G O 94.5
    Lupinus polyphyllus G R 99.9
    Lycopersicon esculentum G R 70.0
    Lycopersicon esculentum G O 90.2
    Malus hupehensis G R 44.8
    Malus hupehensis G O 82.9
    Medicago sativa G R 26.2
    Medicago sativa G O 99.2
    Ruta graveolens G R 46.4
    Ruta graveolens G O 84.6
    Salix purpurea G O 32.4
    Salix purpurea G R 95.3
    Salvia elegans G O 57.0
    Salvia officinalis G O 65.8
    Salvia officinalis G R 94.9
    Salvia sclarea G O 58.5
    Sambucus ebulus G R 32.1
    Sambucus ebulus G O 67.7
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G R 49.3
    Saponaria officinalis G R 22.3
    Saponaria officinalis G O 88.5
    Satureja hortensis G O 73.3
    Satureja montana G O 74.8
    Scorzonera hispanica G R 43.1
    Scorzonera hispanica G O 52.1
    Scutellaria lateriflora G O 92.0
    Secale cereale G R 23.7
    Senecio vulgaris G R 29.1
    Setaria italica G R 21.9
    Setaria italica G O 83.2
    Silene vulgaris G R 24.1
    Stum sisarum G R 37.9
    Sium sisarum G O 100.0
    solanum melongena G R 22.7
    Solanum tuberosum G R 50.2
    Solanum tuberosum G O 73.3
    Solidago sp G R 32.8
    Solidago sp G O 87.3
    Sonchus oleraceus G R 37.8
    Sonchus oleraceus G O 48.1
    Sorghum dochna G R 43.1
    Sorghum dochna G O 91.3
    sorghum durra G R 56.4
    sorghum durra G O 63.2
    Sorghum sudanense G R 56.1
    Sorghum sudanense G O 89.7
    Stachys Affinis G R 27.9
    Stachys byzantina G R 42.8
    Stachys byzantina G O 72.1
    Stellaria graminea G R 39.7
    Stellaria media G R 27.9
    Stellaria media G O 50.0
    Symphytum officinale G O 43.5
    Symphytum officinale G R 74.2
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium G O 72.2
    Rhaphanus sativus G R 24.0
    Rhaphanus sativus G O 85.0
    Rheum rhabarbarum G R 22.9
    Rheum rhabarbarum G O 85.5
    Ribes nidigrolaria G O 59.7
    Ribes nigrum G O 80.4
    Ribes nigrum G R 81.5
    Ribes Sylvestre G O 91.7
    Ricinus communis G R 27.0
    Ricinus communis G O 98.3
    Rosmarinus officinalis G O 27.5
    Rubus idaeus G R 38.7
    Rubus idaeus G O 51.2
    Rumex crispus G R 37.1
    Rumex crispus G O 95.0
    Rumex scutatus G O 88.5
    Tiarella cordifolia G O 88.4
    Tropaelum majus G O 76.8
    Typha latifolia G O 76.4
    Typha latifolia G R 82.9
    Vaccinium corymbosum G R 72.1
    Vaccinium corymbosum G O 95.4
    Vaccinium macrocarpon G O 95.3
    Veratrum viride G O 80.8
    Verbascum thapsus G R 27.3
    Verbascum thapsus G O 91.3
    Viburnum trilobum G O 68.5
    Viburnum trilobum G R 72.6
    Vicia sativa G R 32.2
    Vicia sativa G O 96.8
    Vicia villosa G R 29.7
    Vicia villosa G O 98.7
    Vinca minor G O 35.8
    Vitis sp. G R 77.5
    Vitis sp. G O 99.8
    Zea mays G O 54.2
    Zea mays G R 56.0
    Perilla frutescens T R 83.5
    Achillea millefolium T O 89.0
    Aconitum napellus T O 63.6
    Acorus calamus T O 94.2
    Actinidia arguta T R 52.4
    Actinidia arguta T O 84.8
    Adiantum pedatum T O 92.2
    Agrimonia eupatoria T O 39.2
    Agropyron rupens T O 97.3
    Alchemilla mollis T O 85.2
    Alchemilla mollis T R 96.8
    Allium ampeloprasum T R 33.5
    Allium ampeloprasum T O 94.1
    Allium cepa T R 54.4
    Allium cepa T O 100.0
    Allium sativum T O 76.5
    Allium schoenoprasum T O 87.0
    Allium tuberosum T R 53.6
    Allium tuberosum T O 98.7
    Aloe vera T R 43.7
    Aloe vera T O 79.9
    Althaea officinalis T O 95.8
    Tanacetum parthenium G R 67.9
    Tanacetum vulgare G R 49.5
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 97.8
    Taraxacum officinale G R 45.4
    taraxacum officinale G O 100.0
    Teucrium chamaedrys G R 61.7
    Teucrium chamaedrys G O 89.8
    Thymus fragantissimus G O 64.0
    Thymus fragantissimus G R 85.4
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G R 28.3
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus G O 39.1
    Thymus serpyllum G R 28.4
    Thymus serpyllum G O 90.3
    Thymus vulgaris G R 69.0
    Thymus vulgaris G O 70.6
    Thymus x citriodorus G O 70.7
    Asclepias incarnata T R 86.7
    Aster T O 34.1
    Aster sp T R 46.8
    Aster sp T O 49.7
    Atropa belladonna T O 71.7
    Avena sativa T R 40.4
    Beta vulgaris T O 30.6
    Beta vulgaris T R 41.7
    Borago officinalis T R 59.2
    Borago officinalis T O 76.5
    Brassica napus T R 35.8
    Brassica Napus T O 91.9
    Brassica nigra T R 24.3
    Brassica oleracea T O 83.8
    Bromus inermis T O 69.6
    Bromus inermis T R 91.2
    Calendula officinalis T R 34.5
    Canna edulis T R 20.5
    Canna edulis T O 73.5
    Capsella bursa-pastoris T R 32.1
    Capsella bursa-pastoris T O 75.1
    Carex morrowii T R 44.0
    Carex morrowii T O 94.3
    Carum carvi T R 20.5
    Cerastium tomentosum T R 36.8
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T R 23.0
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T O 80.2
    Chelidonium majus T O 94.3
    Chenopodium quinoa T O 48.2
    Chenopodium quinoa T R 48.3
    Cicer arietinum T R 25.6
    Cicer arietinum T O 81.7
    Cichorium endivia subsp endivia T R 20.8
    Cichorium endivia subsp endivia T O 95.5
    Cichorium intybus T R 20.4
    Cichorium intybus T O 96.0
    Circium arvense T R 58.3
    Circium arvense T O 79.6
    Citrullus colocynthis T R 41.2
    Citrullus colocynthis T O 84.9
    Coriandrum sativum T O 38.4
    Coriandrum sativum T R 48.8
    Cornus canadensis T O 32.1
    Amaranthus caudathus T R 20.7
    Amaranthus caudathus T O 69.3
    Amaranthus retroflexus T R 32.4
    angelica archangelica T R 44.2
    angelica archangelica T O 55.7
    Anthriscus cerefolium T O 96.1
    Apium graveolens T R 30.3
    Aralia nudicaulis T R 68.2
    Aralia nudicaulis T O 97.8
    Arctium minus T O 92.9
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T O 72.0
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T R 79.8
    Armoracia rusticana T O 88.0
    Aronia melanocarpa T R 74.9
    Aronia melanocarpa T O 80.0
    Artemisia absinthium T O 41.7
    Artemisia absinthium T R 96.1
    Artemisia dracunculus T O 96.2
    Artium lappa T O 21.1
    Asclepias incarnata T O 81.5
    Fragaria x ananassa T O 44.3
    Galinsoga ciliata T R 49.4
    Galinsoga ciliata T O 56.9
    Galium odoratum T R 59.4
    Galium odoratum T O 95.3
    Gaultheria hispidula T R 37.9
    Gaultheria hispidula T O 78.5
    Gaultheria procumbens T O 85.7
    Glechoma hederacea T O 95.9
    Glycine max T O 96.8
    Glycine max T R 32.8
    Glycine max T O 100.0
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T R 70.2
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T O 90.3
    Guizotia abyssinica T R 34.4
    Guizotia abyssinica T O 97.9
    Hamamelis virginiana T R 72.1
    Hamamelis virginiana T O 77.1
    Hedeoma pulegioides T O 34.7
    Helianthus strumosus T R 20.6
    Helianthus strumosus T O 57.2
    Helianthus tuberosa T O 61.0
    Helianthus tuberosus T R 46.9
    Helichrysum angustifolium T O 23.5
    Helichrysum angustifolium T R 94.5
    Helichrysum thianschanicum T R 98.1
    Helleborus niger T O 26.2
    Humulus lupulus T R 38.0
    Humulus lupulus T O 93.8
    Hyoscyamus niger T O 41.5
    Hyssopus officinalis T R 44.6
    Inula helenium T O 97.6
    Juniperus communis T R 80.0
    Koeleria glauca T O 94.7
    Koeleria glauca T R 99.4
    Lactuca sativa T O 94.0
    Lathyrus Sativus T R 24.0
    Lathyrus Sativus T O 33.0
    Lathyrus sylvestris T O 43.1
    Cornus canadensis T R 80.2
    Crataegus sp T R 22.9
    Crataegus submollis T O 81.5
    Cryptotaenia canadensis T R 20.9
    Cymbopogon citratus T R 40.5
    Cymbopogon citratus T O 77.0
    Cyperus esculentus T R 20.9
    Cyperus esculentus T O 72.0
    Dirca palustris T R 67.1
    Dirca palustris T O 82.2
    Dryopteris filix-mas T O 23.9
    Echinacea purpurea T O 92.2
    Eleusine coracana T R 30.0
    Erysimum perofskianum T R 81.7
    Erysimum perofskianum T O 98.8
    Fagopyrum esculentum T O 35.5
    Fagopyrum tararicum T O 40.0
    Fagopyrum tataricum T R 30.1
    Foeniculum vulgare T O 21.0
    Fpomoea batatas T O 98.6
    Menyanthes trifoliata T O 64.3
    Miscanthus sinensis Andress T R 36.1
    Miscanthus sinensis Andress T O 66.6
    Nepeta cataria T O 23.6
    Ocimum Basilicum T O 81.3
    Oenothera biennis T R 35.7
    Oenothera biennis T O 75.6
    Onobrychis viciifolia T R 44.5
    Onobrychis viciifolia T O 90.7
    Origanum vulgare T R 76.5
    Origanum vulgare T O 82.9
    Oryza sativa T O 51.4
    Oxalis Deppei T R 48.4
    Oxalis Deppei T O 73.4
    oxyria digyna T R 23.6
    oxyria digyna T O 92.5
    Panax quinquefolius T O 24.8
    Panax quinquefolius T R 36.6
    Panicum miliaceum T R 26.9
    Passiflora caerulea T R 55.3
    Passiflora caerulea T O 77.6
    Pastinaca sativa T O 49.2
    Pastinaca sativa T O 82.9
    Pennisetum alopecuroides T O 74.9
    Petasites Japonicus T R 22.9
    Petasites Japonicus T O 79.5
    Petroselinum crispum T O 61.1
    Petroselinum crispum T O 83.7
    Petroselinum crispum T R 99.0
    Phalaris canariensis T R 29.5
    Phalaris canariensis T O 67.2
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 93.1
    Physalis pruinosa T O 64.2
    Pimpinella anisum T R 59.0
    Pimpinella anisum T O 88.5
    Pisum sativum T O 75.4
    Plantago major T O 99.6
    Plectranthus sp. T R 49.4
    Podophyllum peltatum T O 87.3
    Laurus nobilis T R 51.7
    Lauras nobilis T O 87.2
    Lavandula latifolia T R 75.5
    Lavendula angustifolia T R 81.9
    Ledum groenlandicum T R 45.9
    Ledum groenlandicum T O 99.5
    Lens culinaris subsp. Culinaris T R 28.0
    Lens culinaris subsp. Culinaris T O 97.6
    Levisticum officinale T R 51.4
    Levisticum officinale T O 87.8
    Lotus corniculatus T R 53.7
    Lotus corniculatus T O 97.4
    Lupinus polyphyllus T O 95.8
    Lupinus polyphyllus T R 99.3
    Luzula sylvatica T R 29.5
    Malus hupehensis T R 58.7
    Malus hupehensis T O 62.5
    Malus spp. T O 25.7
    Malva sylvestris T O 73.5
    Medicago sativa T R 46.2
    Medicago sativa T O 94.9
    Melilotus officinalis T O 99.4
    Melissa officinalis T R 91.0
    Mentha piperita T O 86.8
    Ruta graveolens T O 68.5
    Salix purpurea T R 37.1
    Salix purpurea T O 46.1
    Salvia officinalis T O 67.7
    Salvia officinalis T R 91.1
    Sambucus canadensis T R 35.7
    Sambucus canadensis T O 99.0
    Sanguisorba minor T O 90.6
    Santolina T O 62.7
    Santolina T R 73.4
    Saponaria officinalis T O 93.2
    Satureja hortensis T R 43.1
    Satureja hortensis T O 87.9
    Satureja montana T R 55.1
    Satureja montana T O 79.2
    Satureja repandra T R 49.7
    Satureja repandra T O 73.3
    Scorzorera hipanica T O 63.3
    Scuttellaria lateriflora T O 29.3
    Setaria italica T R 20.8
    Silene vulgaris T O 96.8
    Sium sisarum T R 27.4
    Slum sisarum T O 88.8
    Solanum melongens T R 21.9
    Solidago sp T R 45.9
    Solidago sp T O 74.0
    Sonchus oleraceus T R 22.7
    Sonchus oleraceus T O 38.1
    Sorghum caffrorum T O 57.0
    Sorghum caffrorum T R 74.0
    Sorghum dochna T O 44.3
    Sorghum dochna T O 65.8
    Sorghum dochna T R 70.7
    Sorghum dochna T R 89.0
    Sorghum durra T R 39.6
    Polygonum aviculare T R 32.8
    Polygonum aviculare T O 53.9
    Potentilla anserina T O 94.9
    Prunella vulgaris T O 76.4
    Prunella vulgaris T R 94.7
    Pteridium aquilinum T O 90.1
    Raphanus raphanistrum T R 39.5
    Raphanus raphanistrum T O 91.0
    Raphanus sativus T O 79.1
    Ribes nigrum T R 89.6
    Rites nigrum T O 95.4
    Ribes Sylvestre T R 20.1
    Ribes Sylvestre T O 97.4
    Ricinus communis T R 26.5
    Ricinus communis T O 92.4
    Rosa rugosa T O 41.6
    Rubus canadensis T O 96.4
    Rubus idaeus T R 44.8
    Rubus idaeus T O 88.7
    Rumes scutatus T O 88.7
    Rumex acetosella T R 40.9
    Rumex acetosella T O 90.9
    Rumex crispus T R 33.4
    Rumex crispus T O 89.3
    Triticum aestivum T R 26.6
    Triticum aestivum T O 42.6
    Tropaeolum majus T R 21.4
    Tropaeolum majus T O 81.5
    Typha latifolia T O 44.8
    Typha latifolia T R 72.5
    Urtica dioica T R 35.2
    Urtica dioica T O 62.9
    Vaccinium angustifolium T R 27.4
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T R 78.0
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T O 87.8
    Veratrum viride T O 90.2
    Verbascum thapsus T O 84.3
    Viburnum trilobum T R 45.2
    Viburnum trilobum T O 70.0
    Vicia sativa T O 99.0
    Vicia villosa T R 44.2
    Vicia villosa T O 98.3
    Vinca minor T O 21.5
    Vitis sp. T O 99.9
    Zea mays T R 31.7
    Zea mays T O 90.2
    Sorghum durra T O 76.5
    Sorghum sudanense T O 40.5
    Stachys affinis T R 67.2
    Stachys affinis T O 86.6
    Stachys byzantina T R 85.7
    Stellaria graminea T O 43.3
    Stellaria graminea linné T R 39.2
    Stellaria media T R 21.1
    Stipa capillata T R 24.2
    Symphytum officinale T R 64.4
    Tanacetum parthenium T R 62.2
    Tanacetum vulgare T R 42.5
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 97.5
    Taraxacum officinale T R 47.5
    Taraxacum officinale T O 100.0
    Teucrium chamaedrys T R 40.0
    Thymus fragantissimus T O 93.7
    Thymus fragantissimus T R 97.3
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus T O 46.0
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T R 74.3
    Thymus serpyllum T O 88.6
    Thymus X citriodorus T R 66.4
    Thymus X citriodorus T O 97.8
    Tiarella cordifolia T O 94.9
    Tragopogon porrifolius T R 45.0
    Tragopogon porrifolius T O 72.0
    Triticosecale spp T R 27.8
    Triticosecale spp T O 87.8
  • [0154]
    TABLE 10
