US3140713A - Intradermal nozzle for jet injection devices - Google Patents
Intradermal nozzle for jet injection devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3140713A US3140713A US267869A US26786963A US3140713A US 3140713 A US3140713 A US 3140713A US 267869 A US267869 A US 267869A US 26786963 A US26786963 A US 26786963A US 3140713 A US3140713 A US 3140713A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- intradermal
- jet injection
- skin
- orifice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/30—Syringes for injection by jet action, without needle, e.g. for use with replaceable ampoules or carpules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/31—Details
- A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
- A61M5/34—Constructions for connecting the needle, e.g. to syringe nozzle or needle hub
- A61M2005/341—Constructions for connecting the needle, e.g. to syringe nozzle or needle hub angularly adjustable or angled away from the axis of the injector
Definitions
- injections are intended to be intramuscular; some are intended to be subcutaneous with a minimum of muscular penetration; and others, such as the smallpox vaccine, are frequently intended to be administered intradermally.
- Another object of this invention is to provide, in an intradermal nozzle for a conventional jet injection device, a means of determining the maximum force that the nozzle orifice can exert against the injection site without regard to the force exerted by the operator of the jet injection device.
- Variables which determine the characteristics of a given injection are: the angle of mounting of the orifice in the nozzle, the contour of the cap, and the force of the injection. If the angle between the surface of the skin and the orifice in the nozzle is too large, depth of penetration is diificult to control. If this angle is too small, on the other hand, slicing of the skin occurs. It has been found through experimentation that an orifice angle of approximately 45 degrees produces the most successful results.
- the contour of the nozzle shapes the skin to receive the stream from the orifice of the nozzle. I have found that optimum conditions exist when the outgoing surface of the nozzle (the outer forward surface) runs parallel to the exist stream and at a distance of approximately of an inch.
- the initial injection force should be sufficient to insure penetration for all individuals regardless of the type of skin, with care being taken to insure that excessive force, leading to excessive tearing of the skin, is not used.
- a force of from fifty to sixty percent of that required for subcutaneous or intramuscular injections is suitable for intradermal type injections according to the instant invention.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a nozzle of a conventional hypodermic jet injection apparatus which has been modified in accordance with the instant invention for intradermal injection.
- this invention comprises a nozzle with an orifice set at an angle of 45 degrees from a longitudinal axis of the hypodermic jet injection apparatus. Surrounding the orifice is a concentric forwardly protruding shoulder.
- sapphire orifice insert 1 is so disposed as to control a stream at an angle of approximately 45 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the gun and parallel to inner surface 2 of shoulder 3.
- the most effective distance between injection stream 4 and surface 2 is inch for intradermal injections.
- Shoulders 3 may be an integral part of the nozzle or, where conversion of standard caps is desired, may be in the form of a cap to be placed over the standard nozzle.
- the shoulders of the nozzle shape or form the skin to receive the stream from the injection device. It can also be seen that with the stream running parallel to the inner face of the nozzle, the criticality of the depth of penetration along the axis of penetration is reduced substantially.
- the angle type nozzle described thereby overcomes the basic difficulty usually encountered in giving intradermal injections by jet.
- the normal variations in the toughness of the skin of different individuals, under the same injection force setting can result in a range varying from no penetration where the skin is tough to subcutaneous injection where the skin is tender (as in the case of women and children).
- the angle type nozzle is designed to have a vaccine enter the skin tangentially to the surface so that once there is sufiicient initial force to enter the skin, the intradermal target area is very large and penetration in depth, normal to the surface, cannot occur.
- an intradermal nozzle comprising an orifice with a longitudinal axis angularly offset with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device, said offset being at an angle of approximately 45 degrees, and a shoulder encircling and extending distally of said orifice with the inner surface of said shoulder at one point substantially parallel to the axis of said orifice and at a distance of approximately of an inch from said orifice.
Description
y 14,1964 A. ISMACH 3,140,713-
INTRADERIAL uozzu: FOR JET nuscnou osvxcss Filed March 25, 1963 INVENTOR. A rzou \5MACH WQM United States Patent "ice 3,140,713 INTRADERMAL NOZZLE FOR JET INJECTION DEVICES Aaron lsmach, Brooklyn, N.Y., assignor to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army Filed Mar. 25, 1963, Ser. No. 267,869 1 Claim. (Cl. 128173) (Granted under Title 35, U.S. Code (1952), sec. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
With the development of the jet injection apparatus, and its adoption for mass inoculations and injections, it soon became apparent that extreme care had to be exercised in the control of the depth of an injection. Needless to say, some injections are intended to be intramuscular; some are intended to be subcutaneous with a minimum of muscular penetration; and others, such as the smallpox vaccine, are frequently intended to be administered intradermally.
It is an object of this invention to provide, in a conventional jet injection apparatus such as, but not limited to, that described in Patent No. 3,057,349, an intradermal nozzle which would permit control of the depth of the vaccine penetration in the dermis.
Another object of this invention is to provide, in an intradermal nozzle for a conventional jet injection device, a means of determining the maximum force that the nozzle orifice can exert against the injection site without regard to the force exerted by the operator of the jet injection device.
