US20090149586A1 - Primary pvc plasticizers derived from vegetable oils, process for obtaining primary pvc plasticizers derived from vegetable oils and plasticized pvc composition - Google Patents
Primary pvc plasticizers derived from vegetable oils, process for obtaining primary pvc plasticizers derived from vegetable oils and plasticized pvc composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090149586A1 US20090149586A1 US12/331,092 US33109208A US2009149586A1 US 20090149586 A1 US20090149586 A1 US 20090149586A1 US 33109208 A US33109208 A US 33109208A US 2009149586 A1 US2009149586 A1 US 2009149586A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pvc
- vegetable oils
- epoxidized
- oil
- primary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000008037 PVC plasticizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 title claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001195 (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002888 oleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-Linolenic acid Chemical compound CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 16
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 28
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- -1 pentaeritritol Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 0 *C(=O)OCC Chemical compound *C(=O)OCC 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QYPJXNMKTZMVPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC(C)C)OCCC(C)C.[Na] Chemical compound C(CC(C)C)OCCC(C)C.[Na] QYPJXNMKTZMVPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005481 linolenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXFXGCPVIYCUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutane Chemical class [CH2]CC(C)C TXFXGCPVIYCUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl Chemical class C[CH2] QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001760 fusel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009884 interesterification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/38—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D303/40—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals by ester radicals
- C07D303/42—Acyclic compounds having a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. epoxidised fats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/027—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule obtained by epoxidation of unsaturated precursor, e.g. polymer or monomer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/14—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G59/1433—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G59/1438—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds containing oxygen
- C08G59/1455—Monocarboxylic acids, anhydrides, halides, or low-molecular-weight esters thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1515—Three-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/006—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by oxidation
Definitions
- Polyvinyl chloride is a polymer well known for its wide range of industrial applications. Its natural rigidity, due to its molecular structure, requires the use of some additives to increase the range of useful applications. These compositions are commonly known as PVC compounds.
- plasticized PVC compounds present high flexibility and are used in films, wire and cable insulation, packaging, hoses, toys, etc.
- Plasticized PVC compounds are obtained by the addition, in different levels, of additives known as plasticizers, to provide the desired flexibility.
- Plasticizers are, in general, high boiling point liquids with average molecular weight (between 300 and 600), linear or cyclic carbon chains (14 to 40 carbons) that, when added to the PVC resin allow for movement between the PVC molecules promoting flexibility to the final compound.
- phthalates obtained from petroleum. In addition to being dependent on the fluctuations of petroleum prices, phthalates are suspect of having adverse effects on human health.
- Epoxidized soybean oil was proposed as a primary plasticizer.
- its low compatibility with PVC limited its use to small quantities, keeping it from completely replacing phthalates as a primary plasticizer.
- Patent GB934689 describes the preparation of esters with high oxirane index (8,5 to 12,33) from vegetable oils with high linolenic acid contents (such as linseed oil) and high iodine index (175 to 200), that are transesterified with lower alcohols and subsequently epoxidized.
- esters obtained from pentaeritritol, trimelitic acid, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and interesterified linseed oil
- plasticizers present the drawback of having larger molecular weight and much higher cost when compared to phthalates.
- Others obtained from methanol still have a price dependency on petroleum.
- the proposed esters are composed by mixtures of esters with oxirane indexes greater than 8.
- the other types of esters have been used as primary plasticizers for PVC only in laboratory tests, indicating the difficulty in obtaining an additive that is both technically and economically viable.
- the objective of the present invention is to obtain technically and economically viable alternatives of primary plasticizers for PVC compounds derived exclusively from renewable sources (vegetable oils, sugar cane ethanol and sugar cane isoamylic alcohol) that are completely compatible with the PVC resin.
- the invention developed compositions of plasticizers obtained from the complete transesterification and epoxidation of vegetable oils, henceforth called epoxidized bioesters.
- Complete transesterification and epoxidation occur when the reactions achieve a minimum of 99% conversion.
- This invention differs from the state of the art by providing epoxidized bioester plasticizers, presenting low linolenic acid content, and oxirane indexes below 8.
- the epoxidized bioesters are obtained by the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with mono-alcohols derived from sugar cane, such as ethanol and isoamylic alcohol, and subsequent epoxidation.