    HLE
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Achillea millefolium A O 21.9
    Achillea millefolium A S 24.5
    Aconitum napellus A O 25.8
    Adiantum pedatum A R 27.6
    Agrimonia eupatoria A V 26.0
    Agropyron cristatum A R 21.0
    Agropyron repens A S 23.4
    Agropyron repens A R 28.2
    Agropyron repens A S 39.8
    Agrostis Stofonifera A O 38.9
    Alchemilla mollis A V 27.9
    Alchemilla mollis A O 66.0
    Alchemilla mollis A R 100.0
    Alchemilla mollis A S 23.5
    Alkanna tinctoria A S 26.2
    Allium Tuberosum A S 57.9
    Aloe vera A O 20.5
    Ambrosia artemisiifolia A O 29.1
    Amelanchier sanguinea A W 96.5
    Amelanchier sanguinea A V 52.4
    Anethum graveolens A O 32.1
    Anethum graveolens A W 22.8
    Angelica archangelica A S 39.2
    Anthemis nobilis A O 37.6
    Anthemis nobilis A S 26.4
    Anthemis tinctoria A O 31.9
    Anthemis tinctoria A S 38.4
    Apium graveolens A S 49.2
    Arctium minus A O 46.4
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi A R 100.0
    Aronia melanocarpa A O 21.9
    Aronia melanocarpa A W 78.4
    Aronia melanocarpa A V 100.0
    Aronia melanocarpa A R 29.0
    Aronia melanocarpa A O 33.6
    Artemisia dracunculus A W 89.2
    Ludoviciana A O 33.4
    Ludoviciana A S 20.7
    Aster sp A R 26.2
    Beta vulgaris A R 100.0
    Beta vulgaris spp. Maritima A R 92.2
    Borago officinalis A S 22.6
    Brassica napus A S 68.3
    Brassica napus A R 29.5
    Brassica nigra A S 32.6
    Brassica oleracea A O 22.9
    Brassica oleracea A V 20.8
    Brassica oleracea A R 22.2
    Brassica rapa A S 23.2
    Brassica rapa A R 26.9
    Bromus inermis A O 34.1
    Bromus inermis A R 21.9
    Calamintha nepeta A O 35.4
    Canna edulis A O 56.4
    Canna edulis A R 21.4
    Carum carvi A O 24.2
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum A O 25.5
    chenopodium bonus-henricus A R 24.0
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus A S 85.8
    Citrullus lanatus A R 26.3
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi A S 86.1
    Cosmos sulphureus A O 33.8
    Cosmos sulphureus A S 20.7
    Crataegus sp A O 84.1
    Crataegus sp A R 23.6
    Crataegus sp A S 21.7
    Crataegus submollis A S 34.0
    Cryptotaenia canadensis A V 22.1
    Cucumis anguria A O 26.2
    Cucumis Anguria A R 53.4
    Cucumis melo A S 53.6
    Cucumis sativus A R 53.3
    Curcuma zedoaria A O 24.3
    Cymbopogon citratus A S 91.2
    Datisca cannabina A S 55.7
    Daucus carota A R 100.0
    Daucus carota A V 24.7
    Daucus carota A O 37.9
    Digitalis purpurea A S 34.0
    Dirca palustris A R 20.3
    Dirca palustris A S 27.9
    Dolichos Lablab A R 21.5
    Dryopteris filix-mas A R 58.8
    Dryopteris filix-mas A S 22.0
    Echinacea purpurea A O 38.2
    Echinacea purpurea A S 28.1
    Eleusine coracana A S 20.7
    Erigeron canadensis A O 29.6
    Fagopyrum esculentum A S 29.3
    Fagopyrum tataricum A S 24.4
    Foeniculum vulgare A O 25.1
    Fragaria Xananassa A O 22.3
    Fragaria Xananassa A W 100.0
    Fragaria Xananassa A V 21.4
    Fragaria Xananassa A S 29.4
    Fragaria Xananassa A V 21.6
    Galinsoga ciliata A R 61.6
    Galium odoratum A R 21.0
    Gaultheria hispidula A O 33.7
    Gentiana lutea A R 52.1
    Glechoma hederacea A O 21.8
    Glycine Max A S 81.3
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A W 100.0
    Glycyrrhiza glabra A S 63.3
    Guizotia abyssinica A R 36.9
    Hamamelis virginiana A R 100.0
    Helianthus Tuberosus A S 32.1
    Heliotropium arborescens A R 22.8
    Heliotropium arborescens A S 24.9
    Helleborus niger A S 25.6
    Hordeum vulgare A O 58.1
    Hypericum perforatum A S 24.8
    Hyssopus officinalis A O 21.1
    Hyssopus officinalis A S 93.6
    Lactuca serriola A S 34.3
    Laurus nobilis A W 100.0
    Lavandula latifolia A W 57.1
    Lavandula latifolia A O 43.7
    Chenopodium quinoa A S 50.4
    Chrysanthemum coronarium A O 26.0
    Cicer arietinum A S 23.3
    Cichorium intybus A S 32.1
    Lolium multiflorum A O 31.0
    Lolium perenne A O 20.8
    Lolium perenne A R 21.7
    Lolium perenne A S 22.1
    Malva sylvestris A S 22.9
    Matricaria recutita A O 28.5
    Melaleuca alternifolia A O 21.9
    Melissa officinalis A S 23.4
    Mentha piperita A O 31.6
    Mentha piperita A W 33.2
    Mentha pulegium A O 42.2
    Mentha pulegium A V 21.5
    Mentha pulegium A S 33.8
    Mentha spicata A O 24.3
    Oenothera biennis A O 25.2
    Oenothera biennis A R 78.8
    Origanum majorana A V 37.4
    Oxyria digyna A V 28.2
    Panicum miliaceum A O 33.3
    Peucedanum cervaria A R 23.4
    Phalaris arundinacea A R 22.4
    Phalaris canariensis A O 27.6
    Phaseolus coccineus A S 28.3
    Phaseolus mungo A R 37.8
    Phaseolus vulgaris A O 24.3
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A S 74.3
    Phleum pratense A R 27.8
    Physalis ixocarpa A O 21.5
    Physalis ixocarpa A S 26.5
    Physalis Pruinosa A S 60.2
    Phytolacca americana A S 100.0
    Plantago coronopus A O 21.1
    Plantago coronopus A S 25.7
    Plantago major A O 26.0
    Plectranthus sp. A O 23.1
    Poa pratensis A O 21.7
    Polygonum aviculare A R 79.7
    Portulaca olevcae A O 34.5
    Poterium sanguisorba A R 25.8
    Poterium sanguisorba A O 34.6
    Poterium sanguisorba A W 31.0
    Pteridium aquilinum A R 54.4
    Raphanus sativus A S 66.4
    Raphanus sativus A R 81.8
    Rheum officinale A S 37.9
    Ribes nigrum A W 100.0
    Ribes nigrum A S 47.6
    Ribes nigrum A V 27.5
    Ribes rubrum A R 35.4
    Ribes Sylvestre A W 100.0
    Rosa rugosa A W 95.1
    Rosa rugosa A R 24.6
    Rosmarinus officinalis A R 58.4
    Rubus idaeus A W 27.6
    Rubus idaeus A S 33.0
    Lavandula latifolia A S 42.2
    Leonurus cardiaca A R 100.0
    Lepidium sativum A O 100.0
    Saccharum officinarum A R 23.8
    Salvia elegans A O 100.0
    Salvia officinalis A O 95.7
    Salvia officinalis A W 77.9
    Salvia officinalis A R 83.7
    Salvia officinalis A S 20.5
    Salvia sclarea A O 100.0
    Salvia sclarea A V 28.6
    Santolina chamaecyparissus A O 27.1
    Satureja montana A W 23.2
    Satureja montana A S 27.7
    Scorzonera hispanica A R 60.1
    Scutellaria lateriflora A S 45.9
    Senecio vulgaris A R 34.0
    Sonchus oleraceus A O 29.1
    Sorghum dochna A O 21.1
    Sorghum dochna A V 24.4
    Sorghum durra A O 23.4
    Sorghum durra A V 23.6
    Spinacia oleracea A S 26.8
    Stellaria graminea A O 24.8
    Symphytum officinale A O 91.6
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium A R 28.3
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 46.3
    Tanacetum vulgare A S 33.7
    Taraxacum officinale A W 26.4
    Taraxacum officinale A V 24.0
    Taraxacum officinale A O 21.0
    Teucrium chamaedrys A O 37.0
    Thymus fragantissimus A W 20.2
    Thymus herba-barona A W 20.8
    Thymus vulgaris A R 77.9
    Thymus vulgaris A W 23.6
    Thymus x citriodorus A W 21.3
    Thymus x citriodorus A S 21.1
    Trichosanthes kirilowii A O 23.2
    Trigonella foenum graecum A S 32.0
    Triticum durum A S 22.0
    Triticum turgidum A O 60.0
    Triticum spelta A S 47.6
    Urtica dioica A O 33.3
    Vaccinium augustifolium A W 42.6
    Vaccinium Corymbosum A W 22.4
    Vaccinium Corymbosum A S 21.6
    Vaccinium macrocarpon A W 22.5
    Vaccinium macrocarpon A S 54.8
    Valerianella locusta A O 49.2
    Veronica officinalis A O 43.7
    Viburnum trilobum Marsh. A W 75.4
    Vitis A S 33.8
    Vitis A W 100.0
    Vitis A O 21.0
    Zea Mays A S 95.2
    Achillea millefolium G O 28.8
    Achillea millefolium G S 27.3
    Aconitum napellus G O 23.1
    Rubus idaeus A R 27.9
    Rubus idaeus A O 37.4
    Rumex Acetosa A S 45.2
    Rumex crispus A O 26.1
    Rumex crispus A R 100.0
    Rumex Scutatus A V 43.8
    Ruta graveolens A O 28.7
    Saccharum officinarum A O 29.6
    Alchemilla mollis G W 20.6
    Alchemilla mollis G O 56.1
    Alchemilla mollis G R 28.1
    Alchemilla mollis G S 25.3
    Allium cepa G O 20.2
    Allium sativum G O 100.0
    Allium tuberosum G O 100.0
    Althaea officinalis G S 30.8
    Amaranthus caudatus G S 22.3
    Amelanchier sanguinea G W 88.3
    Anethum graveolens G O 26.2
    Angelica archangelica G S 43.2
    Anthemis nobilis G S 21.7
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G O 33.1
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G R 100.0
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G S 23.4
    Armoracia rusticana G O 22.5
    Aronia melanocarpa G W 79.0
    Aronia melanocarpa G V 100.0
    Aronia melanocarpa G S 22.7
    Aronia melanocarpa G O 29.6
    Artemisia absinthium G O 31.5
    Artemisia absinthium G V 24.2
    Aster G S 29.2
    Beckmannia eruciformis G O 22.7
    Beta vulgaris G R 100.0
    Betula glandulosa G S 26.7
    Borago officinalis G O 25.7
    Brassica Napus G S 50.4
    Brassica napus G R 48.2
    Brassica nigra G S 23.9
    Brassica oleracea G R 28.1
    Brassica oleracea G S 22.5
    Brassica rapa G R 56.4
    Calamintha nepeta G V 24.8
    Calamintha nepeta G O 38.8
    Canna edulis G O 66.3
    Capsella bursa-pastoris G R 25.8
    Carthamus tinctorius G R 22.2
    Chelidonium majus G O 31.6
    Chenopodium album G S 21.3
    Cichorium endivia subsp. Endivia G S 21.4
    Cicer arietinum G S 50.7
    Cichorium endivia subsp. Endivia G O 48.5
    Cichorium endivia subsp. Endivia G S 27.9
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi G O 24.5
    Cornus canadensis G S 36.1
    Crataegus sp G W 57.8
    Cucurbita Pepo G R 23.1
    Curcuma zedoaria G O 24.0
    Datura metel G O 21.0
    Aconitum napellus G R 97.7
    Acorus calamus G S 20.0
    Adiantum pedatum G R 100.0
    Agastache foeniculum G W 25.3
    Ageratum conyzoides G O 28.5
    Agropyron cristatum G R 37.3
    Agropyron repens G R 31.4
    Fagopyrum esculentum G S 32.9
    Fagopyrum tataricum G S 41.2
    Foeniculum vulgare G V 25.7
    Foeniculum vulgare G S 42.5
    Foeniculum Vulgare G O 24.1
    Galinsoga ciliata G S 25.0
    Galium odoratum G R 89.4
    Gaultheria hispidula G O 35.1
    Gaultheria hispidula G R 67.2
    Gaultheria procumbens G S 74.7
    Glycine max G R 24.6
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G W 56.8
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G V 30.0
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G R 92.4
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G S 28.6
    Hamamelis virginiana G R 100.0
    Hamamelis virginiana G S 29.3
    Hedeoma pulegioides G O 60.0
    Helenium hoopesii G O 37.3
    Helenium hoopesii G S 34.7
    Helianthus tuberosus G V 21.4
    Helichrysum thianschanicum G O 43.0
    Helichrysum thianschanicum G R 39.2
    Heliotropium arborescens G R 22.8
    Heliotropium arborescens G S 39.5
    Helleborus niger G S 34.2
    Hypericum henryi G S 23.7
    Hypericum perforatum G S 23.8
    Hyssopus officinalis G W 45.1
    Hyssopus officinalis G S 24.2
    Inula helenium G W 96.2
    Ipomola batatas G V 21.9
    Lactuca sativa G W 35.1
    Laportea canadensis G O 25.1
    Laportea canadensis G S 26.5
    Laserpitium latifolium G S 22.1
    Lathyrus sativus G O 29.9
    Lathyrus sativus G W 27.8
    Lathyrus sativus G S 28.1
    Laurus nobilis G W 100.0
    Lavandula angustifolia G O 65.7
    Ledum groenlandicum G O 100.0
    Leonorus cardiaca G R 61.3
    Lepidium sativum G O 100.0
    Levisticum officinale G W 91.4
    Lolium perenne G O 37.3
    Lotus tetragonolobus G S 21.8
    Lupinus polyphyllus G O 42.3
    Malus hupehensis G S 25.9
    Medicago sativa G S 32.1
    Melaleuca alternifolia G O 40.0
    Melissa officinalis G S 23.1
    Daucus carota G O 32.3
    Daucus carrota G R 90.9
    Dipsacus sativus G O 32.7
    Dirca palustris G S 33.5
    Dolichos Lablab G R 32.1
    Dryopteris filix-mas G R 80.9
    Echinacea purpurea G S 63.0
    Elymus Junceus G R 25.9
    Erigeron canadensis G O 43.0
    Erigeron speciosus G O 22.8
    Erigeron speciosus G S 24.2
    Erysimum perofskianum G O 20.8
    Ocimum basilicum G O 40.1
    Ocimum basilicum G S 27.9
    Oenothera biennis G O 26.3
    Oenothera biennis G R 100.0
    Oenothera biennis G O 49.6
    Oenothera biennis G S 54.0
    Origanum vulgare G W 100.0
    Origanum vulgare G O 26.7
    Origanum vulgare G S 21.3
    Oryza Sativa G S 34.5
    Oxalis Deppei Lodd. G O 27.4
    Panicum miliaceum G O 25.3
    Pastinaca sativa G R 95.0
    Petroselinum crispum G R 44.5
    Petroselinum crispum G S 26.5
    Peucedanum cervaria G R 25.1
    Phaseolus coccineus G R 30.9
    Phaseolus coccineus G O 27.5
    Phaseolus mungo G R 24.3
    Phlox paniculata G S 37.9
    Physalis pruinosa G S 26.5
    Phytolacca americana G S 100.0
    Pimpinella anisum G S 23.7
    Plantago coronopus G O 25.1
    Plantago major G O 25.0
    Plantago major G R 20.5
    Plantago major G S 23.6
    Poa compressa G O 28.5
    Poa pratensis G O 37.5
    Polygonum aviculare G R 25.4
    Polygonum pensylvanicum G O 21.3
    Portulaca oleracea G O 28.0
    Poterium sanguisorba G O 25.6
    Poterium sanguisorba G V 21.9
    Prunella vulgaris G O 23.4
    Pteridium aquilinum G R 43.1
    Reseda odorata G O 46.5
    Rhaphanus sativus G S 32.6
    Rheum X cultorum G S 20.9
    Ribes nidigrolaria G W 29.8
    Ribes nidigrolaria G V 53.7
    Ribes nigrum G V 20.3
    Ribes Silvestre G W 91.6
    Ricinus communis G S 46.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis G R 60.4
    Rubus idaeus G W 28.2
    Rubus occidentalis G R 93.6
    Mentha arvensis G S 65.5
    Mentha piperita G O 24.2
    Mentha piperita G S 23.7
    Mentha piperita G V 34.2