Variables which determine the characteristics of a given injection are: the angle of mounting of the orifice in the nozzle, the contour of the cap, and the force of the injection. If the angle between the surface of the skin and the orifice in the nozzle is too large, depth of penetration is diificult to control. If this angle is too small, on the other hand, slicing of the skin occurs. It has been found through experimentation that an orifice angle of approximately 45 degrees produces the most successful results. The contour of the nozzle shapes the skin to receive the stream from the orifice of the nozzle. I have found that optimum conditions exist when the outgoing surface of the nozzle (the outer forward surface) runs parallel to the exist stream and at a distance of approximately of an inch.
Though not directly concerned with in this invention, the initial injection force, the third critical element, should be sufficient to insure penetration for all individuals regardless of the type of skin, with care being taken to insure that excessive force, leading to excessive tearing of the skin, is not used. Generally speaking, a force of from fifty to sixty percent of that required for subcutaneous or intramuscular injections is suitable for intradermal type injections according to the instant invention.
Other objects of my invention will become apparent to 3,140,713 Patented July 14, 1964 those skilled in the art upon reference to the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a nozzle of a conventional hypodermic jet injection apparatus which has been modified in accordance with the instant invention for intradermal injection.
In brief, this invention comprises a nozzle with an orifice set at an angle of 45 degrees from a longitudinal axis of the hypodermic jet injection apparatus. Surrounding the orifice is a concentric forwardly protruding shoulder.
Referring in more detail to the drawing, sapphire orifice insert 1 is so disposed as to control a stream at an angle of approximately 45 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the gun and parallel to inner surface 2 of shoulder 3. As stated above, the most effective distance between injection stream 4 and surface 2 is inch for intradermal injections. Shoulders 3 may be an integral part of the nozzle or, where conversion of standard caps is desired, may be in the form of a cap to be placed over the standard nozzle. As can easily be seen, when thefront of this nozzle is placed against the skin, the shoulders of the nozzle shape or form the skin to receive the stream from the injection device. It can also be seen that with the stream running parallel to the inner face of the nozzle, the criticality of the depth of penetration along the axis of penetration is reduced substantially.
The angle type nozzle described thereby overcomes the basic difficulty usually encountered in giving intradermal injections by jet. Where the vaccine enters normal to the skin, the normal variations in the toughness of the skin of different individuals, under the same injection force setting, can result in a range varying from no penetration where the skin is tough to subcutaneous injection where the skin is tender (as in the case of women and children). The angle type nozzle is designed to have a vaccine enter the skin tangentially to the surface so that once there is sufiicient initial force to enter the skin, the intradermal target area is very large and penetration in depth, normal to the surface, cannot occur.
I claim:
In a hypodermic jet injection device an intradermal nozzle comprising an orifice with a longitudinal axis angularly offset with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device, said offset being at an angle of approximately 45 degrees, and a shoulder encircling and extending distally of said orifice with the inner surface of said shoulder at one point substantially parallel to the axis of said orifice and at a distance of approximately of an inch from said orifice.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,322,244 Lockhart June 22, 1943 2,704,542 Scherer Mar. 22, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS 677,523 Great Britain Aug. 20, 1952
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US267869A US3140713A (en) | 1963-03-25 | 1963-03-25 | Intradermal nozzle for jet injection devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US267869A US3140713A (en) | 1963-03-25 | 1963-03-25 | Intradermal nozzle for jet injection devices |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3140713A true US3140713A (en) | 1964-07-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US267869A Expired - Lifetime US3140713A (en) | 1963-03-25 | 1963-03-25 | Intradermal nozzle for jet injection devices |
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Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3461867A (en) * | 1966-03-14 | 1969-08-19 | Mizzy Inc | Needleless injector |
US3952955A (en) * | 1974-12-12 | 1976-04-27 | Graco Inc. | Safety tip guard |
USD248568S (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-07-18 | Aaron Ismach | Animal intradermal nozzle for jet injection device |
US4124162A (en) * | 1976-12-15 | 1978-11-07 | Schwab Thomas L | Shroud for a submerged jet cutting nozzle |
US4272017A (en) * | 1976-03-22 | 1981-06-09 | Franz Norman C | Method and nozzle assembly for fluid jet penetration of a work material |
WO1982002835A1 (en) * | 1981-02-24 | 1982-09-02 | Edgar C Cohen | Vacuum-compression injector |
US4403609A (en) * | 1981-02-24 | 1983-09-13 | Cohen Edgar C | Vacuum-compression injector |
FR2620338A1 (en) * | 1987-09-15 | 1989-03-17 | Bearn Mecanique Aviat | Injection head, in particular for mesotherapy apparatus |
FR2638360A1 (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-04 | Tino Dalto | AUTOMATIC INSULIN INJECTOR WITHOUT NEEDLE, PORTABLE WITH MULTIPLE INJECTION HEADS INTERCHANGEABLE TO MULTITROUS |
US5599302A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1997-02-04 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Medical injection system and method, gas spring thereof and launching device using gas spring |
US5643211A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-07-01 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Nozzle assembly having a frangible plunger |
US5697917A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-12-16 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Nozzle assembly with adjustable plunger travel gap |
US5722953A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1998-03-03 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Nozzle assembly for injection device |
US5800388A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1998-09-01 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Plunger/ram assembly adapted for a fluid injector |
US5865795A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-02-02 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Safety mechanism for injection devices |
US5875976A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1999-03-02 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Locking mechanism for nozzle assembly |
US5921967A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-07-13 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Plunger for nozzle assembly |
US5938637A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1999-08-17 | Path | Single-use medicine delivery unit for needleless hypodermic injector |
US20110009815A1 (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2011-01-13 | Painless Tech Gmbh | Injection device for the needle-free injection of a medium |
US10918808B2 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2021-02-16 | Portal Instruments, Inc. | Angled injection nozzle |
US11344677B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2022-05-31 | Portal Instruments Inc. | Needle-free injection guide |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2322244A (en) * | 1940-03-18 | 1943-06-22 | Marshall L Lockhart | Hypodermic injector |
GB677523A (en) * | 1948-04-13 | 1952-08-20 | Becton Dickinson Co | Discharge structure for hypodermic injection device |
US2704542A (en) * | 1949-02-21 | 1955-03-22 | Scherer Corp R P | Jet therapy method |
-
1963
- 1963-03-25 US US267869A patent/US3140713A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2322244A (en) * | 1940-03-18 | 1943-06-22 | Marshall L Lockhart | Hypodermic injector |
GB677523A (en) * | 1948-04-13 | 1952-08-20 | Becton Dickinson Co | Discharge structure for hypodermic injection device |
US2704542A (en) * | 1949-02-21 | 1955-03-22 | Scherer Corp R P | Jet therapy method |
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3461867A (en) * | 1966-03-14 | 1969-08-19 | Mizzy Inc | Needleless injector |
US3952955A (en) * | 1974-12-12 | 1976-04-27 | Graco Inc. | Safety tip guard |
US4272017A (en) * | 1976-03-22 | 1981-06-09 | Franz Norman C | Method and nozzle assembly for fluid jet penetration of a work material |
USD248568S (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-07-18 | Aaron Ismach | Animal intradermal nozzle for jet injection device |
US4124162A (en) * | 1976-12-15 | 1978-11-07 | Schwab Thomas L | Shroud for a submerged jet cutting nozzle |
US4403609A (en) * | 1981-02-24 | 1983-09-13 | Cohen Edgar C | Vacuum-compression injector |
WO1982002835A1 (en) * | 1981-02-24 | 1982-09-02 | Edgar C Cohen | Vacuum-compression injector |
US4421508A (en) * | 1981-02-24 | 1983-12-20 | Cohen Edgar C | Vacuum-compression injector |
FR2620338A1 (en) * | 1987-09-15 | 1989-03-17 | Bearn Mecanique Aviat | Injection head, in particular for mesotherapy apparatus |
FR2638360A1 (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-04 | Tino Dalto | AUTOMATIC INSULIN INJECTOR WITHOUT NEEDLE, PORTABLE WITH MULTIPLE INJECTION HEADS INTERCHANGEABLE TO MULTITROUS |
EP0367677A1 (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-09 | Tino Dalto | Device for subcutaneous needle-less injection |
WO1990004989A1 (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-17 | Tino Dalto | Sub-cutaneous injection device without a needle |
US5074843A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1991-12-24 | Tino Dalto | Device for subcutaneous injection without a needle |
US5891085A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1999-04-06 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Nozzle assembly with lost motion connection for medical injector assembly |
US5846233A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1998-12-08 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Coupling device for medical injection system |
US5919159A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1999-07-06 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Medical injection system and method, gas spring thereof and launching device using gas spring |
US5599302A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1997-02-04 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Medical injection system and method, gas spring thereof and launching device using gas spring |
US5921967A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-07-13 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Plunger for nozzle assembly |
US5800388A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1998-09-01 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Plunger/ram assembly adapted for a fluid injector |
US5865795A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-02-02 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Safety mechanism for injection devices |
US5722953A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1998-03-03 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Nozzle assembly for injection device |
US5697917A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-12-16 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Nozzle assembly with adjustable plunger travel gap |
US5643211A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-07-01 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Nozzle assembly having a frangible plunger |
US5875976A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1999-03-02 | Medi-Ject Corporation | Locking mechanism for nozzle assembly |
US5938637A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1999-08-17 | Path | Single-use medicine delivery unit for needleless hypodermic injector |
US20110009815A1 (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2011-01-13 | Painless Tech Gmbh | Injection device for the needle-free injection of a medium |
US9533098B2 (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2017-01-03 | Painless Tech Gmbh | Injection device for the needle-free injection of a medium |
US11344677B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2022-05-31 | Portal Instruments Inc. | Needle-free injection guide |
US10918808B2 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2021-02-16 | Portal Instruments, Inc. | Angled injection nozzle |
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