- Vegetable oils are composed by triglycerides that contain glycerin molecules attached to three saturated, mono-unsaturated, di-unsaturated and tri-unsaturated acids such as palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, among others. These fatty acids vary also in regards to the size of the carbon chain, presenting 14 to 18 carbon atoms for the oils referred in this invention.
- the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils is employed to separate these fatty acids from the glycerin molecule and bond them to other alcohol molecules, providing superior properties when compared to those of the triglyceride.
- the transesterification reaction results in the formation of different esters (depending on the type of alcohol used), with a common alcohol termination. This wide range of ester varieties increases the possibilities of compatibility with PVC, in addition to allowing different properties in the plasticized PVC.
- the epoxidation process introduces an atom of oxygen in the double bonds of the fatty acid carbon chain, forming an oxirane ring that makes the ester more polar and thus more compatible with the PVC resin.
- the greater the number of double bonds in the original ester the greater the number of oxirane rings formed, and therefore increased compatibility with PVC.
- the substitution of the double bonds by the oxirane ring in the fatty acid chains increases the chemical and thermal stability of the resulting molecule.
- the compatibility of the epoxidized bioesters with the PVC resin depends on the unsaturation of the original esters and the level of epoxidation of the double bonds.
- the bioesters of this invention present compatibility with PVC even when the resulting oxirane index is below 8, which is not foreseen in the current state of the art.
- the bioesters are obtained by the transesterification of a mixture of vegetable oils or one vegetable oil, such as soybean oil, with ethanol. After obtained, the bioesters are epoxidized.
- the vegetable oils are chosen among the oils with an iodine index between 120 and 170, such as soybean oil, corn oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, or a mixture thereof.
- the refined soybean oil reacts with anhydrous ethanol in the presence of sodium ethoxide based catalysts, in the molar proportion oil:alcohol of 1:10 to 1:30 and temperatures between 80° C. and 120° C.
- the glycerin formed in the reaction is separated and the soybean oil ethyl ester is obtained (ethyl soyate) with a high degree of purity.
- the new ester is then submitted to the epoxidation reaction, where the double bonds of the esters are broken in the presence of free oxygen under specific temperature and mixing condition to form the oxirane rings.
- Another embodiment is the production of bioesters from the transesterification of a mixture of vegetable oils or one vegetable oil, with iodine index between 120 and 170 such as soybean oil, with isoamylic alcohol.
- the isoamylic alcohol is obtained from the residue of sugar cane based ethanol production (also known as fusel oil).
- the bioesters are epoxidized.
- the vegetable oils are chosen among the oils with an iodine index between 120 and 170, such as soybean oil, corn oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, or a mixture thereof.
- TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION First, 35 g of sodium hydroxide 99% (NaOH) are added to 200 ml of anhydrous ethanol, forming sodium ethoxide in a stoichiometric quantity considering the sodium hydroxide amount, with excess ethanol.
- 1 liter of soybean oil is pre-heated to 60° C.
- the 200 ml of sodium/ethanol mixture plus an additional 300 ml of ethanol are added to the reactor.
- the stirring and temperature are maintained constant for 90 minutes.
- the reaction forms glycerin, soybean oil acids ethyl ester and excess ethanol and sodium ethoxide.
- the stirring and heating are turned off and the whole mixture is transferred to a separation funnel.
- the glycerin accumulated in the bottom is removed, leaving only the ester in the funnel.
- the ester is washed with water, adding 1 liter of water to the mixture, intense agitation without heating and subsequent decanting for 3 to 6 hours (depending on the speed of separation) until the two phases present a clear interface.
- the washing procedure is repeated with until the bottom phase is clear after decanting.
- the ester is then dried at 40° C. for 2 to 4 hours until the material is clear and presents no cloudiness.
- EPOXIDATION REACTION In a reactor with mechanical stirring, temperature control and reflux condenser, 500 g of the ethyl ester is added and the temperature is elevated to 80° C. Formic acid is added and the mixture is kept at constant agitation. Slowly (for 45 minutes or more) 184 g of hydrogen peroxide 50% is added, controlling the temperature at 90° C. After the addition of the hydrogen peroxide, the system is maintained at 80° for 4 hours. At the end of the reaction, the water phase is separated from the oil phase in a separation funnel. The oil phase contains the epoxidized ester and the formic acid.