    Mentha pulegium G O 63.3
    Mentha pulegium G V 30.2
    Mentha spicata G S 45.9
    Monarda didyma G S 47.7
    Nepeta cataria G R 100.0
    Nicotiana tabacum G O 75.8
    Hordeum vulgare subsp. Vulgare G O 33.4
    Sambucus ebulus G R 48.6
    Sanguisorba officinalis G R 100.0
    Santolina chamaecyparissus G O 100.0
    Serratula tinctoria G S 56.8
    Satureja montana G O 34.1
    Scolymus hispanicus G R 37.9
    Scutellaria lateriflora G S 54.7
    Senecio vulgaris G R 35.3
    Solidago sp G S 22.6
    Sonchus oleraceus G O 23.7
    Sorghum caffrorum G V 27.1
    Sorghum dochna G S 40.7
    Sorghum dochna G O 21.4
    Sorghum sudanense G V 23.3
    Sorghum sudanense G W 92.9
    Stellaria graminea G O 25.4
    Stellaria media G O 30.4
    Stellaria media G R 22.0
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 57.3
    Tanacetum vulgare G S 38.4
    Tanacetum vulgare G O 38.2
    Tanacetum vulgare G W 26.3
    Taraxacum officinale G V 20.0
    taraxacum officinale G O 28.0
    Thymus fragantissimus G R 79.9
    Thymus fragantissimus G O 26.2
    Thymus herba-barona G W 20.2
    Thymus serpyllum G V 22.2
    Triticosecale spp. G S 29.7
    Triticum durum G S 37.8
    Triticum spelta G O 31.0
    Triticum spelta G S 37.9
    Typha latifolia G S 27.5
    Urtica dioica G O 60.3
    Vaccinium corymbosum G S 33.2
    Vaccinium angustifolium G S 43.7
    Vaccinium macrocarpon G W 57.8
    Vaccinium macrocarpon G S 59.9
    Valerianella locusta G O 32.1
    Veratrum viride G O 22.1
    Verbascum thapsus G S 33.8
    Viburnum trilobum G V 21.3
    Viburnum trilobum G W 73.0
    Vicia faba G S 21.2
    Vigna unguiculata G R 20.1
    Vitis G V 26.0
    Vitis G W 66.1
    Vitis G O 41.7
    Rubus occidentalis G O 40.0
    Rumex acetosella G V 24.3
    Rumex crispus G R 100.0
    Rumex patientia G O 32.0
    Rumex scutatus G V 28.6
    Ruta graveolens G S 23.4
    Saccharum officinarum G O 30.2
    Salix purpurea G S 24.8
    Salvia elegans G O 100.0
    Salvia officinalis G W 52.4
    Salvia officinalis G R 100.0
    Salvia officinalis G O 100.0
    Salvia sclarea G O 100.0
    Salvia sclarea G V 23.0
    Salvia sclarea G W 31.1
    Sambucus ebulus G O 52.1
    Alchemilla mollis T S 31.2
    Allium ascalonicum T S 42.9
    Allium sativum T O 100.0
    Allium tuberosum T O 100.0
    Alpinia officinarum T O 21.9
    Alpinia officinarum T S 100.0
    Amaranthus candatus T S 36.0
    Amaranthus gangeticus T S 66.8
    Ananas comosus T O 20.3
    Ananas comosus T W 23.8
    Anethum graveolens T O 35.8
    angelica archangelica T R 53.5
    Anthemis nobilis T O 45.3
    Anthemis tinctorium T S 47.5
    Anthriscus cerefolium T O 20.5
    Arctium minus T O 54.1
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T O 28.1
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T R 100.0
    Aronia melanocarpa T V 100.0
    Aronia melanocarpa T W 42.7
    Aronia prunifolia T W 39.0
    Artemisia absinthium T O 25.6
    Artemisia dracunulus T O 31.3
    Artemisia dracunulus T S 22.3
    Aster T S 20.9
    Avena sativa T S 100.0
    Averrhoa carambola T O 25.8
    Beta vulgaris T R 100.0
    Beta vulgaris T O 59.3
    Beta vulgaris T S 41.4
    Betula glandulosa T S 61.8
    Boesenbergia rotunda T O 36.9
    Boesenbergia rotunda T S 42.5
    Boletus edulis T S 43.1
    Borago officinalis T S 36.3
    Brassica hirta T S 30.2
    Brassica juncea T R 41.4
    Brassica Napus T S 29.9
    Brassica napus T R 22.9
    Brassica oleracea T R 25.6
    Brassica oleracea T V 27.0
    Brassica oleracea T R 26.5
    Brassica rapa T R 24.8
    Vitis G S 30.7
    Xanthium sibiricum G O 22.1
    Zea mays G S 20.3
    Abies lasiocarpa T S 22.4
    Achillea millefolium T S 21.1
    Aconitum napellus T O 100.0
    Acorus calamus T S 21.0
    Ageratum conyzoides T O 20.1
    Agrimonia eupatoria T W 59.6
    Agropyron cristatum T R 53.4
    Agropyron repens T S 22.6
    Agrostis alba T O 25.3
    Alchemilla mollis T W 88.7
    Alchemilla mollis T O 42.6
    Alchemilla mollis T R 70.4
    Citrullus colocynthis T S 35.5
    Citrus limettoides T O 47.1
    Citrus limon T S 26.2
    Citrus limon T O 73.5
    Citrus sinensis T V 25.2
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi T O 32.7
    Coix Lacryma-Jobi T S 31.4
    Corchorus olitorius T O 24.4
    Comus canadensis T S 41.3
    Crataegus sp T S 34.0
    Crataegus submollis T S 39.6
    Curcuma longa T O 55.3
    Curcuma zedoaria T O 24.4
    Cydonia oblonga T V 35.2
    Cynara scolymus T O 41.2
    Cynara scolymus T R 36.8
    Dactilis Glomerata T O 31.9
    Datura stramonium T S 25.9
    Daucus carota T R 92.3
    Daucus carota T O 31.0
    Dipsacus sativus T O 100.0
    Dirca palustris T S 31.4
    Dolichos lablab T O 23.1
    Dryopteris filix-mas T R 68.2
    Echinacea purpurea T S 38.2
    Eleusine coracana T O 22.1
    Elymus junceus T R 37.9
    Erigeron speciosus T O 35.0
    Erysimum perofskianum T O 22.6
    Erysimum perofskianum T S 23.2
    Fagopyrum esculentum T S 24.7
    Foeniculum vulgare T O 31.4
    Foeniculum vulgare T V 69.1
    Foeniculum vulgare T S 38.5
    Fragaria x ananassa T O 50.4
    Fragaria x ananassa T V 30.2
    Fragaria x ananassa T S 28.4
    Passiflora spp. T O 30.2
    Passiflora spp. T V 59.4
    Passiflora spp. T S 24.4
    Fucus vesiculosus T O 42.7
    Galinsoga ciliata T R 49.3
    Gaultheria hispidula T W 36.9
    Gentiana macrophylla T S 26.1
    Bromus inermis T O 27.8
    Canna edulis T O 40.3
    Capsicum annuum T S 22.6
    Carex morrowii T O 26.0
    Carex morrowii T R 49.8
    Carya cordiformis T S 28.8
    Carya cordiformis T O 21.0
    Carya cordiformis T W 88.7
    Clematis armandii T O 20.1
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T O 22.8
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T S 24.3
    Agaricus bisporatus T S 25.4
    Chelidonium majus T O 39.0
    Chenopodium bonus-henricus T S 44.3
    chrysanthemum coronarium T O 33.4
    chrysanthemum coronarium T S 23.9
    Cichorium endivia subs. Endivia T O 44.3
    Cichorium endivia subs. Endivia T S 20.5
    Circium arvense T R 49.7
    Citrullus colocynthis T R 37.0
    Hibiscus cannabinus T O 39.9
    Hibiscus cannabinus T S 21.1
    Humulus lupulus T S 54.8
    Humulus lupulus T R 50.5
    Hydrastis canadensis T O 20.5
    Hypericum henryi T O 32.5
    Hypericum perforatum T S 27.9
    Hypericum sp T W 55.9
    Hypomyces lactifluorum T S 42.7
    Iberis amara T S 100.0
    Inula helenium T S 30.1
    Ipomola batatas T V 27.4
    Ipomola batatas T S 44.9
    Juniperus communis T S 57.8
    Laportea canadensis T S 63.5
    Laurus nobilis T W 73.6
    Laurus nobilis T S 21.2
    Lavandula angustifolia T O 22.7
    Lavandula angustifolia T S 25.1
    Lavandula latifolia T O 100.0
    Lavandula latifolia T S 28.5
    Ledum groenlandicum T O 54.3
    Lentinus edodes T S 25.7
    Leonurus cardiaca T R 24.3
    Lepidium sativum T O 100.0
    Levisticum officinale T R 41.2
    Litchi chinensis T S 100.0
    Lolium multiflorum T O 24.0
    Lolium perenne T O 27.8
    Lonicera ramosissima T S 20.9
    Lupinus polyphyllus T O 35.1
    Lupinus polyphyllus T S 20.5
    Luzula sylvatica T R 22.6
    Majorana hortensis T V 20.1
    Malus spp. T V 37.8
    Malus spp. T S 45.1
    Malus hupehensis T S 24.4
    Melaleuca alternifolia T O 26.7
    Melissa officinalis T S 20.7
    Ginkgo biloba T V 27.1
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T W 58.1
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T S 50.4
    Glycyrrhiza glabra T R 25.1
    Gossypium herbaceum T O 22.7
    Gossypium herbaceum T S 27.3
    Guizotia abyssinica T S 38.5
    Hamamelis virginiana T O 37.1
    Hamamelis virginiana T R 100.0
    Hedeoma pulegioides T O 28.5
    Hedeoma pulegioides T S 28.2
    Helenium hoopesii T O 31.7
    Helenium hoopesii T S 56.0
    Helianthus tuberosus T V 23.7
    Helichrysum thianschanicum T O 38.4
    Helichrysum thianschanicum T R 27.0
    Helleborus niger T S 32.1
    Schizonepeta tenuifolia T O 29.1
    Schizonepeta tenuifolia T S 21.1
    Onobrychis viciifolia T O 42.6
    Origanum vulgare T S 53.8
    Oryza sativa T S 33.3
    Oxalis Deppei T O 30.8
    Panicum miliaceum T S 21.2
    Pastinaca sativa T S 53.9
    Pastinaca sativa T R 20.8
    Pastinaca sativa T O 26.9
    Petroselinum crispum T R 58.2
    Phaseolus coccineus T S 27.1
    Phaseolus vulgaris T W 37.9
    Phaseolus vulgaris T O 22.2
    Phaseolus vulgaris T S 23.2
    Phlox paniculata T S 21.3
    Physalis pruinosa T S 35.2
    Phytolacca americana T S 100.0
    Plantago coronopus T O 21.2
    Plantago coronopus T S 48.2
    Poa pratensis T O 50.7
    Podophyllum peltatum T S 27.9
    Polygonum chinense T S 25.0
    Polygonum aviculare T O 26.0
    Polygonum aviculare T R 100.0
    Polygonum pensylvanicum T O 42.3
    Polygonum persicaria T O 28.8
    Populus incrassata T S 100.0
    Populus Tremula T S 48.5
    Populus X petrowskyana T S 44.1
    Populus X petrowskyana T O 100.0
    Populus X petrowskyana T W 72.0
    Portulaca oleracera T O 33.7
    Poterium sanguisorba T W 100.0
    Prunus spp. T S 39.6
    Prunus persica T O 21.4
    Prunus persica T V 26.6
    Psidium guajava T V 37.7
    Psoralea corylifolia T S 51.5
    Pteridium aquilinum T R 76.2
    Pteridium aquilinum T S 27.9
    Punica granatum T W 66.4
    mentha arvensis T R 34.0
    Mentha piperita T S 60.1
    Mentha pulegium T V 24.5
    Mentha pulegium T W 24.8
    Mentha spicata T O 24.4
    Mentha suaveolens T S 28.9
    Monarda didyma T O 54.7
    Musa paradisiaca T O 21.4
    Musa paradisiaca T W 32.8
    nasturtium officinale T O 100.0
    Nepeta cataria T O 60.1
    Nepeta cataria T S 23.4
    Nigella sativa T S 23.2
    Agaricus bisporatus T S 25.8
    Psidium spp. T S 28.3
    Pleurotus spp. T S 31.6
    Citrus reticulata T V 32.7
    Citrus reticulata T S 29.4
    Ocimum Basilicum T V 30.7
    Ocimum Basilicum T W 30.9
    Ocimum Basilicum T O 39.1
    Oenothera biennis T S 29.6
    Oenothera biennis T O 24.2
    Oenothera biennis T R 58.6
    Rubus occidentalis T R 93.2
    Rubus occidentalis T O 42.1
    Rubus occidentalis T S 20.5
    Rumex acetosella T V 44.9
    Rumex crispus T O 31.3
    Rumex crispus T R 100.0
    Rumex crispus T S 20.8
    Ruta graveolens T O 24.1
    Serenoa repens T S 28.5
    Salvia officinalis T R 66.5
    Salvia officinalis T O 54.0
    Salvia officinalis T W 47.2
    Sambucus canadensis T S 23.2
    Sambucus canadensis T O 35.0
    Sambucus canadensis T R 32.6
    Sambucus canadensis T W 54.0
    Sanguisorba minor T W 50.0
    Santolina chamaecyparissus T O 75.8
    Santolina chamaecyparissus T R 33.3
    Serratula tinctoria T S 36.3
    Datura metel T O 36.9
    Datura metel T S 21.4
    Satureja montana T O 100.0
    Satureja montana T R 66.8
    Satureja repandra T R 87.4
    Scorzorera hispanica T R 42.3
    Scorzorera hispanica T S 20.8
    Scutellaria lateriflora T S 36.0
    Sium sisarum T O 22.1
    Solanum melongena T O 22.4
    Solidago sp T S 22.6
    Sonchus oleraceus T R 41.8
    Sorghum caffrorum T O 23.0
    Sorghum dochna T O 30.3
    Sorghum dochna T O 53.5
    Rehmannia glutinosa T O 83.0
    Frangula alnus T S 40.7
    Raphanus sativus T R 36.5
    Raphanus sativus T S 22.4
    Reseda luteola T S 23.6
    Reseda odorata T O 20.3
    Frangula alnus T R 65.3
    Rheum officinale T O 100.0
    Rheum officinale T S 33.3
    Rheum X cultorum T S 34.0
    Ricinus communis T S 27.5
    Ribes Grossularia T W 24.8
    Ribes nidigrolaria T W 24.4
    Ribes nigrum T S 50.1
    Ribes nigrum T V 23.8
    Ribes nigrum T W 64.1
    Ribes Sylvestre T W 32.4
    Rosa rugosa T W 100.0
    Rosmarinus officinalis T R 75.8
    Rosmarinus officinalis T W 46.6
    Rubus idaeus T O 27.6
    Rubus idaeus T S 24.3
    Rubus idaeus T O 35.5
    Vaccinium angustifolium T S 33.7
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T V 24.1
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T W 30.3
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T S 70.9
    Vaccinium macrocarpon T O 57.2
    Valeriana officinalis T O 26.0
    Valerianella locusta T O 53.7
    Verbascum thapsus T O 22.8
    Verbascum thapsus T S 25.2
    Veronica officinalis T O 29.9
    Vitis T S 39.1
    Vitis T O 40.0
    Vitis T W 23.5
    Vitis T S 26.4
    Weigela coraeensis T S 20.1
    Weigela hortensis T S 25.3
    Xanthium sibiricum T O 28.4
    Zea mays T S 38.4
    Oenothera biennis A R 80.3
    Alchemilla mollis T R 96.0
    Alchemilla mollis A R 87.2
    Symphytum officinale A O 80.2
    Fragariax ananassa A R 97.9
    Fragariax ananassa G R 93.8
    Vaccinium corymbosum G R 58.6
    Vaccinium augustifolium A R 71.8
    Vaccinium augustifolium G R 53.6
    Vitis A R 62.5
    Vitis G R 79.4
    Petasites japonicus A R 56.5
    Petasites japonicus G R 53.0
    Nicotiana rustica G O 61.1
    Pysalis ixocarpa A R 53.8
    Pteridium aquilinum T O 69.2
    Pteridium aquilinum A R 66.2
    Pteridium aquilinum G R 56.3
    Sorghum durra T V 21.6
    Sorghum sudanense T V 23.7
    Stachys byzantina T O 25.3
    Stellaria graminea T O 27.6
    Stellaria graminea T S 36.7
    Stellaria media T O 22.6
    Stipa capillata T O 36.7
    Symphytum officinale T O 20.6
    Symphytum officinale T V 25.0
    Tanacetum cinerariifolium T R 24.9
    Tanacetum vulgare T O 46.4
    Tanacetum vulgare T S 32.0
    Taraxacum officinale T O 63.1
    Thlaspi arvense T O 32.5
    Thymus fragantissimus T R 36.7
    Thymus fragantissimus T O 100.0
    Thymus praecox subsp arcticus T O 38.7
    Thymus pseudolanuginosus T R 21.5
