US2238214A - Fountain pen - Google Patents

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US2238214A
US2238214A US262163A US26216339A US2238214A US 2238214 A US2238214 A US 2238214A US 262163 A US262163 A US 262163A US 26216339 A US26216339 A US 26216339A US 2238214 A US2238214 A US 2238214A
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tube
pen
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rubber
pump
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Dole Kenneth
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43KIMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K5/00Pens with ink reservoirs in holders, e.g. fountain-pens
    • B43K5/02Ink reservoirs
    • B43K5/04Ink reservoirs flexible

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fountain pens of the type adapted to be filled by operation of an elastic pump usually in the form of a rubber tube or sac located within the barrel of the pen and operated by twisting to fill or empty the pen.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, and durable pen of the above character wherein the rubber pump will operate with ease and efiiciency, and in which the lengthwise folds resulting from twisting will not bulge the body of the tube to any considerable extent or cause chafing against the surrounding inner wall of the pen-barrel.
  • a pump tube incorporating the foregoing features of improvement may be molded or otherwise formed from suitable elastic material so as to provide, for instance, three lengthwise gen erally diagonal ribs or sets of narrow channels equally spaced apart around the inner periphery of the tube. These ribs or channels cause the tube to fold or crease along three well defined lines spirally of the pump body when twisted.
  • the twisted wall of the rubber body consequently rearranges itself adjacent the crease lines and shows in cross-section three folds or ridges spirally along the wall of the tube, and with the rubber crowded inward toward the axis to exhaust the tube prior to filling.
  • the present pump tube is intended to overcome the faults of the filler-tube or sac in previous twist-filler pens. These faults have all arisen from the fact that an elastic tube when twisted winds up normally with two folds, flattening out and bulging at the beginning of the twist, and then turning over on itself and collapsing. A tube one quarter of an inch in diameter, for example, bulges as much as a sixteenth of an inch at each of the two folds, or a total of an eighth of an inch. This bulging necessitates either allowing the tube to rub against the wall of the barrel, or the use of such a small tube as to reduce the ink capacity of the pen considerably and make the pumping so difficult as to require many twists to fill the pen.
  • Figure l is a lengthwise section through a pen embodying the improved rubber pump of this invention
  • Figure 6 illustrates one line of curvature the ribs or channels may follow
  • Figures 11 and 12 a side view and section of another tube.
  • the improved filling pump of this invention may be incorporated in any suitable form of pen construction employing means for twisting the rubber tube about its axis to cause folding and unfolding of the rubber wall.
  • the pen is shown in the drawings as including a body I which may be made in two sections shown as barrel section 2 and reservoir section 3 joined together at the point 4, the section 3 being formed to provide a nipple or reduced portion 5 and a shoulder B.
  • the writing end of the pen is provided with a stock 1 threaded at 8 into the outer end 9 of the section 3 and holding a nib Ill.
  • the other end of the pen carries a turning knob ll loosely threaded at [2 into the end of the section 2.
  • an elastic pumping element preferably in the form of a rubber tube l4, enclosed within the inner wall l5 of the barrel section 2, the upper end It of the tube being held tightly within a circular cavity ll of the turning knob by an internal bushing I8, while the lower end IQ of the tube is held tightly between the nipple 5 and the inner wall portion 23 of the barrel section 2.
  • Rotation of the turning knob ll results in a twisting of the tube id to pump ink into the pen through the channel 21.
  • An air-vent tube 22 mounted in a feed-bar 23 extends along the interior of the pen and has an opening 24 communicating with the channel 2
  • the rubber tube i l may be formed with a series of internal, uniformly spaced, channels 28 extending lengthwise in a helical curve such as indicated at 293 in Figures 2 and 3, wherein the lines of channels curve in one direction at one end, and in the other direction at the opposite end. These channels establish predetermined lines for the wall of the rubber tube to fold along when twisted during the pumping operation set in action by the turning knob.