- the final product obtained is the epoxidized ethyl ester of a mixture of soybean oil acids (epoxidized ethyl soyate), which is a viscous transparent liquid slightly yellow and with a faint odor similar in characteristic to the original soybean oil used.
- the epoxidized ethyl ester presents an oxirane index between 4 and 8, linear molecular chain with an average (20 carbon atoms) and lower average molecular weight (about 340) when compared to the epoxidized soybean oil (900).
- R preferably selected randomly from the epoxidized oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids.
- TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION Initially, 35 g of sodium hydroxide 99% are added to 200 ml of isoamylic alcohol, forming sodium isoamyloxide in a stoichiometric quantity related to the sodium hydroxide, with excess isoamylic alcohol.
- 1 liter of soybean oil is preheated to 80° C. and the previously prepared alcohol and sodium hydroxide are added to the reactor, with an additional 1600 ml of isoamylic alcohol. The stirring and temperature are maintained constant for 120 minutes. The reaction produces glycerin, isoamyl ester of soybean oil fatty acids, excess of non-reacted isoamylic alcohol, and sodium isoamyloxide.
- the stirring and heating are turned off and the entire mixture is transferred to separation funnel.
- decanting the glycerin is removed from the funnel, leaving only the ester.
- the isoamyl ester is then washed with water, adding 1 liter of water at 70° C. to the mixture, intense stirring and subsequent decanting for 3 to 6 hours (depending on the speed of separation) until a clear interface appears.
- the aqueous phase is removed from the funnel and the wash is repeated until the material in the aqueous phase is clear.
- the ester is dried by heating at 70° C., for 2 to 4 hours until the material becomes totally clear, without cloudiness.
- EPOXIDATION REACTION In a reactor with mechanical stirring, temperature control and reflux condenser, 500 g of the isoamyl ester is added and the temperature is elevated to 80° C. 60 g of formic acid (91%) is added and the mixture is kept at a constant agitation. Slowly (along 45 minutes or more) 178 g of hydrogen peroxide (50%) is added, controlling the temperature at 90° C. After the addition of the hydrogen peroxide, the system is maintained at 80° for 4 hours. At the end of the reaction, the water phase is separated from the oil phase in a separation funnel. The oil phase contains the epoxidized ester and the formic acid.
- the wash of the oil phase is processed according to the procedure described for the wash of the ethyl ester after the transesterification, although the water needs to be preheated to 50° C. and the wash procedure shall be repeated until all the formic acid has been eliminated.
- the finished product presents an oxirane index above 4.5, acidity below 5 mg KOH/g, characteristic odor, and slight yellow color.
- the final product obtained is the epoxidized isoamyl ester (epoxidized isoamyl soyate) of a mixture of soybean oil acids, which is a viscous transparent liquid slightly yellow and with a faint odor similar in characteristic to the original soybean oil used.
- the epoxidized isoamyl soyate presents an oxirane index between 4 and 8, linear molecular chain with average (23 carbon atoms) and lower average molecular weight (380) when compared to the epoxidized soybean oil.
- plasticizers of epoxidized isoamyl soyate present the followinq formula:
- R is preferably selected randomly from the epoxidized oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid groups.
- plasticized PVC is obtained by mixing i) 100 parts (weight/weight) of at least one type of PVC resin; ii) 1 to 200 parts (weight/weight) of plasticizer, which consists of epoxidized bioesters with an oxirane index below 8; the mixture is then homogenized and later extruded.
- the plasticizer is made from vegetable oils completely transesterified with ethanol and later epoxidized, such as the esters of the type epoxidized ethyl soyate.
- the plasticizer is made from vegetable oils completely transesterified with isoamylic alcohol and later epoxidized, such as the esters of the type epoxidized isoamyl soyate.
- the plasticizer is made from a mixture of epoxidized ethanol and isoamylic alcohol bioesters, such as epoxidized ethyl soyate and epoxidized isoamyl soyate.