    Thymus vulgaris T W 20.0
    Triticosecale spp. T O 26.0
    Triticum aestivum T O 20.9
    Triticum turgidum T O 49.4
    Triticum spelta T O 35.0
    Tropaeolum majus T S 23.5
    Tsuga diversifolia T S 34.3
    Tsuga mertensiana T S 32.8
    Typha latifolia T S 36.1
    Urtica dioica T O 32.8
    Achillea ptarmica A O 54.3
    Achillea ptarmica G O 64.3
    Geranium pratense T R 93.4
    Geranium pratense A R 98.5
    Geranium pratense G R 97.4
    Thalictrum aquilegiifolium T O 53.6
    Thalictrum aquilegiifolium G O 60.4
    Veronica spicata T O 55.9
    Veronica spicata A O 59.2
    Veronica spicata G O 56.2
    Helenium spp. T O 55.7
    Salvia sylvestris T O 77.4
    Salvia sylvestris A O 66.9
    Salvia sylvestris G O 55.0
    Salvia regeliana T O 62.6
    Crambe cordifolia G R 56.3
    Crambe cordifolia G O 56.7
    Rudbeckia maxima G O 68.4
    Trollius x cultorum T R 97.6
    Trollius x cultorum A R 93.2
    Trollius x cultorum G R 100.1
    Amsonia tabernaemontana A R 53.2
    Oenothera fruticosa spp. T R 109.8
    Oenothera fruticosa spp. T O 61.3
    Oenothera fruticosa spp. A R 97.5
    Oenothera fruticosa spp. G R 105.9
    Veronica austriaca ssp T O 68.6
    teucrium
    Veronica austriaca ssp G O 58.1
    teucrium
    Coreopsis verticillata T R 55.6
    Coreopsis verticillata G O 70.4
    Potentilla fruticosa T R 104.8
    Potentilla fruticosa A R 99.4
    Pteridium aquilinum G O 56.2
    Matteuccia pensylvanica T R 67.2
    Matteuccia pensylvanica A R 59.0
    Ocimum tenuiflorum T O 54.8
    Carthamus tinctorius A R 50.9
    Carthamus tinctorius G R 69.0
    Ligustrum vulgare T O 87.0
    Ligustrum vulgare A O 76.2
    Ligustrum vulgare G O 85.7
    Malva verticillata T R 80.1
    Malva verticillata A R 82.8
    Malva verticillata G R 82.4
    Hamamelis virginiana T R 56.1
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi T R 74.8
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi G R 86.0
    Vicia faba T O 84.6
    Sempervivum tectorum T O 57.3
    Sempervivum tectorum A O 74.8
    Sempervivum tectorum G O 52.3
    Ajuga reptans T O 55.3
    Ajuga reptans A O 52.3
    Ajuga reptans G O 72.1
    Phlox paniculata T O 66.2
    Ligularia dentata A O 52.1
    Ligularia dentata G R 50.8
    Ligularia dentata G O 52.6
    Achillea ptarmica T O 50.9
    Potentilla fruticosa G R 98.6
    Vernonia gigantea A R 50.4
    Vernonia gigantea A O 62.3
    Vernonia gigantea G R 51.2
    Vernonia gigantea G O 50.7
    Penstemon digitalis T R 64.5
    Penstemon digitalis A R 63.5
    Penstemon digitalis A O 57.3
    Penstemon digitalis G R 63.4
    Penstemon digitalis G O 67.8
    Malus spp. T R 56.1
    Malus spp. T O 56.7
    Malus spp. A R 50.8
    Malus spp. G R 51.2
    Hosta sieboldiana G O 50.9
    Hamamelis mollis T R 99.1
    Hamamelis mollis A R 94.1
    Hamamelis mollis G R 89.4
    Chaenomeles x superba T R 56.2
    Chaenomeles x superba A R 71.9
    Chaenomeles x superba G R 66.6
    Chaenomeles x superba G O 52.0
    Centaurea dealbata T R 50.9
    Centaurea dealbata A R 74.1
    Paeonia spp. T R 79.8
    Paeonia spp. T O 58.6
    Paeonia spp. A R 79.6
    Paeonia spp. A O 58.5
    Paeonia spp. G R 82.0
    Paeonia spp. G O 60.0
    Lysimachia clethroides T R 83.3
    Lysimachia clethroides T O 64.3
    Lysimachia clethroides G R 85.8
    Lysimachia clethroides G O 67.8
    Magnolia x loebneri T R 61.4
    Iberis sempervirens T O 62.4
    Iberis sempervirens G O 63.8
    Filipendula vulgaris T R 98.3
    Filipendula vulgaris A R 94.5
    Filipendula vulgaris G R 96.3
    Geranium sanguineum T R 89.4
    Geranium sanguineum T O 63.3
    Geranium sanguineum A R 82.6
    Geranium sanguineum A O 53.2
    Garanium sanguineum G R 88.8
    Garanium sanguineum G O 57.7
    Philadelphus coronarius A O 55.5
    paeonia suffruticosa T R 58.9
    paeonia suffruticosa T O 52.1
    Paeonia suffruticosa A R 73.8
    Paeonia suffruticosa A O 52.2
    Paeonia suffruticosa G R 58.7
    Paeonia suffruticosa G O 50.4
    Dahlia spp. T R 77.4
    Begonia convolvulacea T O 69.8
    Begonia convolvulacea A O 67.5
    Begonia convolvulacea G O 72.6
    Begonia eminii T O 72.8
    Begonia eminii A O 77.2
    Begonia eminii G O 75.4
    Begonia glabra T O 82.3
    Begonia mannii A O 82.5
    Begonia mannii G O 72.8
    Begonia polygonoides T O 79.0
    Begonia polygonoides A O 74.8
    Begonia polygonoides G O 73.2
    Fushia spp. T R 76.6
    Fushia spp. A R 70.7
    Fushia spp. G R 76.9
    Butomus umbellatus A O 58.8
    Onoclea sensibilis G O 54.7
    Onoclea sensibilis G R 50.1
    Pinus cembra A R 83.2
    Pinus cembra G R 76.3
    Cornus sericea T R 104.0
    Cornus sericea A O 53.4
    Cornus sericea A R 91.8
    Cornus sericea G O 51.0
    Cornus sericea G R 98.5
    Hydrangea quercifolia T R 58.1
    Solidago caesia T R 60.7
    Solidago caesia A R 60.5
    Cornus alba T R 98.9
    Cornus alba A R 106.7
    Cornus alba G R 85.3
    Carpinus caroliniana T R 95.4
    Carpinus caroliniana A R 86.2
    Carpinus caroliniana G R 94.5
    Astilbe chinensis T R 54.3
    Astilbe chinensis G R 50.3
    Symphoricarpos albus G R 52.0
    Euphorbia amygdaloides T R 103.8
    Euphorbia amygdaloides A R 75.2
    Euphorbia amygdaloides G R 71.3
    Viburnum plicatum A R 61.0
    Viburnum plicatum G R 57.9
    Buxus microphylla T R 58.0
    Astilboides tabularis T R 104.2
    Astilboides tabularis A R 108.1
    Astilboides tabularis G R 100.3
    Staphylea trifolia A R 63.6
    Bergenia x schmidtii T R 100.5
    Bergenia x schmidtii A R 113.7
    Bergenia x schmidtii G R 99.3
    Rodgersia podophylla T R 68.9
    Rodgersia podophylla A R 59.4
    Rodgersia podophylla G R 56.5
    Geranium phaeum T R 92.7
    Geranium phaeum A R 84.3
    Geranium phaeum G R 101.0
    Rubus pubescens T R 71.5
    Rubus pubescens A R 76.2
    Rubus pubescens G R 82.8
    Taxus x media T R 60.1
    Taxus x media A R 61.6
    Taxus x media G R 52.3
    Geranium x cantabrigiense T R 106.1
    Geranium x cantabrigiense A R 94.2
    Geranium x cantabrigiense G R 95.9
    Fuchia magellanica T R 100.2
    Fuchia magellanica A R 91.9
    Fuchia magellanica G R 102.2
    Microbiata decussata A R 51.5
    Microbiata decussata G R 51.9
    Rhododendron spp. G R 51.2
    Stephanandra incisa T R 102.5
    Stephanandra incisa A R 104.6
    Stephanandra incisa G R 99.1
    Corylus maxima A R 50.8
    Corylus maxima G R 57.1
    Cyperus alternifolius G R 58.2
    Soleirolia soleirolii A R 51.2
    Soleirolia soleirolii G R 68.0
    Strelitzia reginae T R 106.5
    Strelitzia reginae A R 94.3
    Strelitzia reginae G R 111.7
    Hedychium coronarium T R 53.5
    Hedychium coronarium A R 86.9
    Hedychium coronarium G R 74.6
    Strelitzia reginae T R 78.6
    Strelitzia reginae A R 78.0
    Strelitzia reginae G R 107.3
    Symphoricarpos orbiculatus G R 58.7
    Rodgersia spp. A R 59.5
    Rodgersia spp. G R 59.0
    Lamiastrum galeobdolon T R 91.5
    Astilbe x arendsii A R 84.5
    Clematis alpina A R 54.4
    Stewartia pseudocamellia T R 75.5
    Stewartia pseudocamellia A R 84.1
    Stewartia pseudocamellia G R 81.3
    Pinus mugo T R 58.9
    Pinus mugo A R 53.7
    Pinus mugo G R 61.7
    Rubus thibelanus T R 97.6
    Rubus thibelanus A R 97.9
    Rubus thibetanus G R 95.4
    Rubus arcticus T R 89.3
    Rubus arcticus A R 85.5
    Rubus Phoenicolasius G R 93.2
    ribes americanum T R 70.4
    Passiflora spp. T O 62.4
    Rubus occidentalis T R 70.9
    Nicotiana tabacum G O 60.9
    Beta vulgaris T O 71.3
  • [0155]
    TABLE 11
    Clostripain
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Achidinia arguta A R 34.1
    Anthoxanthum odoratum A R 35.0
    Apocynum cannabinum A R 47.6
    Arctium minus (Hill) A R 34.5
    Bernhardi
    Beckmannia erucaeformis A O 47.3
    Beta vulgaris A O 37.2
    Brassica rapa A O 24.6
    Buddleja davidii A R 27.6
    Bupleurum falcatum A O 34.6
    Capsicum annuum A S 36.8
    Capsicum annuum A R 24.9
    Cotinus coggygria A R 21.0
    Kolkwitzia amabilis A R 27.9
    Laserpitium latifolium A R 20.4
    Lindera benzoin A R 38.6
    Lolium perenne A S 34.7
    Miscanthus sacchariflorus A O 39.9
    Ophiopogon japonicus A R 20.5
    Phaseolus mungo A S 30.0
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A O 36.4
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A R 23.4
    Plumbago zeylanica A O 26.5
    Portulacea oleracea A O 22.2
    Salix purpurea F. Gracilis A R 38.6
    Solanum melanocerasum A S 26.0
    Stellaria media (linné) Cyrillo A O 31.6
    Tanacetum vulgare A S 35.3
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 35.4
    Trifolium incarnatum A S 22.0
    Vaccinum augustifolium A O 34.0
    Zea Mays A O 21.9
    Aframomum melegueta G O 27.9
    Allium sativum G O 35.3
    Anthemis nobilis G O 35.8
    Anthurium guildingii G O 55.2
    Astilbe x arendsii G R 25.6
    Beta vulgaris G R 28.0
    Campanula rapunculus G S 24.5
    Cirsium arvense G R 30.0
    Cissus discolor G O 40.8
    Coccoloba caracasana G R 24.9
    Convallaria majalis G R 28.5
    Cucurbita pepo G O 20.9
    Cucurbita pepo G S 42.5
    Errhenatherum elatius G S 21.6
    Filipendula rubra G R 44.3
    Galium odoratum G O 31.2
    Glycyrrhiza glabra G O 27.6
    Hedychium sp. G O 35.6
    Houttuynia cordata G O 30.2
    Lactuca sativa G O 28.8
    Lactuca sativa G O 21.6
    Lotus tetragonolobus G S 42.9
    Lycopersicon esculentum G R 32.3
    Lysimachia clethroides G R 22.7
    Magnolia stellata G R 23.6
    Microlepia platyphylla G O 21.0
    Miscanthus sacchariflorus G R 25.6
    pastinaca saliva G S 44.7
    Phaseolus vulgaris G O 36.7
    Pteridium aquilinum G O 22.2
    Solidago sp ? G S 40.8
    Symphytum officinale G S 22.7
    Tanacetum vulgare G S 31.4
    Thymus fragantissumus G O 20.1
    Urtica dioica G O 32.6
    Zea mays G O 22.4
    Abies balsamea T O 38.6
    Allium ampeloprasum T S 30.3
    Allium sativum T O 55.5
    Amaranthus gangeticus T R 75.4
    Apium graveolens T R 21.7
    Aralia cordata T S 48.2
    Asclepias tuberosa T O 20.2
    Asctinidia chinensis T O 47.7
    Baptisla tinctoria T O 50.4
    Betula alleghaniensis T R 24.9
    Brassica oleracea T R 21.4
    Brassica rapa T R 30.5
    Caladium sp. T O 39.8
    Carica papaya T R 23.8
    Chaerophyllum bulbosum T R 24.3
    Chrysanthenum coronarium T O 32.7
    Clematis chiisanensis T R 21.6
    Coccoloba caracasana T O 40.1
    Cocos nucifera T R 22.5
    Comus mas T R 34.2
    Cucurbita pepo T S 24.9
    Cymbopogon citratus T O 20.4
    Forsythia x intermedia T S 44.0
    Heliotropium arborescens T O 27.1
    Lonicera ramosissima T O 34.9
    Malus pranifolia T R 23.6
    Marrubium vulgare T R 49.3
    Miscanthus sinensis Anchess T R 26.9
    Nephelium longana ou T O 42.6
    Euphoria longana
    Psoralea corylifolia T S 54.0
    Raphanus sativus T O 21.4
    Ribes Nigrum T R 40.9
    Rubus thibetanus T R 24.2
    Rumex acetosellalinné T O 35.2
    Sechium edule T R 25.6
    Stachys macrantha T O 25.9
    Tepary T R 34.9
    Thymus vulgaris “Argenteus” T O 25.3
    Trifolium pratense T R 31.3
    Trollius x cultorum T R 26.5
    Uvularia perfoliata T R 38.3
    Vaccinum macrocarpon T O 39.2
    Verbena officinalis T R 46.2
    Zea mays T R 32.5
    Myrica pensylvanica G O 22.7
    N G O 24.4
    Nicotiana tabacum G R 22.8
    Paeonia G R 31.3
    pastinaca sativa G R 29.2
  • [0156]
    TABLE 12
    Subtilisin
    Nom latin Stress Extrait Inhibition (%)
    Actaea racemosa A O 20.6
    Alchemilla mollis A S 23.5
    Borago officinalis A S 20.5
    Capsicum annuum A S 24.7
    Cornus canadensis L A S 22.6
    Genista multibracteata A R 21.3
    Glycine max A S 26.0
    Lolium perenne A S 75.9
    Matricaria recutita A S 23.2
    Phaseolus Vulgaris A O 34.7
    Prunus Tomentosa A R 20.4
    Scuttellaria lateriflora A O 33.5
    Solidago canadensis A O 42.0
    Spinacia oleracea A S 100.0
    Tanacetum vulgare A S 42.4
    Tanacetum vulgare A O 26.7
    Typha latifolia L A O 24.9
    Zea mays A S 20.9
    Zea Mays A O 34.7
    Adiantum pedatum G S 22.4
    Cichorium endivia G S 26.7
    Cucurbita pepo G O 20.8
    Echinacea purpurea G O 27.6
    Lactuca sativa G O 36.4
    pastinaca sativa G S 52.1
    Pastinaca sativa G S 20.1
    Ribes nigrum G O 41.2
    Symphytum officinale G O 30.0
    Urtica dioica G O 38.2
    Vitis sp. G S 22.3
    Alchemilla mollis T S 22.6
    Althacea officinalis T O 33.5
    Althaea officinalis T S 53.5
    Aralia cordata T S 21.0
    Asctinidia chinensis T O 38.6
    Astilboides tabularis T O 41.0
    Averrhoa carambola T S 20.9
    Baptisia tinctoria T O 25.5
    Beta vulgaris T S 24.2
    Convallaria majalis T O 48.2
    Datura stramonium T O 27.3
    Dioscorea batatas T S 36.4
    Eleusine coracana T S 26.2
    Fragaria x ananassa T O 39.5
    Ginkgo biloba T O 98.8
    Heliotropium arborescens T O 35.2
    Hibiscus cannabinus T S 25.2
    Hypericum perforatum T O 30.3
    Ipomea batalas T S 22.1
    Lathyrus sylvestris T S 21.8
    Lonicera ramosissima T O 29.6
    Lonicera ramosissima T S 39.9
    Lonicera syringantha T R 31.1
    Madia sativa T O 27.5
    Monarda T O 28.2
    Ocimum Basilicum T S 27.2
    Peucedanum oreaselinum T S 29.2
    Psoralea corylifolia T S 20.9
    Rahmnus frangula T O 26.4
    Raphanus sativus T S 25.5
    Rheum rhabarbarum T S 21.6
    Ribes Nigrum T R 28.9
    Rubus occidentalis T S 22.8
    Rumes scutatus T S 21.4
    Solidago Hybrida T O 34.5
    Tanacetum balsamila T O 33.9
    Vaccinum macrocarpon T O 81.2
    Xanthium sibiricum T S 31.7
    Zea mays T S 28.3