  • FIG. 4 Another example of construction resulting in controlled folding is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, wherein the elastic tube M has a series (three) internal ribs 30 extending lengthwise of the tube in the same general contour as described in connection with Figure 2. These ribs preferably take the form shown in cross-section in Figure 5,
  • an obtuse angle 3! is formed on one side I of a rib, and an acute angle 32 on the other side of the rib.
  • the rubber wall may be made thinner at the sides of the ribs as indicated at 33.
  • the walls of the tubes l4 and I4 are thinner at the lower end l9 than at the other end, being tapered so that when twisted, the tubes will wind upward, forcing the air, or ink and air, toward the top of the pen.
  • Rubber pump tubes of the improved kind as described herein may be produced by dipping specially shaped forms in latex, or by pouring latex into suitable molds.
  • the latex flows when the form has been lifted from the dipping bath, down across the obtuse edge into the groove, then down toward the bottom of the form, and a certain amount out of the groove across the acute edge.
  • the line of thin rubber results as indicated at 33 along the obtuse edge, and the line of thinner rubber 33' along the acute edge. Since the outer crease in a fold tends to turn before the inner crease, the fold can be made to lap in the right direction by having the outer crease made of slightly thinner rubber than the inner crease, and by having the acute edge of the groove on the proper side for the outer crease. This is important for the reason that if the fold lapped over in the wrong direction it would merely become part of the fold next to it, and the tube would wind up with two folds resulting in bulging.
  • a third type of form is more suitable. Instead of a grOOVe for making the creases, this form has a pair of ridges. The rubber is thinner over the top of the ridges, and the creases fold along the thin rubber.
  • the lower end of the tube I 4 or M is cemented on to the nipple 5 forming the upper end of section 3 which has the shoulder 6.
  • Section 2 is then pressed on to section 3 tightly about the lower end I9 of the tube.
  • the bushing I8 is then inserted some distance into the upper end [6 of the tube.
  • a small amount of cement is brushed over the surface of the cavity I! of the turning knob, and the latter is then screwed on to section 2, with the upper end l6 of the tube entering it.
  • a special tool is then used to force the bushing l8 into place.
  • the nipple will comprise a separate part held between the sections of the pen barrel, as will be readily understood.
  • the barrel 40 has internal threads 4
  • a feed-bar 44 holding a nib .5 is located within a bore 46 of the stock 43.
  • the opposite end of the pen carries a turning knob il loosely threaded at 48 into the upper end of the barrel 4!] so as to be freely rotatable therein.
  • a tube support 49 at this end of the barrel is threaded into a cavity 5! of the turning knob 41, and is slightly reduced at 5
  • the lower end 54 of the rubber tube 53 is received on a reduced portion 55 of an intermediate support 55 threaded at 51 into the slightly thicker portion 58 of the pen barrel.
  • Both ends of the pump tube 53 may be cemented on to their respective supports and further reinforced by winding a few turns of silk or cotton over the ends.
  • the pump tube 53 preferably is tapered in crosssection, being thinner and more pliant at its lower end M than at its upper end 52 which is thicker and less pliant, so that when the tube is twisted about its longitudinal axis it twists from its lower end first, forcing the air or ink to the upper part of the pen.
  • the pen barrel encloses a vent-tube 59 seated at one end within a cavity 60 deep enough to insure that the tube at this end will not become disengaged when the knob 41 is turned to twist the rubber pump tube 53.
  • of the vent-tube 59 is held in a bore 62 in the feedbar 44 and has a small opening 63 communicating with the ink channel 64.
  • a similar small opening 65 is located in the vent-tube at the other end of the pen.
  • the wall of the tube is shaped to provide indentations 66 or thinned areas which predetermined the lines of folding to be developed in the tube when twisted about its axis.
  • These indentations may be nine or any other suitable number, there being three in a slanting row in the present example, so that the Y wall of the tube will fold along the three lines defined by the slanting rows of indentations, which are the lines of least resistance, and will consequently fold in three definite folds free from chafing against the pen barrel.
  • the pens are filled by turning the knobs back and forth in the well known manner, and the filling operation is substantially as follows.
  • the pump tube Winds up on itself along the definite creases or fold lines as described, causing the rubber wall to move inward toward the vent-tube, expelling the air within it through the upper part of the pen and through the opening 65, down through the vent-tube, into the opening 63 and out of the pen through the ink channel 64.
  • suction is created by the pump tube unwinding and returning to its original condition, and ink is drawn in through the ink channel 64 and into the lower part of the barrel or reservoir.
  • tubular cross-section as used in the claims is intended to mean all possible forms of rubber or elastic pump section in which an elastic wall creates a pumping effect when twisted, and whether such section is in an open tube, sac, or otherwise.
  • materials of the pen may be varied as desired, and the lower end of the pen barrel, and the turning knob, or the entire pen body, may be made transparent to allow view of the ink.
  • a pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross-section provided with ribs arranged to cause the Wall of said body to collapse with three or more lengthwise folds when twisted axially, said wall being thinned along both sides of the ribs.
  • a pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross section having a wall formed with equidistant pairs of lengthwise channels, one channel in each pair being deeper than the other.
  • a pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross section having a wall formed with generally slanting lines of lengthwise indented areas, the wall being of the same thickness throughout.
  • a pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross section, with a wall tapering in thickness from end to end, provided with equidistant pairs of lengthwise channels.
  • a pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross-section capable of twisting, having a wall formed with pairs of internal, helical channels, each pair be-v ing an equal distance from adjoining pairs, running lengthwise in the elastic body and having its middle section more on the line of the longitudinal plane of the body than its ends.
  • a pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross-section capable of twisting, having a wall formed with pairs of internal channels, each pair being at an equal distance from adjoining pairs, and with one end curving in the same direction as the other end.

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. fif/V/Vff/f 00A 15 FOUNTAIN PEN Filecl. arch 16. 1939 Patentedl Apr. 15, 1941 iJNlTED STTS A'ENT OFFICE FOUNTAIN PEN Kenneth Dole, Melrose, Mass. Application March 16, 1939, Serial No. 262,163
6 Claims.
This invention relates to fountain pens of the type adapted to be filled by operation of an elastic pump usually in the form of a rubber tube or sac located within the barrel of the pen and operated by twisting to fill or empty the pen.
This application is a continuation in part of my prior application Serial No. 248,159, filed December 29, 1938.
The principal object of the invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, and durable pen of the above character wherein the rubber pump will operate with ease and efiiciency, and in which the lengthwise folds resulting from twisting will not bulge the body of the tube to any considerable extent or cause chafing against the surrounding inner wall of the pen-barrel.
This desirable result is attained by so constructing the rubber tube that it will fold along a number of predetermined lines lengthwise during twisting, with assurance that the rubber will automatically form itself into proper shape, both lengthwise and circumferentially, to clear the inner wall of the pen barrel. Formerly in rubber pumps of this type the indiscriminate folds resulting from twisting caused considerable friction against the pen barrel and gave much annoyance due to delayed pumping action.
A pump tube incorporating the foregoing features of improvement may be molded or otherwise formed from suitable elastic material so as to provide, for instance, three lengthwise gen erally diagonal ribs or sets of narrow channels equally spaced apart around the inner periphery of the tube. These ribs or channels cause the tube to fold or crease along three well defined lines spirally of the pump body when twisted. The twisted wall of the rubber body consequently rearranges itself adjacent the crease lines and shows in cross-section three folds or ridges spirally along the wall of the tube, and with the rubber crowded inward toward the axis to exhaust the tube prior to filling.
The present pump tube is intended to overcome the faults of the filler-tube or sac in previous twist-filler pens. These faults have all arisen from the fact that an elastic tube when twisted winds up normally with two folds, flattening out and bulging at the beginning of the twist, and then turning over on itself and collapsing. A tube one quarter of an inch in diameter, for example, bulges as much as a sixteenth of an inch at each of the two folds, or a total of an eighth of an inch. This bulging necessitates either allowing the tube to rub against the wall of the barrel, or the use of such a small tube as to reduce the ink capacity of the pen considerably and make the pumping so difficult as to require many twists to fill the pen. Owing to the demand for large capacity pens, manufacturers have had no choice except to employ a tube large enough to pump efficiently and fill the pen quickly, even though rubbing against the pen barrel was inevitable. In some cases, a shorter, less efficient pumping tube has been used in an attempt to solve the difficulty, but without satisfactory results.
The various features and constructional details of the present invention which overcome the foregoing difficulties will apear as the description proceeds, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure l is a lengthwise section through a pen embodying the improved rubber pump of this invention,
Figure 2, a lengthwise section of one form of pump tube,
Figure 3, a cross-section on the line 3--3 of Figure 2,
Figure i, a lengthwise sectional view of another form of pump tube,
Figure 5, a cross-section on the line 55 of Figure 4.,
Figure 6 illustrates one line of curvature the ribs or channels may follow,
Figure '7, another such line,
Figures 8 and 9, cross-sections of the twisted tubes respectively of Figures 2 and 4,
Figure 10, another similar form of pen construction, and
Figures 11 and 12, a side view and section of another tube.
The improved filling pump of this invention may be incorporated in any suitable form of pen construction employing means for twisting the rubber tube about its axis to cause folding and unfolding of the rubber wall.
For the purpose of illustration, the pen is shown in the drawings as including a body I which may be made in two sections shown as barrel section 2 and reservoir section 3 joined together at the point 4, the section 3 being formed to provide a nipple or reduced portion 5 and a shoulder B.
The writing end of the pen is provided with a stock 1 threaded at 8 into the outer end 9 of the section 3 and holding a nib Ill. The other end of the pen carries a turning knob ll loosely threaded at [2 into the end of the section 2.
For filling andemptying the pen there is provided an elastic pumping element, preferably in the form of a rubber tube l4, enclosed within the inner wall l5 of the barrel section 2, the upper end It of the tube being held tightly within a circular cavity ll of the turning knob by an internal bushing I8, while the lower end IQ of the tube is held tightly between the nipple 5 and the inner wall portion 23 of the barrel section 2. Rotation of the turning knob ll results in a twisting of the tube id to pump ink into the pen through the channel 21. An air-vent tube 22 mounted in a feed-bar 23 extends along the interior of the pen and has an opening 24 communicating with the channel 2|. The other end of the vent-tube terminates within the hollow turning knob, leaving a slight clearance between the end of the vent-tube and the inner face 25 of the turning knob. Suitable clearance is provided at 26 between the vent-tube and the nipple 5, and also at 2'! between the venttube and the bushing l8. In order to insure proper folding, when twisted, the rubber tube i l may be formed with a series of internal, uniformly spaced, channels 28 extending lengthwise in a helical curve such as indicated at 293 in Figures 2 and 3, wherein the lines of channels curve in one direction at one end, and in the other direction at the opposite end. These channels establish predetermined lines for the wall of the rubber tube to fold along when twisted during the pumping operation set in action by the turning knob. In the example shown in the drawings, it is clear that the tube will form itself into three folds lengthwise of the tube, and that the rubber folds will present a substantially symmetrical contour free of the inner wall I5 of the barrel section 2, (Figs. 8, 9) eliminating any possibility of friction thereagainst. This is to be contrasted with prior constructions in which the folds assumed a flat or irregular cross-section during twisting, resulting in the disadvantages above enumerated.
Another example of construction resulting in controlled folding is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, wherein the elastic tube M has a series (three) internal ribs 30 extending lengthwise of the tube in the same general contour as described in connection with Figure 2. These ribs preferably take the form shown in cross-section in Figure 5,
in which an obtuse angle 3! is formed on one side I of a rib, and an acute angle 32 on the other side of the rib. The rubber wall may be made thinner at the sides of the ribs as indicated at 33.
It will also be noted that the walls of the tubes l4 and I4 are thinner at the lower end l9 than at the other end, being tapered so that when twisted, the tubes will wind upward, forcing the air, or ink and air, toward the top of the pen.
Rubber pump tubes of the improved kind as described herein, may be produced by dipping specially shaped forms in latex, or by pouring latex into suitable molds. There are three possible types of forms. If the form is dipped no more than twice, indentations along the lines of folding will produce a satisfactory tube. If dipped as many as five times, a form for producing the tube illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 may be used. Such a form will have three deep grooves, each having an acute edge and an obtuse edge along the lines of folding. The edges are the same distance apart as the creases to be formed in the finished tube.
In producing this tube by the dipping process, the latex flows when the form has been lifted from the dipping bath, down across the obtuse edge into the groove, then down toward the bottom of the form, and a certain amount out of the groove across the acute edge. The line of thin rubber results as indicated at 33 along the obtuse edge, and the line of thinner rubber 33' along the acute edge. Since the outer crease in a fold tends to turn before the inner crease, the fold can be made to lap in the right direction by having the outer crease made of slightly thinner rubber than the inner crease, and by having the acute edge of the groove on the proper side for the outer crease. This is important for the reason that if the fold lapped over in the wrong direction it would merely become part of the fold next to it, and the tube would wind up with two folds resulting in bulging.
Probably more essential than having one crease thinner than the other in making the folds lap over in the right direction, is having the folds follow the right line of curve. Ordinarily a fold laps over in the direction the tube is twisted, at the end it is twisted, and in the other direction at the other end. If it is twisted counter-clockwise, for example, it will lap over counter-clockwise at the end it is twisted and clockwise at the other end. This results in the fold standing up and bulging at the middle where it changes the direction of its lapping. But if the fold follows the correct line of curve it will lap over in the same direction all the way and lie flat. To make the fold lap over in the direction it is twisted, the helical curve 29 is followed as explained in connection with Figures 2 and 4 above. To make the fold lap over in the opposite direction, an arc of a circle is followed as indicated in Figure '7. The first curve is preferred because it conforms with the natural inclination of the rubber tube to fold over the way it is twisted.
If the tube is dipped more than five times, a third type of form is more suitable. Instead of a grOOVe for making the creases, this form has a pair of ridges. The rubber is thinner over the top of the ridges, and the creases fold along the thin rubber.
In assembling the pen parts, the lower end of the tube I 4 or M is cemented on to the nipple 5 forming the upper end of section 3 which has the shoulder 6. Section 2 is then pressed on to section 3 tightly about the lower end I9 of the tube. The bushing I8 is then inserted some distance into the upper end [6 of the tube. A small amount of cement is brushed over the surface of the cavity I! of the turning knob, and the latter is then screwed on to section 2, with the upper end l6 of the tube entering it. A special tool is then used to force the bushing l8 into place.
If the pen barrel is made of sheet material wound around a cylinder, rather than bored out of a solid rod, the nipple will comprise a separate part held between the sections of the pen barrel, as will be readily understood.
In the Figure 10 pen, the barrel 40 has internal threads 4| into which the threaded end 42 of the stock 43 is screwed. A feed-bar 44 holding a nib .5 is located within a bore 46 of the stock 43.
The opposite end of the pen carries a turning knob il loosely threaded at 48 into the upper end of the barrel 4!] so as to be freely rotatable therein. A tube support 49 at this end of the barrel is threaded into a cavity 5!! of the turning knob 41, and is slightly reduced at 5| to receive the upper end 52 of an elastic filling pump in the form of a rubber tube 53. The lower end 54 of the rubber tube 53 is received on a reduced portion 55 of an intermediate support 55 threaded at 51 into the slightly thicker portion 58 of the pen barrel. Both ends of the pump tube 53 may be cemented on to their respective supports and further reinforced by winding a few turns of silk or cotton over the ends.
The pump tube 53 preferably is tapered in crosssection, being thinner and more pliant at its lower end M than at its upper end 52 which is thicker and less pliant, so that when the tube is twisted about its longitudinal axis it twists from its lower end first, forcing the air or ink to the upper part of the pen.
The pen barrel encloses a vent-tube 59 seated at one end within a cavity 60 deep enough to insure that the tube at this end will not become disengaged when the knob 41 is turned to twist the rubber pump tube 53. The lower or other end 6| of the vent-tube 59 is held in a bore 62 in the feedbar 44 and has a small opening 63 communicating with the ink channel 64. A similar small opening 65 is located in the vent-tube at the other end of the pen.
In order to insure proper folding of the rubber body of the filling tube 53, the wall of the tube is shaped to provide indentations 66 or thinned areas which predetermined the lines of folding to be developed in the tube when twisted about its axis. These indentations may be nine or any other suitable number, there being three in a slanting row in the present example, so that the Y wall of the tube will fold along the three lines defined by the slanting rows of indentations, which are the lines of least resistance, and will consequently fold in three definite folds free from chafing against the pen barrel.
In all of the above noted pen constructions the pens are filled by turning the knobs back and forth in the well known manner, and the filling operation is substantially as follows. During the first turn the pump tube Winds up on itself along the definite creases or fold lines as described, causing the rubber wall to move inward toward the vent-tube, expelling the air within it through the upper part of the pen and through the opening 65, down through the vent-tube, into the opening 63 and out of the pen through the ink channel 64.
In the first reverse turn, suction is created by the pump tube unwinding and returning to its original condition, and ink is drawn in through the ink channel 64 and into the lower part of the barrel or reservoir.
During the second turn, air is similarly expelled, but at the same time a. certain amount of ink is forced out. Since the friction of air against the wall of a tube is less than the friction of a liquid, more air may be forced through the ink channel 64 than ink. If the turning movement is quick enough, not more than or drops of ink will be expelled.
In the second reverse turn, as much ink will be drawn into the pen as during the first turn, and, upon completion of the third pumping cycle the pen will be full.
It is to be understood that the invention as set forth above is not confined to the exact details of construction described, but may be otherwise embodied, or variously altered within the scope of the appended claims, and without departing from the fundamental principles set forth in this specification. It is further to be understood that the expression tubular cross-section as used in the claims is intended to mean all possible forms of rubber or elastic pump section in which an elastic wall creates a pumping effect when twisted, and whether such section is in an open tube, sac, or otherwise. Furthermore, the materials of the pen may be varied as desired, and the lower end of the pen barrel, and the turning knob, or the entire pen body, may be made transparent to allow view of the ink.
In conclusion it will be noted from a consideration of Figures 8 and 9 that the pump walls collapse immediately along the predetermined fold lines on being twisted, thereby obviating the friction of prior constructions, and facilitating the pumping action.
Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent:
1. A pump element for a fountain pen, comprising an elastic body of tubular cross-section provided with ribs arranged to cause the Wall of said body to collapse with three or more lengthwise folds when twisted axially, said wall being thinned along both sides of the ribs.
2. A pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross section having a wall formed with equidistant pairs of lengthwise channels, one channel in each pair being deeper than the other.
3. A pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross section having a wall formed with generally slanting lines of lengthwise indented areas, the wall being of the same thickness throughout.
4. A pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross section, with a wall tapering in thickness from end to end, provided with equidistant pairs of lengthwise channels.
5. A pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross-section capable of twisting, having a wall formed with pairs of internal, helical channels, each pair be-v ing an equal distance from adjoining pairs, running lengthwise in the elastic body and having its middle section more on the line of the longitudinal plane of the body than its ends.
6. A pump element for a fountain pen comprising an elastic body of tubular cross-section capable of twisting, having a wall formed with pairs of internal channels, each pair being at an equal distance from adjoining pairs, and with one end curving in the same direction as the other end.
KENNETH DOLE.
US262163A 1939-03-16 1939-03-16 Fountain pen Expired - Lifetime US2238214A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4332497A (en) * 1980-02-22 1982-06-01 Rodriguez Gonzalo C Combination toothbrush and toothpaste dispenser

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4332497A (en) * 1980-02-22 1982-06-01 Rodriguez Gonzalo C Combination toothbrush and toothpaste dispenser

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