- the plasticized PVC is therefore free of phthalate plasticizers. It is important to point out that the plasticizers composed of epoxidized bioesters of ethanol and/or isoamylic alcohol provide some property improvements to the plasticized PVC, improvements not foreseen in the state of the art, such as greater flexibility, greater resistance to UV light degradation, better physical properties at low temperatures, better mixture efficiency (salvation) of the PVC resin and better resistance to aliphatic solvents extraction.
- PVC compounds plasticized with the objects of this invention present superiority in all these properties when compared to plasticized PVC prepared with plasticizers revealed by the state of the art while keeping the same proportion of plasticizer/PVC resin.
- the epoxidized isoamyl soyate When compared to the epoxidized ethyl soyate, the epoxidized isoamyl soyate has a heavier and longer carbon chain, allowing for its use in applications requiring greater permanence over time.
- plasticizers of this invention work out the inconveniencies described in the state of the art, presenting the following additional advantages:
Abstract
The present descriptive report refers to a patent of invention of primary PVC plasticizers composed of epoxidized ethyl and/or isoamyl esters of vegetable oil fatty acids and to the compounds of PVC plasticized with epoxidized bioesters, belonging to the technical field of polymer additives, developed from renewable sources such as vegetable oils and sugar cane, to reduce the cost and improve the properties of PVC compounds. The epoxidized bioesters are suitable to be added to at least one PVC resin and are obtained from a transesterification reaction of at least one type of vegetable oil with ethanol or isoamylic alcohol and subsequent epoxidation, presenting oxirane index equal to or less than 8. These primary plasticizers provide improvements to the properties of the compounded PVC not foreseen in the state of the art, such as better physical properties at low temperatures, greater flexibility of the final compound, higher mixing efficiency of the resin, improved resistance to aliphatic solvents extraction and improved resistance to UV degradation.
Description
- The present descriptive report refers to a patent of invention of PVC plasticizers composed of ethyl and/or isoamyl esters of vegetable oil fatty acids, obtained by transesterification and epoxidation and PVC compounds plasticized with bioesters, belonging to the technical field of polymer additives that were developed to improve the properties of PVC polymers, in addition to providing a lower cost for renewable compounds, such as those obtained with the use of vegetable oils.
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer well known for its wide range of industrial applications. Its natural rigidity, due to its molecular structure, requires the use of some additives to increase the range of useful applications. These compositions are commonly known as PVC compounds.
- Among known compounds, plasticized PVC compounds present high flexibility and are used in films, wire and cable insulation, packaging, hoses, toys, etc. Plasticized PVC compounds are obtained by the addition, in different levels, of additives known as plasticizers, to provide the desired flexibility.
- Plasticizers are, in general, high boiling point liquids with average molecular weight (between 300 and 600), linear or cyclic carbon chains (14 to 40 carbons) that, when added to the PVC resin allow for movement between the PVC molecules promoting flexibility to the final compound.
- Currently, the major primary plasticizers used in the industry are the phthalates, obtained from petroleum. In addition to being dependent on the fluctuations of petroleum prices, phthalates are suspect of having adverse effects on human health.
- As a result, a search was initiated to find alternatives that are technically and economically viable to replace petroleum based plasticizers. Epoxidized soybean oil was proposed as a primary plasticizer. However, its low compatibility with PVC limited its use to small quantities, keeping it from completely replacing phthalates as a primary plasticizer.
- Another proposition was the use of epoxidized linseed oil, that in spite of having a similar molecular weight to soybean oil presents a higher oxirane index (8 to 12) and thus greater compatibility with PVC. However, its use is severely restricted due to its higher price.
- As such, several initiatives have proposed the use of epoxidized bioesters, obtained from the transesterification or interesterification of vegetable oils combined with epoxidation, as primary plasticizers for PVC. Patent GB934689 describes the preparation of esters with high oxirane index (8,5 to 12,33) from vegetable oils with high linolenic acid contents (such as linseed oil) and high iodine index (175 to 200), that are transesterified with lower alcohols and subsequently epoxidized. Patents U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,886 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,886,072 propose the use of esters of soybean oil transesterified with pentaeritritol, whereas the latter patent proposes the use of these esters in a mixture with other plasticizers. Patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,605,694 describes the use of trimelitic acid and pentaeritritol esters, while the patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,430,108 proposes the use of esters of pentaeritritol with alcanoic acid. Finally, the Brazilian patent application BR 0111905-2 describes the use of soybean oil transesterified with methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, pentaeritritol, saccharose, and interesterified linseed oil.
- Some of these esters (obtained from pentaeritritol, trimelitic acid, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and interesterified linseed oil) as plasticizers present the drawback of having larger molecular weight and much higher cost when compared to phthalates. Others obtained from methanol, still have a price dependency on petroleum. Additionally, the proposed esters are composed by mixtures of esters with oxirane indexes greater than 8. Finally, with exception of the methanol esters, the other types of esters have been used as primary plasticizers for PVC only in laboratory tests, indicating the difficulty in obtaining an additive that is both technically and economically viable.
- Therefore, the objective of the present invention is to obtain technically and economically viable alternatives of primary plasticizers for PVC compounds derived exclusively from renewable sources (vegetable oils, sugar cane ethanol and sugar cane isoamylic alcohol) that are completely compatible with the PVC resin.
- With the purpose of overcoming the aforementioned problems and complying with the objectives previously described, the invention developed compositions of plasticizers obtained from the complete transesterification and epoxidation of vegetable oils, henceforth called epoxidized bioesters. Complete transesterification and epoxidation occur when the reactions achieve a minimum of 99% conversion. This invention differs from the state of the art by providing epoxidized bioester plasticizers, presenting low linolenic acid content, and oxirane indexes below 8. The epoxidized bioesters are obtained by the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with mono-alcohols derived from sugar cane, such as ethanol and isoamylic alcohol, and subsequent epoxidation.
- Vegetable oils are composed by triglycerides that contain glycerin molecules attached to three saturated, mono-unsaturated, di-unsaturated and tri-unsaturated acids such as palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, among others. These fatty acids vary also in regards to the size of the carbon chain, presenting 14 to 18 carbon atoms for the oils referred in this invention.
- The transesterification reaction of vegetable oils is employed to separate these fatty acids from the glycerin molecule and bond them to other alcohol molecules, providing superior properties when compared to those of the triglyceride. The transesterification reaction results in the formation of different esters (depending on the type of alcohol used), with a common alcohol termination. This wide range of ester varieties increases the possibilities of compatibility with PVC, in addition to allowing different properties in the plasticized PVC.
- The epoxidation process, of public domain, introduces an atom of oxygen in the double bonds of the fatty acid carbon chain, forming an oxirane ring that makes the ester more polar and thus more compatible with the PVC resin. The greater the number of double bonds in the original ester, the greater the number of oxirane rings formed, and therefore increased compatibility with PVC. In addition, the substitution of the double bonds by the oxirane ring in the fatty acid chains increases the chemical and thermal stability of the resulting molecule.
- The compatibility of the epoxidized bioesters with the PVC resin depends on the unsaturation of the original esters and the level of epoxidation of the double bonds. The bioesters of this invention present compatibility with PVC even when the resulting oxirane index is below 8, which is not foreseen in the current state of the art.
- In a preferred embodiment the bioesters are obtained by the transesterification of a mixture of vegetable oils or one vegetable oil, such as soybean oil, with ethanol. After obtained, the bioesters are epoxidized. The vegetable oils are chosen among the oils with an iodine index between 120 and 170, such as soybean oil, corn oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, or a mixture thereof.
- In the transesterification reaction, the refined soybean oil reacts with anhydrous ethanol in the presence of sodium ethoxide based catalysts, in the molar proportion oil:alcohol of 1:10 to 1:30 and temperatures between 80° C. and 120° C. The glycerin formed in the reaction is separated and the soybean oil ethyl ester is obtained (ethyl soyate) with a high degree of purity. The new ester is then submitted to the epoxidation reaction, where the double bonds of the esters are broken in the presence of free oxygen under specific temperature and mixing condition to form the oxirane rings.
- Another embodiment is the production of bioesters from the transesterification of a mixture of vegetable oils or one vegetable oil, with iodine index between 120 and 170 such as soybean oil, with isoamylic alcohol. The isoamylic alcohol is obtained from the residue of sugar cane based ethanol production (also known as fusel oil). After formed, the bioesters are epoxidized. The vegetable oils are chosen among the oils with an iodine index between 120 and 170, such as soybean oil, corn oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, or a mixture thereof.
- The transesterification process is similar to that used in the production of ethyl soyate, replacing the catalyst system by alkyl sodium oxides, and molar proportions oil:alcohol of 1:15 to 1:50 and temperatures in the range between 80° C. and 130° C. The resulting ester is submitted to the same epoxidation process used in the production of the epoxidized ethyl soyate.
- The processes of preparation of the epoxidized ethyl and isoamyl bioesters are detailed below.
- 1—EPOXIDIZED ETHYL SOYATE
- TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION: First, 35 g of sodium hydroxide 99% (NaOH) are added to 200 ml of anhydrous ethanol, forming sodium ethoxide in a stoichiometric quantity considering the sodium hydroxide amount, with excess ethanol. In a reactor with mechanical stirring, 1 liter of soybean oil is pre-heated to 60° C. The 200 ml of sodium/ethanol mixture plus an additional 300 ml of ethanol are added to the reactor. The stirring and temperature are maintained constant for 90 minutes. The reaction forms glycerin, soybean oil acids ethyl ester and excess ethanol and sodium ethoxide. After the reaction, the stirring and heating are turned off and the whole mixture is transferred to a separation funnel. After 10 hours decanting, the glycerin accumulated in the bottom is removed, leaving only the ester in the funnel. The ester is washed with water, adding 1 liter of water to the mixture, intense agitation without heating and subsequent decanting for 3 to 6 hours (depending on the speed of separation) until the two phases present a clear interface. The washing procedure is repeated with until the bottom phase is clear after decanting. The ester is then dried at 40° C. for 2 to 4 hours until the material is clear and presents no cloudiness.
- EPOXIDATION REACTION: In a reactor with mechanical stirring, temperature control and reflux condenser, 500 g of the ethyl ester is added and the temperature is elevated to 80° C. Formic acid is added and the mixture is kept at constant agitation. Slowly (for 45 minutes or more) 184 g of hydrogen peroxide 50% is added, controlling the temperature at 90° C. After the addition of the hydrogen peroxide, the system is maintained at 80° for 4 hours. At the end of the reaction, the water phase is separated from the oil phase in a separation funnel. The oil phase contains the epoxidized ester and the formic acid. The wash of the oil phase is processed according to the procedure described for the wash of the ethyl ester after the transesterification; although the water needs to be preheated to 50° C. and the wash procedure shall be repeated until all the formic acid has been eliminated. The finished product present an oxirane index above 4.5, acidity below 5 mg KOH/g, characteristic odor and slight yellow color.
- The final product obtained is the epoxidized ethyl ester of a mixture of soybean oil acids (epoxidized ethyl soyate), which is a viscous transparent liquid slightly yellow and with a faint odor similar in characteristic to the original soybean oil used. The epoxidized ethyl ester presents an oxirane index between 4 and 8, linear molecular chain with an average (20 carbon atoms) and lower average molecular weight (about 340) when compared to the epoxidized soybean oil (900).
- The composition of the epoxidized ethyl soyate presents the following formula:
- With R preferably selected randomly from the epoxidized oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids.
- 2—EPOXIDIZED ISOAMYL SOYATE
- TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION: Initially, 35 g of sodium hydroxide 99% are added to 200 ml of isoamylic alcohol, forming sodium isoamyloxide in a stoichiometric quantity related to the sodium hydroxide, with excess isoamylic alcohol. In a reactor with mechanical agitation, 1 liter of soybean oil is preheated to 80° C. and the previously prepared alcohol and sodium hydroxide are added to the reactor, with an additional 1600 ml of isoamylic alcohol. The stirring and temperature are maintained constant for 120 minutes. The reaction produces glycerin, isoamyl ester of soybean oil fatty acids, excess of non-reacted isoamylic alcohol, and sodium isoamyloxide. After the reaction, the stirring and heating are turned off and the entire mixture is transferred to separation funnel. After 10 hours decanting the glycerin is removed from the funnel, leaving only the ester. The isoamyl ester is then washed with water, adding 1 liter of water at 70° C. to the mixture, intense stirring and subsequent decanting for 3 to 6 hours (depending on the speed of separation) until a clear interface appears. The aqueous phase is removed from the funnel and the wash is repeated until the material in the aqueous phase is clear. The ester is dried by heating at 70° C., for 2 to 4 hours until the material becomes totally clear, without cloudiness.
- EPOXIDATION REACTION: In a reactor with mechanical stirring, temperature control and reflux condenser, 500 g of the isoamyl ester is added and the temperature is elevated to 80° C. 60 g of formic acid (91%) is added and the mixture is kept at a constant agitation. Slowly (along 45 minutes or more) 178 g of hydrogen peroxide (50%) is added, controlling the temperature at 90° C. After the addition of the hydrogen peroxide, the system is maintained at 80° for 4 hours. At the end of the reaction, the water phase is separated from the oil phase in a separation funnel. The oil phase contains the epoxidized ester and the formic acid. The wash of the oil phase is processed according to the procedure described for the wash of the ethyl ester after the transesterification, although the water needs to be preheated to 50° C. and the wash procedure shall be repeated until all the formic acid has been eliminated. The finished product presents an oxirane index above 4.5, acidity below 5 mg KOH/g, characteristic odor, and slight yellow color.
- The final product obtained is the epoxidized isoamyl ester (epoxidized isoamyl soyate) of a mixture of soybean oil acids, which is a viscous transparent liquid slightly yellow and with a faint odor similar in characteristic to the original soybean oil used. The epoxidized isoamyl soyate presents an oxirane index between 4 and 8, linear molecular chain with average (23 carbon atoms) and lower average molecular weight (380) when compared to the epoxidized soybean oil.
- The plasticizers of epoxidized isoamyl soyate present the followinq formula:
- R is preferably selected randomly from the epoxidized oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid groups.
- In another embodiment, plasticized PVC is obtained by mixing i) 100 parts (weight/weight) of at least one type of PVC resin; ii) 1 to 200 parts (weight/weight) of plasticizer, which consists of epoxidized bioesters with an oxirane index below 8; the mixture is then homogenized and later extruded.
- In a preferred embodiment the plasticizer is made from vegetable oils completely transesterified with ethanol and later epoxidized, such as the esters of the type epoxidized ethyl soyate. In another preferred embodiment the plasticizer is made from vegetable oils completely transesterified with isoamylic alcohol and later epoxidized, such as the esters of the type epoxidized isoamyl soyate. In another preferred embodiment the plasticizer is made from a mixture of epoxidized ethanol and isoamylic alcohol bioesters, such as epoxidized ethyl soyate and epoxidized isoamyl soyate.
- The plasticized PVC is therefore free of phthalate plasticizers. It is important to point out that the plasticizers composed of epoxidized bioesters of ethanol and/or isoamylic alcohol provide some property improvements to the plasticized PVC, improvements not foreseen in the state of the art, such as greater flexibility, greater resistance to UV light degradation, better physical properties at low temperatures, better mixture efficiency (salvation) of the PVC resin and better resistance to aliphatic solvents extraction.
- PVC compounds plasticized with the objects of this invention present superiority in all these properties when compared to plasticized PVC prepared with plasticizers revealed by the state of the art while keeping the same proportion of plasticizer/PVC resin.
- When compared to the epoxidized ethyl soyate, the epoxidized isoamyl soyate has a heavier and longer carbon chain, allowing for its use in applications requiring greater permanence over time.
- Therefore, the plasticizers of this invention work out the inconveniencies described in the state of the art, presenting the following additional advantages:
- 1. Can be produced from natural, renewable and economically viable sources (sugar cane and soybean oil), in addition to being adequate to human contact;
- 2. Are totally compatible with the PVC resin, when compared to the epoxidized soybean oil;
- 3. Present less odor and coloration when compared to the epoxidized soybean oil;
- 4. Present competitive costs when compared to all primary plasticizers and significantly lower costs when compared to the current alternatives to replace phthalates (trimelitates, citrates, polimerics);
- 5. Provide better plasticization efficiency in the PVC compound when compared to the current primary plasticizers alternatives or the majority of the developments of the state of the art, producing lighter and more flexible compounds with less plasticizers;
- 6. Offer better mixture efficiency (salvation) with the PVC resin, when compared to the current alternatives or plasticizers revealed by the state of the art, allowing more efficient production processes for the PVC industry;
- 7. Aid in the thermal stabilization of PVC, allowing more processing tolerance or cost reduction of the stabilizers package, when compared to the current alternatives of primary plasticizers;
- 8. Offer better UV resistance to the PVC compound allowing the use of PVC compounds for longer periods or cost reduction of the UV protection additive packages, when compared to the current primary plasticizers alternatives;
- 9. Provide better physical properties at low temperatures, when compared to the current primary plasticizers alternatives based on phthalates;
- 10. Provide better resistance to aliphatic solvent extraction, when compared to current alternatives of primary plasticizers, mainly phthalates;
- In summary, the objects of this invention present complementary benefits and additional advantages that are not foreseen by the state of the art.
- The scope of this patent of invention shall not be limited to the described applications, but to the terms defined in the claims and its equivalents.
Claims (16)
2. PRIMARY PVC PLASTICIZERS DERIVED FROM VEGETABLE OILS, according to claim 1 , wherein the fact that said plasticizer is epoxidized ethyl ester.
3. PRIMARY PVC PLASTICIZERS DERIVED FROM VEGETABLE OILS, according to claim 2 , wherein said plasticizer is epoxidized ethyl soyate.
4. PRIMARY PVC PLASTICIZERS DERIVED FROM VEGETABLE OILS, according to claim 1 , wherein said plasticizer presents oxirane index equal to or less than 8.
5. PROCESS FOR OBTAINING PRIMARY PVC PLASTICIZERS DERIVED FROM VEGETABLE OILS, as defined in claim 1 , wherein comprising the steps of:
complete transesterification of at least one vegetable oil with ethanol;
subsequent epoxidation of the ester obtained at the step of transesterification.
6. PROCESS, according to claim 5 , wherein said vegetable oil is selected from soybean oil, corn oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, or a mixture thereof.
7. PROCESS, according to claim 6 , wherein said vegetable oil is soybean oil.
9. PRIMARY PVC PLASTICIZERS DERIVED FROM VEGETABLE OILS, according to claim 8 , wherein said plasticizer is epoxidized isoamylic ester.
10. PRIMARY PVC PLASTICIZERS DERIVED FROM VEGETABLE OILS, according to claim 8 , wherein said plasticizer is epoxidized isoamyl soyate.
11. PRIMARY PVC PLASTICIZERS DERIVED FROM VEGETABLE OILS, according to claims 8 to 10 , wherein said plasticizer presents oxirane index equal to or less than 8.
12. PROCESS FOR OBTAINING PRIMARY PVC PLASTICIZERS DERIVED FROM VEGETABLE OILS, as defined in claim 8 , comprising the steps of:
complete transesterification of at least one vegetable oil with isoamylic alcohol;
subsequent epoxidation of the ester obtained at the step of transesterification.
13. PROCESS, according to claim 12 , wherein said vegetable oil is selected from soybean oil, corn oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, or a mixture thereof.
14. PROCESS, according to claim 13 , wherein said vegetable oil is soybean oil.
15. PLASTICIZED PVC COMPOSITION, comprising:
i) 100 parts (weight/weight) of at least one PVC resin;
ii) 1 to 200 parts weight/weight) of at least one ester as defined in claim 1 .
16. PLASTICIZED PVC COMPOSITION, comprising:
i) 100 parts (weight/weight) of at least one PVC resin;
ii) 1 to 200 parts weight/weight) of at least one ester as defined in claim 9 .
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2726175T3 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
BRPI0705621B1 (en) | 2019-04-09 |
EP2070977B1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
US20140316038A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
EP2960282B1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
DK2070977T3 (en) | 2015-10-05 |
CY1116883T1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
PT2070977E (en) | 2016-01-15 |
EP2070977A3 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
TR201906236T4 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
PT2960282T (en) | 2019-05-27 |
EP2070977A2 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
BRPI0705621A2 (en) | 2009-08-18 |
EP2960282A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
DK2960282T3 (en) | 2019-05-13 |
US9388292B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 |
US20140221538A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
SI2070977T1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
US9303140B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
ES2555781T3 (en) | 2016-01-08 |
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