Claims (7)

We claim:
1. An extract from a plant, comprising non-proteinaceous molecules having protease inhibitor activity, which inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases, wherein the extract has been prepared by the steps of harvesting plant material, treating plant material with a solvent, separating the resulting extract from the solid material, testing an aliquot of the extract against a panel of extracellular proteases, and retaining the extract if it inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteges.
2. A library of plant extracts, comprising non-proteinaceous molecules having protease inhibitor activity, wherein each extract inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases.
3. A library of plant extracts, comprising non-proteinaceous molecules having protease inhibitor activity, formed by a process comprising:
(a) contacting plant material with either an aqueous, ethanolic, or an organic solvent;
(b) isolating an extract from said plant material;
(c) analysing said extract for the presence of one or more inhibitory activities against an extracellular protease;
(d) and collected two or more extracts together, so as to form a library of plant extracts wherein each extract inhibits one or sore extracellular proteases.
4. A plant extract, comprising non-proteinaceous molecules having protease inhibitor activity, which inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases, wherein said plant has been stressed prior to generating the extract.
5. A library of plant extracts, comprising non-proteinaceous molecules having protease inhibitor activity, wherein each extract inhibits the activity of one or more extracellular proteases and wherein said plants have been stressed prior to generating the extract.
6. A non-proteinaceous extracellular protease inhibitor derived from a plant comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting plant material with either an aqueous, ethanolic, or an organic solvent;
(b) isolating an extract from said plant material;
(c) analysing said extract for the presence of one or more inhibitory activities against a panel of extracellular proteases;
(d) further purifying a compound from said extract if said extract demonstrates the inhibition of one or more extracellular proteases greater than about 20%.
7. A method for increasing the levels of non-proeteinaceous extracellular protease inhibitors in plants comprising he step of stressing the plant prior to forming a plant extract.
US10/469,402 2001-03-02 2002-03-04 Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors Abandoned US20040175439A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/878,978 US20090068291A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2007-07-30 Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors
US12/871,097 US20110217753A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2010-08-30 Inhibitors of extracellular proteases
US13/782,272 US20130316432A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2013-03-01 Inhibitors of extracellular proteases
US14/220,432 US9364508B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2014-03-20 Inhibitors of extracellular proteases

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2339081 2001-03-02
CA2,339,081 2001-03-02
PCT/CA2002/000285 WO2002069992A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2002-03-04 Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA2002/000285 A-371-Of-International WO2002069992A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2002-03-04 Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/878,978 Continuation US20090068291A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2007-07-30 Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040175439A1 true US20040175439A1 (en) 2004-09-09

Family

ID=4168476

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/469,402 Abandoned US20040175439A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2002-03-04 Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors
US11/878,978 Abandoned US20090068291A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2007-07-30 Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors
US12/871,097 Abandoned US20110217753A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2010-08-30 Inhibitors of extracellular proteases
US13/782,272 Abandoned US20130316432A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2013-03-01 Inhibitors of extracellular proteases
US14/220,432 Expired - Lifetime US9364508B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2014-03-20 Inhibitors of extracellular proteases

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/878,978 Abandoned US20090068291A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2007-07-30 Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors
US12/871,097 Abandoned US20110217753A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2010-08-30 Inhibitors of extracellular proteases
US13/782,272 Abandoned US20130316432A1 (en) 2001-03-02 2013-03-01 Inhibitors of extracellular proteases
US14/220,432 Expired - Lifetime US9364508B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2014-03-20 Inhibitors of extracellular proteases

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (5) US20040175439A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1370272A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002069992A1 (en)

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060088616A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Miri Seiberg Compositions containing malva sylvestris extract and use thereof on mucosal tissues
US20060088609A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Miri Seiberg Compositions containing Cotinus coggygria extract and use thereof on mucosal tissues
US20060088615A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Miri Seiberg Compositions containing Malva sylvestris extract and use thereof on skin and mucosal tissues
US20060088608A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Miri Seiberg Compositions containing cotinus coggygria extract and use thereof on skin and mucosal tissues
EP1671535A1 (en) 2004-12-16 2006-06-21 Stiftung Caesar Center of Advanced European Studies and Research Methods for altering levels of phenolic compounds in plant cells
US20060228426A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2006-10-12 Benoit Cyr Plant extracts for treatment of angiogenesis and metastasis
US20060233898A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-10-19 Miri Seiberg Ingestible compositions containing extracts
US20070122492A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2007-05-31 Stephen Behr Plant extracts and dermatological uses thereof
US20070128301A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2007-06-07 Saltzman Daniel A Immune enhancement by seed oil and/or seed flour
US20070224155A1 (en) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Access Business Group International, Llc Cleansing compositions and methods of reducing skin irritation
US20070224154A1 (en) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Access Business Group International, Llc Methods of reducing skin irritation
US20070254051A1 (en) * 2006-03-20 2007-11-01 Dominique Richard Chelation with concentrated plant stem cell therapy
US20070264364A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2007-11-15 Avon Products, Inc. Cosmetic compositions having extracts of amomum melegueta and methods of treating skin
WO2007075580A3 (en) * 2005-12-16 2007-11-29 Bakto Flavors Llc Recovery of residual plant components after distillation of essential oils
US20090004302A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2009-01-01 Biopharmacopae Design International Inc. Methods and Therapeutic Compositions Comprising Plant Extracts for the Treatment of Cancer
US20090011060A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-08 Peter Koepke Campsiandra angustifolia extract and methods of extracting and using such extract
US20090082453A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-03-26 New Biology, Inc. Exogenous Methyl Dihydrojasmonate for Prevention and Control of Biotic Attack in Plants
WO2009054606A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology A composition comprising pentaphylloides fruticosa extract as an active ingredient
US20090133166A1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-21 New Biology, Inc. Methods for Improving Flowering Characteristics Using Methyl Dihydrojasmonate
US20090282588A1 (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 New Biology, Inc. Methods for Reducing Leaf Senescence Using Methyl Dihydrojasmonate
US20100092581A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2010-04-15 Cynthia Ross Friedman Antibacterial compositions comprising an extract from arceuthobium
WO2010059140A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. Topical cosmetic skin lightening compositions
WO2010128802A2 (en) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-11 (주)아모레퍼시픽 Composition comprising snowberry extract
US20100314240A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Kai Lin Process of extracting aromatic compounds from plants using bromomethane as a solvent
US7879369B2 (en) 2007-09-18 2011-02-01 Selvamedica, Llc Combretum laurifolium Mart. extract and methods of extracting and using such extract
US20110182835A1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2011-07-28 Joao Paulo Caetano Topical Cosmetic Skin Lightening Compositions and Methods of use Thereof
US20110189322A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2011-08-04 Mary Kay Inc. Compositions comprising docynia delavajy extract and/or elaeagnus lancelotus extract
US8563839B2 (en) 2008-05-06 2013-10-22 New Biology, Inc. Methods of reducing leaf senescence using methyl dihydrojasmonate
US20140271525A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Mary Kay Inc. Cosmetic compositions
JP2014224074A (en) * 2013-05-16 2014-12-04 地方独立行政法人北海道立総合研究機構 Elastase activity inhibitor comprising extracts of salicaceous salix plant
US20150071993A1 (en) * 2013-09-10 2015-03-12 Creative Medical Health Inc. Compositions and Methods for Improving Sleep Using A Nutraceutical Formulation
JP2015199715A (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-11-12 日本メナード化粧品株式会社 External and internal preparation for skin which contain cichorium intybus irradiated with light having specific wavelength band to cultivate
US9205122B2 (en) 2009-10-22 2015-12-08 Maresins Pharma, Inc. Herbal composition comprising ginger and goldenrod for the treatment of cold and flu
US9364424B2 (en) 2007-11-19 2016-06-14 Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. Topical cosmetic skin lightening compositions and methods of use thereof
US9446100B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2016-09-20 Eastern Vision Limited Dietary supplements and formulations
US20180015134A1 (en) * 2014-11-24 2018-01-18 Postech Academy-Industry Foundation Composition for increasing exercise performance ability and enhancing physical strength, containing composite extract
CN107970176A (en) * 2018-01-22 2018-05-01 董虎 A kind of composite vegetables extractive and its application in suncream is prepared
CN109959749A (en) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-02 九芝堂股份有限公司 A method of radix polygonati officinalis cream is identified using thin-layered chromatography
US10675313B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2020-06-09 BASF Beauty Care Solutions France HAS2-stimulating plant extracts
US11219652B2 (en) * 2019-05-28 2022-01-11 Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited By Share Ltd. Method for extracting herbal medicine

Families Citing this family (82)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100473688B1 (en) * 2001-02-20 2005-03-07 주식회사 안지오랩 Pharmaceutical composition containing melissa extract for the use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
KR100615389B1 (en) 2002-08-23 2006-08-25 (주)헬릭서 Health food comprising the extract of Actinidia arguta and related species for the prevention and improvement of allergic disease and non-allergic inflammatory disease
CN100438883C (en) * 2002-10-30 2008-12-03 科学与工业研究委员会 Process for the preparation of antioxidants from dillenia indica
AU2003902424A0 (en) * 2003-02-11 2003-06-05 Agresearch Limited Plant disease/pest resistance and defense response
JP2005089304A (en) * 2003-09-12 2005-04-07 Nippon Menaade Keshohin Kk Production inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine
FR2871058B1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2006-09-22 Gunzburg Jean De ASSOCIATION BASED ON PLANT EXTRACTS AND TOPICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING THE SAME
US8394426B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2013-03-12 Viromed Co., Ltd. Composition comprising an extract of hardy kiwi for preventing or treating baldness disorders or seborrheic skin disorders
CN101027071B (en) * 2004-08-10 2013-05-29 赫利科生株式会社 Composition comprising the extract of actinidia arguta for preventing and treating baldness disorders and seborrheic skin disorders
JP4873518B2 (en) * 2004-12-10 2012-02-08 森川健康堂株式会社 Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
JP5294536B2 (en) * 2005-03-31 2013-09-18 小林製薬株式会社 Gingival epithelial cell spreading inhibitor
WO2006117464A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-09 Laboratoire Nuxe Skin protective composition based on araucaria grain extracts
JP5306605B2 (en) * 2007-03-12 2013-10-02 株式会社ノエビア Topical skin preparation
CN101795732B (en) 2007-04-19 2014-08-20 玫琳凯有限公司 Magnolia extract containing compositions
EP2100594A1 (en) 2008-03-14 2009-09-16 Symrise GmbH & Co. KG Ternary mixtures with increased collagen synthesis
EP2295031B1 (en) 2009-08-05 2018-01-10 Symrise AG Use of pterocarpans as anti-cellulite agents
MX344305B (en) * 2009-08-12 2016-12-13 Munisekhar Medasani Picrorhiza kurroa extract for prevention, elimination and treatment of infection diseases.
EP2555745B1 (en) 2010-04-08 2016-12-21 Symrise AG Use of dihydrodehydrodiisoeugenol and preparations comprising dihydrodehydrodiisoeugenol
EP2389922A1 (en) 2010-05-25 2011-11-30 Symrise AG Cyclohexyl carbamate compounds as anti-ageing actives
EP2356977B1 (en) 2011-02-02 2017-12-27 Symrise AG Preparations with wood extracts of Gleditsia
US9073824B2 (en) 2012-01-26 2015-07-07 Prairie Pharms, Llc Method for cultivation of Monarda fistulosa for production of thymoquinone
EP2861304B1 (en) 2012-06-15 2018-08-08 Symrise AG Compositions comprising hyaluronan biosynthesis promoting agents
WO2014006626A2 (en) * 2012-07-05 2014-01-09 Eden Shield Ltd. Novel pest repellents from plant extracts
EP2695597B1 (en) 2012-08-07 2019-07-24 Symrise AG Cosmetic compositions
EP2745878B1 (en) 2012-12-19 2023-01-25 Symrise AG Cosmetic compositions
EP2754434B1 (en) * 2013-01-14 2018-08-08 Georgios Pandalis Composition for preventing dental erosion
EP2764860A1 (en) 2013-02-06 2014-08-13 Basf Sa Cupuassu fatty acid amidoamines and their derivatives
ES2701758T3 (en) 2013-02-27 2019-02-25 Symrise Ag Ginger extract for the protection of stem cells
PL2774481T3 (en) 2013-03-08 2019-03-29 Symrise Ag Antimicrobial compositions
ES2647784T3 (en) 2013-03-08 2017-12-26 Symrise Ag Cosmetic compositions
EP2783578A1 (en) 2013-03-26 2014-10-01 Symrise AG Catechin reaction products
EP2789369B1 (en) 2013-04-14 2018-06-06 Symrise AG A composition for lightening skin and hair
EP2807925A1 (en) 2013-05-26 2014-12-03 Symrise AG Antimicrobial compositions
EP2810934A1 (en) 2013-06-09 2014-12-10 Symrise AG New succinate derivatives
EP3024471B1 (en) 2013-07-22 2019-10-30 Université du Québec à Chicoutimi Use of plant extracts against herpes simplex virus
SG11201600751QA (en) * 2013-08-02 2016-02-26 Sentiens Llc Compositions and their use for smoking cessation and other treatments
EP2842607B1 (en) 2013-09-02 2018-05-30 Symrise AG A skin and/or hair whitening mixture
EP3046634A1 (en) 2013-09-22 2016-07-27 Cutech S.R.L. Extracts fo halimione portulacoides and their application
EP2853254B1 (en) 2013-09-26 2017-11-08 Symrise AG A composition for lightening skin and/or hair
EP2859883B1 (en) 2013-10-13 2019-05-15 Symrise AG Active mixtures comprising acylated oligopeptides and troxerutin
EP2862852B1 (en) 2013-10-18 2018-07-04 Symrise AG Urea derivatives for the protection of stem cells
WO2015062629A1 (en) 2013-10-29 2015-05-07 Cutech Srl Use of mono ornithine ketoglutarate (mokg)
US9186386B2 (en) 2014-04-17 2015-11-17 Gary J. Speier Pharmaceutical composition and method of manufacturing
US9044390B1 (en) 2014-04-17 2015-06-02 Gary J. Speier Pharmaceutical composition and method of manufacturing
EP2962678A1 (en) 2014-06-30 2016-01-06 Symrise AG Flavour and fragrance compositions comprising acetophenone derivatives
EP2979682B1 (en) 2014-07-30 2018-09-05 Symrise AG A fragrance composition
EP3023090B1 (en) 2014-11-21 2019-08-07 Symrise AG Compositions
EP3045161A1 (en) 2015-01-18 2016-07-20 Symrise AG Active compositions comprising 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol
EP3081207B1 (en) 2015-04-16 2022-09-21 Symrise AG Use of a liposome composition
US10391071B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2019-08-27 Cutech Srl Compositions comprising valerian extracts
EP3097905B1 (en) 2015-05-28 2020-11-04 Symrise AG Cosmetic compositions
EP3108941B1 (en) 2015-06-23 2018-05-09 Symrise AG Compositions comprising polyalkylene glycol derivatives
KR101790624B1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-10-27 한국콜마주식회사 Cosmetic composition containing extract from stephanafra incisa (thunb.) zabel having anti-inflammation effects and use containing of cosmetic composition as effective ingredients
WO2017071752A1 (en) 2015-10-28 2017-05-04 Symrise Ag Method for inhibiting or masking fishy odours
MX2018005796A (en) 2015-11-15 2018-08-01 Symrise Ag Reduction of stinging sensation on skin.
WO2017097434A1 (en) 2015-12-06 2017-06-15 Symrise Ag A fragrance composition
WO2017097362A1 (en) 2015-12-10 2017-06-15 Symrise Ag Composition with stabilized taste and odor
KR20180124121A (en) 2016-03-30 2018-11-20 시므라이즈 아게 Active mixture
WO2018036625A1 (en) 2016-08-20 2018-03-01 Symrise Ag A preservative mixture
KR101954696B1 (en) * 2016-09-07 2019-03-07 연세대학교 산학협력단 A pharmaceutical composition for treating or prevebting bon disease
BR112018073863B1 (en) 2016-10-11 2022-08-23 Symrise Ag USE OF A COMPOUND OF FORMULA (I), ANTIFUNGAL MIXTURE, COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING SUCH COMPOUND OF FORMULA (I) OR SUCH ANTIFUNGAL MIXTURE AND METHOD TO PREVENT MICROBIAL DETERIORATION OF SUCH COMPOSITIONS
WO2018099580A1 (en) 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 Symrise Ag Mixtures comprising phenyl alkanol and linear alcohol
WO2018099570A1 (en) 2016-12-02 2018-06-07 Symrise Ag Cosmetic blends
FR3061015B1 (en) 2016-12-23 2019-09-20 Basf Beauty Care Solutions France Sas COSMETIC USE OF AN EXTRACT OF CORCHORUS OLITORIUS
TWI605821B (en) * 2017-01-16 2017-11-21 景鑫生物科技股份有限公司 A use of an extract of asplenium australasicum (j. sm.) hook.
CN106770884A (en) * 2017-03-03 2017-05-31 四川德成动物保健品有限公司 The thin-layered chromatography detection method of Radix Angelicae Sinensis in a kind of female biochemistry mixture of benefit
TWI612968B (en) * 2017-07-14 2018-02-01 景鑫生物科技股份有限公司 A use of an extract of asplenium australasicum (j. sm.) hook.
TWI615146B (en) * 2017-07-14 2018-02-21 景鑫生物科技股份有限公司 A use of an extract of asplenium australasicum (j. sm.) hook.
IT201700090929A1 (en) 2017-08-07 2019-02-07 Cutech S R L Cosmetic and medical uses of extracts of Coprinus comatus fungus for the regulation of pilo sebaceous unity.
EP4331684A2 (en) 2017-08-09 2024-03-06 Symrise AG 1,2-alkanediols
KR102637288B1 (en) 2017-10-10 2024-02-16 시므라이즈 아게 Compositions containing benzoic acid derivatives or furoic acid derivatives and uses of the derivatives for emulsion and foam stability
EP3813795A1 (en) 2018-03-08 2021-05-05 Symrise AG Mixtures comprising a protein extract for the treatment of human skin and/or hair
CN108912087B (en) * 2018-05-28 2022-04-26 江苏苏南药业实业有限公司 Method for preparing ginkgo leaf flavone by simulated moving bed chromatography technology
US20210337793A1 (en) 2018-08-27 2021-11-04 Symrise Ag Antimicrobial mixtures comprising at least one hydroxyphenone derivative
CA3113475A1 (en) 2018-09-20 2020-03-26 Symrise Ag Compositions comprising odorless 1,2-pentanediol
KR101953366B1 (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-02-28 정종문 Functional Health Foods Comprising Aloeswood for Promoting Memory and Perceptivity and Preparation Methods Thereof
CA3131978A1 (en) 2019-03-12 2020-09-17 Symrise Ag An antimicrobial mixture
WO2021030717A1 (en) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-18 Ge Nutrients, Inc. Herbal preparation for stimulation of hair growth, control of hair fall, dandruff and infections thereof using ageratum spp.
CN111448989B (en) * 2020-05-19 2021-07-06 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 In-vitro rapid propagation method of Ceratopteris nivea
EP4304621A1 (en) * 2021-03-10 2024-01-17 Wahi Pharmaceuticals Inc. Herbal extract formula for treating coronavirus infection
WO2022215827A1 (en) * 2021-04-08 2022-10-13 주식회사 큐제네틱스 Sanguisorba officinalis linne extract composition inhibiting 3cl protease and rdrp activity of sars-cov-2
FR3124084B1 (en) * 2021-06-21 2023-12-22 Laboratoires De Biologie Vegetale Yves Rocher COSMETIC USE OF A PHACELIA EXTRACT, PARTICULARLY FOR THE CARE OF THE APPLE
FR3124083B1 (en) * 2021-06-21 2023-12-22 Laboratoires De Biologie Vegetale Yves Rocher COSMETIC USE OF A PHACELIA EXTRACT

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4707360A (en) * 1985-04-30 1987-11-17 Seuref A.G. Vasculoprotecting pharmaceutical compositions
US6238674B1 (en) * 1996-12-20 2001-05-29 Parfums Christian Dior Use of an extract of Cordia dichotoma

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US403185A (en) * 1889-05-14 Island
GB2178954B (en) * 1985-08-13 1989-10-25 Moraz Ltd Compositions for treating external tissues and mucuous membranes
CN1174661A (en) * 1997-07-01 1998-03-04 陈康寿 Antscolic extract used on acupuncture point
RU2157177C2 (en) * 1997-10-06 2000-10-10 Бенчаров Юрий Владимирович Biologically active addition to cosmetic agents
RU2139722C1 (en) * 1998-04-13 1999-10-20 Куркин Владимир Александрович Agent "silibokhol" used for treatment of patients with hepatitis and method of its preparing
WO2003000275A1 (en) * 2001-06-21 2003-01-03 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey Recovery of gaultherin from plants
RU2141841C1 (en) * 1999-03-11 1999-11-27 Институт общей и экспериментальной биологии Сибирского отделения РАН Method of preparing agent showing hypoglycemic activity
RU2162132C2 (en) * 1999-04-13 2001-01-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью фирма "Радиус-Сервис" Gerator hydraulic motor
RU2163132C1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2001-02-20 Научно-исследовательский центр традиционной фитотерапии Method of treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases with phytopreparation and medicinal species for treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases
FR2812544B1 (en) * 2000-08-02 2003-03-21 Oreal USE OF AT LEAST ONE EXTRACT OF AT LEAST ONE PLANT OF THE GENUS SALVIA IN COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING SKIN SIGNS OF AGING

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4707360A (en) * 1985-04-30 1987-11-17 Seuref A.G. Vasculoprotecting pharmaceutical compositions
US6238674B1 (en) * 1996-12-20 2001-05-29 Parfums Christian Dior Use of an extract of Cordia dichotoma

Cited By (66)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060228426A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2006-10-12 Benoit Cyr Plant extracts for treatment of angiogenesis and metastasis
US20090263516A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2009-10-22 Biopharmacopae Design International Inc. Plant Extract Composition and Their Use to Modulate Cellular Activity
US20110311661A1 (en) * 2003-11-18 2011-12-22 Stephen Behr Plant Extracts and Dermatological Uses Thereof
US20070264364A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2007-11-15 Avon Products, Inc. Cosmetic compositions having extracts of amomum melegueta and methods of treating skin
US7842316B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2010-11-30 Avon Products, Inc. Cosmetic compositions having extracts of Amomum melegueta and methods of treating skin
US20090004302A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2009-01-01 Biopharmacopae Design International Inc. Methods and Therapeutic Compositions Comprising Plant Extracts for the Treatment of Cancer
WO2006047470A2 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-04 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Compositions containing malva sylvestris extract and use thereof on skin or mucosal tissues
WO2006047470A3 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-06-22 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Compositions containing malva sylvestris extract and use thereof on skin or mucosal tissues
US20060088615A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Miri Seiberg Compositions containing Malva sylvestris extract and use thereof on skin and mucosal tissues
US20060233898A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-10-19 Miri Seiberg Ingestible compositions containing extracts
US20060088608A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Miri Seiberg Compositions containing cotinus coggygria extract and use thereof on skin and mucosal tissues
US20060088616A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Miri Seiberg Compositions containing malva sylvestris extract and use thereof on mucosal tissues
US20100040707A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2010-02-18 Violetta Iotsova Stone Ingestible compositions containing extracts
US20060088609A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Miri Seiberg Compositions containing Cotinus coggygria extract and use thereof on mucosal tissues
US7754248B2 (en) 2004-10-26 2010-07-13 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Ingestible compositions containing extracts
US20070122492A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2007-05-31 Stephen Behr Plant extracts and dermatological uses thereof
EP1671535A1 (en) 2004-12-16 2006-06-21 Stiftung Caesar Center of Advanced European Studies and Research Methods for altering levels of phenolic compounds in plant cells
US20090324759A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2009-12-31 Botanic Oil Innovations, Inc. Immune enhancement by seed oil and/or seed flour
US20070128301A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2007-06-07 Saltzman Daniel A Immune enhancement by seed oil and/or seed flour
US10675313B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2020-06-09 BASF Beauty Care Solutions France HAS2-stimulating plant extracts
US20080254149A1 (en) * 2005-12-16 2008-10-16 Bakto Natural Preservatives, Llc. Recovery of Residual Plant Components After Distillation of Essential Oils
JP2009520080A (en) * 2005-12-16 2009-05-21 バクトー・ナチュラル・プリザーバティブズ・エルエルシー Recovery of residual plant components after distillation of essential oils
US9572849B2 (en) 2005-12-16 2017-02-21 Bakto Natural Preservatives Llc Recovery of residual plant components after distillation of essential oils
WO2007075580A3 (en) * 2005-12-16 2007-11-29 Bakto Flavors Llc Recovery of residual plant components after distillation of essential oils
US20070254051A1 (en) * 2006-03-20 2007-11-01 Dominique Richard Chelation with concentrated plant stem cell therapy
US20070224154A1 (en) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Access Business Group International, Llc Methods of reducing skin irritation
US8057830B2 (en) 2006-03-21 2011-11-15 Access Business Group International Llc Cleansing compositions and methods of reducing skin irritation
US20070224155A1 (en) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Access Business Group International, Llc Cleansing compositions and methods of reducing skin irritation
US20100092581A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2010-04-15 Cynthia Ross Friedman Antibacterial compositions comprising an extract from arceuthobium
US20090011060A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-08 Peter Koepke Campsiandra angustifolia extract and methods of extracting and using such extract
US7879369B2 (en) 2007-09-18 2011-02-01 Selvamedica, Llc Combretum laurifolium Mart. extract and methods of extracting and using such extract
US20090082453A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-03-26 New Biology, Inc. Exogenous Methyl Dihydrojasmonate for Prevention and Control of Biotic Attack in Plants
WO2009054606A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology A composition comprising pentaphylloides fruticosa extract as an active ingredient
US20090133166A1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-21 New Biology, Inc. Methods for Improving Flowering Characteristics Using Methyl Dihydrojasmonate
US9364424B2 (en) 2007-11-19 2016-06-14 Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. Topical cosmetic skin lightening compositions and methods of use thereof
US20110182835A1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2011-07-28 Joao Paulo Caetano Topical Cosmetic Skin Lightening Compositions and Methods of use Thereof
US9241893B2 (en) 2007-11-19 2016-01-26 Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. Topical cosmetic skin lightening compositions and methods of use thereof
US20090282588A1 (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 New Biology, Inc. Methods for Reducing Leaf Senescence Using Methyl Dihydrojasmonate
US8013226B2 (en) 2008-05-06 2011-09-06 New Biology, Inc. Methods for reducing leaf senescence using methyl dihydrojasmonate
US8563839B2 (en) 2008-05-06 2013-10-22 New Biology, Inc. Methods of reducing leaf senescence using methyl dihydrojasmonate
US9301524B2 (en) 2008-05-06 2016-04-05 New Biology, Inc. Methods for reducing leaf senescence using methyl dihydrojasmonate
US8137714B2 (en) 2008-07-25 2012-03-20 Mary Kay Inc. Compositions comprising docynia delavajy extract and/or Elaeagnus lancelotus extract
US20110189322A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2011-08-04 Mary Kay Inc. Compositions comprising docynia delavajy extract and/or elaeagnus lancelotus extract
US9808417B2 (en) 2008-07-25 2017-11-07 Mary Kay Inc. Compositions comprising Docynia delavajy extract and/or Elaeagnus lancelotus extract
US9498427B2 (en) 2008-07-25 2016-11-22 Mary Kay Inc. Compositions comprising Elaeagnus lancelotus extract
US9040104B2 (en) 2008-07-25 2015-05-26 Mary Kay Inc. Compositions comprising Docynia delavajy extract and/or Elaeagnus lancelotus extract
WO2010059140A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. Topical cosmetic skin lightening compositions
WO2010128802A3 (en) * 2009-05-07 2011-03-24 (주)아모레퍼시픽 Composition comprising snowberry extract
WO2010128802A2 (en) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-11 (주)아모레퍼시픽 Composition comprising snowberry extract
US20100314240A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Kai Lin Process of extracting aromatic compounds from plants using bromomethane as a solvent
US9205122B2 (en) 2009-10-22 2015-12-08 Maresins Pharma, Inc. Herbal composition comprising ginger and goldenrod for the treatment of cold and flu
US20140271525A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Mary Kay Inc. Cosmetic compositions
US10842837B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2020-11-24 Mary Kay Inc. Cosmetic compositions
US11547733B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2023-01-10 Mary Kay Inc. Cosmetic compositions
US10111919B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-10-30 Mary Kay Inc. Cosmetic compositions
US9333230B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-05-10 Mary Kay Inc. Cosmetic compositions
JP2014224074A (en) * 2013-05-16 2014-12-04 地方独立行政法人北海道立総合研究機構 Elastase activity inhibitor comprising extracts of salicaceous salix plant
US20150071993A1 (en) * 2013-09-10 2015-03-12 Creative Medical Health Inc. Compositions and Methods for Improving Sleep Using A Nutraceutical Formulation
US9375463B2 (en) * 2013-09-10 2016-06-28 Creative Medical Health, Inc. Compositions and methods for improving sleep using a nutraceutical formulation
JP2015199715A (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-11-12 日本メナード化粧品株式会社 External and internal preparation for skin which contain cichorium intybus irradiated with light having specific wavelength band to cultivate
US20180015134A1 (en) * 2014-11-24 2018-01-18 Postech Academy-Industry Foundation Composition for increasing exercise performance ability and enhancing physical strength, containing composite extract
US9446100B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2016-09-20 Eastern Vision Limited Dietary supplements and formulations
US10105419B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2018-10-23 Eastern Vision Limited Dietary supplements and formulations
CN109959749A (en) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-02 九芝堂股份有限公司 A method of radix polygonati officinalis cream is identified using thin-layered chromatography
CN107970176A (en) * 2018-01-22 2018-05-01 董虎 A kind of composite vegetables extractive and its application in suncream is prepared
US11219652B2 (en) * 2019-05-28 2022-01-11 Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited By Share Ltd. Method for extracting herbal medicine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20140205686A1 (en) 2014-07-24
US20130316432A1 (en) 2013-11-28
US9364508B2 (en) 2016-06-14
EP1370272A1 (en) 2003-12-17
US20110217753A1 (en) 2011-09-08
WO2002069992A1 (en) 2002-09-12
US20090068291A1 (en) 2009-03-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9364508B2 (en) Inhibitors of extracellular proteases
US20090263516A1 (en) Plant Extract Composition and Their Use to Modulate Cellular Activity
US20070122492A1 (en) Plant extracts and dermatological uses thereof
US20090004302A1 (en) Methods and Therapeutic Compositions Comprising Plant Extracts for the Treatment of Cancer
WO2012129683A1 (en) Extracts from plants of the tsuga genus and uses thereof in the treatment of skin disorders
US20020132021A1 (en) Elicited plant products
CN101855235B (en) Protective skin care tetrapeptides
Kang et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory phenylpropanoid glycosides from Clerodendron trichotomum
Jermyn et al. A class of lectins present in the tissues of seed plants
QIU et al. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from sequences of four mitochondrial genes
EP2773366B1 (en) Peptides which inhibit activated receptors and their use in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions
ES2901975T3 (en) Cosmetic containing a fish spawning protein isolate
Walker-Simmons et al. Wound-induced accumulation of trypsin inhibitor activities in plant leaves: survey of several plant genera
KR20180094008A (en) Compounds useful in the treatment and / or care of skin, hair, nails, and / or mucosa
Maia et al. Angiosperm phylogeny based on 18S/26S rDNA sequence data: constructing a large data set using next-generation sequence data
CA2437259A1 (en) Plant extracts and compositions comprising extracellular protease inhibitors
AU771575B2 (en) A method of identifying and recovering products exuded from a plant
Blunden et al. Betaine distribution in Angiosperms
Umamaheswari et al. In vitro angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of seed extract of Raphanus sativus Linn
Oleski et al. Screening of selected Arabian medicinal plant extracts for inhibitory activity against peptidases
Zhao et al. Lectins but not antifungal proteins exhibit anti-nematode activity
Mishra et al. Pathogenecity of Dental Caries; Isolation and Antimicrobial Efficacy by Herbal Plants
Montenez et al. Increased activities of cathepsin B and other lysosomal hydrolases in fibroblasts and bone tissue cultured in the presence of cysteine proteinases inhibitors
CA2358158A1 (en) Elastase inhibitors
Roy et al. The evolution of the actinorhizal symbiosis through phylogenetic analysis of host plants

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: BIOPHARMACOPAE DESIGN INTERNATIONAL INC., CANADA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CYR, BENOIT;REEL/FRAME:014461/0345

Effective date: 20040308

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION