US3651352A - Oscillatory circuit for ultrasonic cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Oscillatory circuit for ultrasonic cleaning apparatus Download PDF

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US3651352A
US3651352A US96771A US3651352DA US3651352A US 3651352 A US3651352 A US 3651352A US 96771 A US96771 A US 96771A US 3651352D A US3651352D A US 3651352DA US 3651352 A US3651352 A US 3651352A
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winding
circuit
oscillatory circuit
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William L Puskas
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Branson Ultrasonics Corp
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Branson Ultrasonics Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0223—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time
    • B06B1/0238—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave
    • B06B1/0246—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave with a feedback signal
    • B06B1/0253—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave with a feedback signal taken directly from the generator circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
    • B06B2201/55—Piezoelectric transducer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/70—Specific application
    • B06B2201/71—Cleaning in a tank

Definitions

  • a high-efficient oscillatory circuit drives a piezoelectric 58 Fieid 259 7 crystal (transducer) which is coupled to an ultrasonic cleaning 259/72 33 l 16 158 5 1 tank.
  • the circuit includes a transistor switching means in the 130 driver side of the oscillator.
  • References Cited cuit having a resonant frequency which is a multiple even integer of the resonant frequency of the crystal which is coupled to the transformer secondary winding.
  • the present invention refers to an oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus and, more specifically, has reference to a simplified electronic circuit for driving an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, particularly, an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus of the smaller type as used, for instance, in the laboratory, jewelry repair shops, home workshop, and the like.
  • the electrical circuit disclosed hereafter is characterized, quite specifically, by a high degree of efficiency, high reliability, by relatively few components and is, therefore, relatively simple and inexpensive as is a necessity when providing ultrasonic cleaning apparatus of the type indicated heretofore. Moreover, the high efficiency obtained is the result of a unique and novel circuit arrangement which provides for the conservation of stored energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit employed embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wave shapes at certain points in FIG. 2, and
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a skirt or enclosure 12 which supports therein a metal tank 14 which is filled with a cleaning liquid 16.
  • the skirt l2 rests on a base 18 which is provided with a set of rubber feet 20.
  • the crystal 22 is connected by conductors 26 to an electronic circuit 28 which, in turn, by a power cord 30 can be connected to a standard 1 volts AC, 60-cycle, power line.
  • the cleaning tank and the piezoelectric crystal attached thereto may take the form as shown for instance in U.S. Pat. No. 3,516,645 dated June 23, 1970 issued to J. P. Arndt et al., entitled Ultrasonic Cleaner.
  • the novel, high-efficient and simple electronic circuit for setting the crystal 22 into resonance is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the AC terminals 32 and 34 apply electrical power to a bridgetype rectifier 36 which is connected to a filter capacitor 38 in order to provide direct current energy.
  • a transformer 40 preferably having a toroidal core, has a primary winding 42, a secondary winding 44, and a feedback winding 46.
  • the primary winding 42 is coupled in parallel with a capacitor 43 and this parallel combination, forming an oscillatory circuit, is connected to a switching transistor 50 which is cyclically rendered conductive by the signal provided by the feedback winding 46.
  • the capacitor 48 provides phase shift correction and the resistor 49, rectifier 52 and resistor 66 provide the normal biasing potential.
  • the piezoelectric crystal 22 is connected in parallel with an inductance 54 to the secondary transformer winding 44 and, thus, the crystal 22, inductance 54 and winding 44 form a parallel resonant circuit, causing the crystal to oscillate and impart the ultrasonic energy to the cleaning liquid.
  • the crystal is selected to have a natural resonant frequency in the range from 40 to 60 kHz. It should be understood, however, that this frequency range is merely illustrative of a typical operating condition and that other frequencies may be used as well.
  • the driving portion of the circuit that is the primary winding 42, the capacitor 43 and the reflected reactance, form an oscillatory circuit and the capacitor 43 is selected to cause the resonant frequency of this combination to be an even integer multiple of the resonant frequency of the transducer or crystal 22.
  • the resonant frequency of the driving portion is four times that of the parallel resonant circuit which includes the piezoelectric crystal 22. Therefore, if the crystal is driven at its resonant frequency of, let us say 45 kHz., the primary side is tuned to exhibit a frequency of kHz.
  • FIG. 3 shows the typical wave shapes which occur in the circuit per FIG. 2.
  • the line 60 shows the transistor 50 being cyclically switched and whenrendered conductive at time I, providing current flow from the DC power supply through the primary winding 42 and transistor 50 to ground.
  • time I the voltage across the capacitor 43 rises
  • voltage B-A, and the winding 42 together with the capacitor 43 and the reflected reactance of the other circuit components form an oscillatory circuit which has a fundamental frequency of four times the frequency of the oscillatory load circuit portion which includesthe transducer 22.
  • the salient advantage of the present arrangement is seen at the time t, when the transistor is rendered conductive.
  • the voltage across the primary transformer winding points B-A has reached a low state in its oscillation.
  • this minimum amount of energy is conducted to ground by the transistor 50.
  • the high-frequency oscillation across the primary winding of the transformer is transferred to the load.
  • transformer 40 on account of the frequency on the primary side of the circuit being higher than the frequency determined by the resonance of the crystal 22, can be made smaller and, therefore, is lighter and less expensive. Last but not least, since the electric energy stored is a minimum at the time the transistor is rendered conductive, current peaks during transistor switching are avoided and the transistor reliability is greatly improved.
  • FIG. 4 A further improvement is incorporated in the circuit shown in FIG. 4.
  • the circuit shown is identical with that in FIG. 2 except for the addition of inductance 62 and capacitor 64.
  • the inductance 62 connected in series with the capacitor 43 delays momentarily the onset of heavy current flow through the transistor, permitting the transistor to attain its saturation level before heavy current is conducted therethrough. This arrangement prevents undue power dissipation by the transistor. Energy not dissipated in the transistor remains stored in the capacitor 38, thus contributing to greater efficiency. Because of the reduced stress on the transistor, the above circuit has been used successfully, for instance, to drive two transducers 22 with a single transistor 50.
  • the circuit per FIG. 4 shows a further improvement.
  • a common cause of circuit defect is attributable to a failure of the transducer 22 caused, for instance, by cracking of the ceramic disk, conductor lead breakage, etc.
  • Resistor 66 biases the transistor in the conductive condition and the collector current 1 increases until the transistor 50 is destroyed.
  • the parallel capacitor 64 added in FIG. 4 sustains the circuit in a higher frequency oscillatory mode when the transducer 22 fails. Hence, a transducer failure will no longer result in an electrical circuit failure.
  • An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
  • a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding
  • a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially in circuit with said primary winding and parallelcoupled capacitance for cyclically providing current flow from said source through said winding;
  • said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning apparatus;
  • a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic current flow
  • An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
  • a driving portion which includes a source of direct current
  • a switching means a first transformer winding, and a capacitance connected in parallel with said first winding so arranged that said switching means is adapted to cyclically provide current flow from said source through said winding;
  • a load portion which includes a second transformer winding inductively coupled to said first winding, a piezoelectric transducer, and an inductance coupled to said second winding and to said transducer;
  • said driving portion being dimensioned to exhibit when said switching means inhibits current flow from said source to said first winding a fundamental resonant frequency which is an even integer multiple of the fundamental frequency ofsaid transducer.
  • An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
  • a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding
  • a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially in circuit with said primary winding and said parallel coupled series combination for cyclically providing current flow from said source through said winding;
  • said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning apparatus;
  • a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic current flow
  • said piezoelectric element being a disk-type element coupled to an exterior surface of an ultrasonic cleaning tank.
  • An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
  • an output circuit portion which includes a transducer having a predetermined resonant frequency
  • said driving circuit portion having a combination of circuit elements adapted to be resonant at a frequency which is an even integer multiple of said predetermined resonant frequency.

Abstract

A high-efficient oscillatory circuit drives a piezoelectric crystal (transducer) which is coupled to an ultrasonic cleaning tank. The circuit includes a transistor switching means in the driver side of the oscillator. The primary winding of the transformer is coupled in parallel with a capacitor and forms a circuit having a resonant frequency which is a multiple even integer of the resonant frequency of the crystal which is coupled to the transformer secondary winding.

Description

United States Patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1967 Branson ..259/l X Puskas Mar. 21, 1972 [54] OSCILLATORY CIRCUIT FOR 3,152,295 10 1964 Schebler ..310/s.1 x ULTRASONIC CLEANING APPARATUS 3,575,383 4/1971 0616mm... ..259 72 2,967,957 l/l961 Massa.... BIO/8.5 X [72] Inventor: Wllllam L. Puskas, Trumbull, Conn. 2 271 200 1 1942 Mason 3 0 2 x 73 As ne B mo Inst 8 ts 1 co r M St 3,256,498 6/1966 Hurtig.... 331/155 x 1 e form, Com, rum n a am 3,432,691 3/1969 ShOll ..310/s 1 [22] Filed: Dec. 10, 1970 Primary Examiner-J. D. Miller Assistant ExaminerB. A. Reynolds [2]] Appl' Attorney-Ervin B.Steinberg [52] US. Cl. ..310/8.l, 259/1 R, 3l0/8.7, [57] ABSTRACT [51] lm Cl A high-efficient oscillatory circuit drives a piezoelectric 58 Fieid 259 7 crystal (transducer) which is coupled to an ultrasonic cleaning 259/72 33 l 16 158 5 1 tank. The circuit includes a transistor switching means in the 130 driver side of the oscillator. The primary winding of the transformer is coupled in parallel with a capacitor and forms a cir- 56] References Cited cuit having a resonant frequency which is a multiple even integer of the resonant frequency of the crystal which is coupled to the transformer secondary winding.
15 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PAIENTEUMARZI 1912 v 3mm 1 BF 2 III WILLIAM L. PUSKAS INVENTOR.
PATENTEU ARZI I9 2 3,651,352
SHEET 2 [1F 2 F G. 3 TRANSISTOR SWITCHING STATE ON OFF .i
VOLTAGE I I B-A VOLTAGE ACROSS TRANSFORMER 0 SECONDARY- TIM E WILLIAM L. PUSKAS INVENTOR.
OSCILLATORY CIRCUIT FOR ULTRASONIC CLEANING APPARATUS The present invention refers to an oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus and, more specifically, has reference to a simplified electronic circuit for driving an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, particularly, an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus of the smaller type as used, for instance, in the laboratory, jewelry repair shops, home workshop, and the like.
The electrical circuit disclosed hereafter is characterized, quite specifically, by a high degree of efficiency, high reliability, by relatively few components and is, therefore, relatively simple and inexpensive as is a necessity when providing ultrasonic cleaning apparatus of the type indicated heretofore. Moreover, the high efficiency obtained is the result of a unique and novel circuit arrangement which provides for the conservation of stored energy.
The above indicated characteristics and advantages will be more clearly apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the ultrasonic cleaning apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit employed embodying the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wave shapes at certain points in FIG. 2, and
FIG. 4 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of a further embodiment of the present invention.
Referring now to the figures, and FIG. 1 in particular, there is shown a skirt or enclosure 12 which supports therein a metal tank 14 which is filled with a cleaning liquid 16. The skirt l2 rests on a base 18 which is provided with a set of rubber feet 20.
A piezoelectric crystal 22, also called transducer, preferably of disk-shape, is bonded by means of a layer of epoxy resin material 24 to the underside of the tank 14 for imparting ultrasonic energy to the tank and to the cleaning liquid 16 in a manner that is well understood by those skilled in the art. The crystal 22 is connected by conductors 26 to an electronic circuit 28 which, in turn, by a power cord 30 can be connected to a standard 1 volts AC, 60-cycle, power line.
The cleaning tank and the piezoelectric crystal attached thereto may take the form as shown for instance in U.S. Pat. No. 3,516,645 dated June 23, 1970 issued to J. P. Arndt et al., entitled Ultrasonic Cleaner.
The novel, high-efficient and simple electronic circuit for setting the crystal 22 into resonance is shown in FIG. 2. The AC terminals 32 and 34 apply electrical power to a bridgetype rectifier 36 which is connected to a filter capacitor 38 in order to provide direct current energy. A transformer 40, preferably having a toroidal core, has a primary winding 42, a secondary winding 44, and a feedback winding 46. The primary winding 42 is coupled in parallel with a capacitor 43 and this parallel combination, forming an oscillatory circuit, is connected to a switching transistor 50 which is cyclically rendered conductive by the signal provided by the feedback winding 46. The capacitor 48 provides phase shift correction and the resistor 49, rectifier 52 and resistor 66 provide the normal biasing potential.
The piezoelectric crystal 22 is connected in parallel with an inductance 54 to the secondary transformer winding 44 and, thus, the crystal 22, inductance 54 and winding 44 form a parallel resonant circuit, causing the crystal to oscillate and impart the ultrasonic energy to the cleaning liquid. In a typical example, the crystal is selected to have a natural resonant frequency in the range from 40 to 60 kHz. It should be understood, however, that this frequency range is merely illustrative of a typical operating condition and that other frequencies may be used as well.
The driving portion of the circuit, that is the primary winding 42, the capacitor 43 and the reflected reactance, form an oscillatory circuit and the capacitor 43 is selected to cause the resonant frequency of this combination to be an even integer multiple of the resonant frequency of the transducer or crystal 22. In a typical example, the resonant frequency of the driving portion is four times that of the parallel resonant circuit which includes the piezoelectric crystal 22. Therefore, if the crystal is driven at its resonant frequency of, let us say 45 kHz., the primary side is tuned to exhibit a frequency of kHz.
FIG. 3 shows the typical wave shapes which occur in the circuit per FIG. 2. The line 60 shows the transistor 50 being cyclically switched and whenrendered conductive at time I, providing current flow from the DC power supply through the primary winding 42 and transistor 50 to ground. As the current conduction through the transistor ceases, time t the voltage across the capacitor 43 rises, voltage B-A, and the winding 42 together with the capacitor 43 and the reflected reactance of the other circuit components form an oscillatory circuit which has a fundamental frequency of four times the frequency of the oscillatory load circuit portion which includesthe transducer 22.
The salient advantage of the present arrangement is seen at the time t, when the transistor is rendered conductive. The voltage across the primary transformer winding points B-A has reached a low state in its oscillation. As a result thereof, there is a minimum amount of energy stored in the resonant circuit. At this particular moment only this minimum amount of energy is conducted to ground by the transistor 50. Further, during the time interval in which the transistor is nonconductive, the high-frequency oscillation across the primary winding of the transformer is transferred to the load. These phenomena result, of course, in a higher degree of efficiency than the heretofore used circuits.
One further advantage of the present invention resides in the fact the transformer 40, on account of the frequency on the primary side of the circuit being higher than the frequency determined by the resonance of the crystal 22, can be made smaller and, therefore, is lighter and less expensive. Last but not least, since the electric energy stored is a minimum at the time the transistor is rendered conductive, current peaks during transistor switching are avoided and the transistor reliability is greatly improved.
A further improvement is incorporated in the circuit shown in FIG. 4. The circuit shown is identical with that in FIG. 2 except for the addition of inductance 62 and capacitor 64. The inductance 62 connected in series with the capacitor 43 delays momentarily the onset of heavy current flow through the transistor, permitting the transistor to attain its saturation level before heavy current is conducted therethrough. This arrangement prevents undue power dissipation by the transistor. Energy not dissipated in the transistor remains stored in the capacitor 38, thus contributing to greater efficiency. Because of the reduced stress on the transistor, the above circuit has been used successfully, for instance, to drive two transducers 22 with a single transistor 50.
The circuit per FIG. 4 shows a further improvement. A common cause of circuit defect is attributable to a failure of the transducer 22 caused, for instance, by cracking of the ceramic disk, conductor lead breakage, etc. When the transducer 22 fails in the circuit per FIG. 2, there no longer exists a parallel resonant circuit at the output side and, hence, the oscillations cease. Resistor 66 biases the transistor in the conductive condition and the collector current 1 increases until the transistor 50 is destroyed. The parallel capacitor 64 added in FIG. 4 sustains the circuit in a higher frequency oscillatory mode when the transducer 22 fails. Hence, a transducer failure will no longer result in an electrical circuit failure.
What is claimed is:
1. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
a capacitance coupled in parallel with said primary winding;
a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially in circuit with said primary winding and parallelcoupled capacitance for cyclically providing current flow from said source through said winding;
said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning apparatus;
a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic current flow, and
the combination of said primary winding and capacitance forming a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency which is an even integer multiple of the frequency of the oscillatory circuit comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element,
2. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said primary winding and capacitance in combination having a resonant frequency which is four times higher than the resonant frequency determined by the oscillatory circuit comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element.
3. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, the combination of said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element being resonant at a frequency of at least 20 kHz.
4. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said switching means being a transistor.
5. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said piezoelectric element being a disk-type element coupled to an exterior surface of an ultrasonic cleaning tank.
6. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said primary, secondary and further windings being disposed on a toroidal transformer core.
7. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, said circuit comprising:
a driving portion which includes a source of direct current,
a switching means, a first transformer winding, and a capacitance connected in parallel with said first winding so arranged that said switching means is adapted to cyclically provide current flow from said source through said winding;
a load portion which includes a second transformer winding inductively coupled to said first winding, a piezoelectric transducer, and an inductance coupled to said second winding and to said transducer; and
said driving portion being dimensioned to exhibit when said switching means inhibits current flow from said source to said first winding a fundamental resonant frequency which is an even integer multiple of the fundamental frequency ofsaid transducer.
8. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
the series combination of a capacitance and an inductance coupled in parallel with said primary winding;
a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially in circuit with said primary winding and said parallel coupled series combination for cyclically providing current flow from said source through said winding;
said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning apparatus;
a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic current flow, and
the combination of said primary winding and series combination forming a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency which is an even integer multiple of the frequency of the oscillatory circuit comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element.
9. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said primary winding and series combination coupled in parallel in combination having a resonant frequency which is four times higher than the resonant frequency determined by the oscillatory circuit comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element.
10. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, the combination of said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element being resonant at a frequency of at least 20 kHz.
11. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said switching means being a transistor.
12. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said piezoelectric element being a disk-type element coupled to an exterior surface of an ultrasonic cleaning tank.
13. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said primary, secondary and further windings being disposed on a toroidal transformer core.
14. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, and a capacitance coupled in parallel with said piezoelectric element.
15. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
a driving circuit portion;
an output circuit portion which includes a transducer having a predetermined resonant frequency;
means coupling said portions to each other, and
said driving circuit portion having a combination of circuit elements adapted to be resonant at a frequency which is an even integer multiple of said predetermined resonant frequency.

Claims (15)

1. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising: a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding; a capacitance coupled in parallel with said primary winding; a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially in circuit with said primary winding and parallelcoupled capacitance for cyclically providing current flow from said source through said winding; said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning apparatus; a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic current flow, and the combination of said primary winding and capacitance forming a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency which is an even integer multiple of the frequency of the oscillatory circuit comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element.
2. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said primary winding and capacitance in combination having a resonant frequency which is four times higher than the resonant frequency determined by the oscillatory circuit comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element.
3. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, the combination of said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element being resonant at a frequency of at least 20 kHz.
4. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said switching means being a transistor.
5. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said piezoelectric element being a disk-type element coupled to an exterior surface of an ultrasonic cleaning tank.
6. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said primary, secondary and further windings being disposed on a toroidal transformer core.
7. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, said circuit comprising: a driving portion which includes a source of direct current, a switching means, a first transformer winding, and a capacitance connected in parallel with said first winding so arranged that said switching means is adapted to cyclically provide current flow from said source through said winding; a load portion which includes a second transformer winding inductively coupled to said first winding, a piezoelectric transducer, and an inductance coupled to said second winding and to said transducer; and said driving portion being dimensioned to exhibit when said switching means inhibits current flow from said source to said first winding a fundamental resonant frequency which is an even integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of said transducer.
8. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus coMprising: a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding; the series combination of a capacitance and an inductance coupled in parallel with said primary winding; a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially in circuit with said primary winding and said parallel coupled series combination for cyclically providing current flow from said source through said winding; said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning apparatus; a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic current flow, and the combination of said primary winding and series combination forming a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency which is an even integer multiple of the frequency of the oscillatory circuit comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element.
9. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said primary winding and series combination coupled in parallel in combination having a resonant frequency which is four times higher than the resonant frequency determined by the oscillatory circuit comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element.
10. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, the combination of said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric element being resonant at a frequency of at least 20 kHz.
11. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said switching means being a transistor.
12. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said piezoelectric element being a disk-type element coupled to an exterior surface of an ultrasonic cleaning tank.
13. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said primary, secondary and further windings being disposed on a toroidal transformer core.
14. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, and a capacitance coupled in parallel with said piezoelectric element.
15. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising: a driving circuit portion; an output circuit portion which includes a transducer having a predetermined resonant frequency; means coupling said portions to each other, and said driving circuit portion having a combination of circuit elements adapted to be resonant at a frequency which is an even integer multiple of said predetermined resonant frequency.
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US20080047575A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2008-02-28 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and processing with sound
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US20080170464A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2008-07-17 Olympus Corporation Analyzing apparatus, supply apparatus, agitation apparatus, and agitation method
CN101817007A (en) * 2010-04-01 2010-09-01 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 Ultrasonic cleaning device of motor winding
US20130293064A1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-07 Fairchild Korea Semiconductor Ltd. Piezoelectric circuit, piezoelectric driving circuit for the piezoelectric circuit, and piezoelectric driving method
CN103595374A (en) * 2012-08-13 2014-02-19 快捷韩国半导体有限公司 Piezoelectric driving circuit and piezoelectric driving method
WO2015100457A1 (en) 2013-12-27 2015-07-02 Inter-Med, Inc. Piezoelectric device and circuitry
US9192968B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2015-11-24 Wave Particle Processing Process and system for treating particulate solids
US9266117B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2016-02-23 Jo-Ann Reif Process and system for treating particulate solids
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US3866068A (en) * 1974-03-20 1975-02-11 Lewis Corp Frequency varying oscillator circuit vibratory cleaning apparatus
US4038570A (en) * 1974-03-20 1977-07-26 Durley Iii Benton A Ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer drive circuit
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US4168447A (en) * 1977-02-25 1979-09-18 Bussiere Ronald L Prestressed cylindrical piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler
US6288476B1 (en) 1981-02-10 2001-09-11 William L. Puskas Ultrasonic transducer with bias bolt compression bolt
US4418297A (en) * 1981-03-16 1983-11-29 L & R Manufacturing Company Oscillatory resonant transducer driver circuit
US4588917A (en) * 1983-12-17 1986-05-13 Ratcliff Henry K Drive circuit for an ultrasonic generator system
EP0272817A2 (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-06-29 THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY Electro-impulse rapper system for boilers
EP0272817A3 (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-07-20 THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY Electro-impulse rapper system for boilers
US4743789A (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-05-10 Puskas William L Variable frequency drive circuit
FR2615129A1 (en) * 1987-05-15 1988-11-18 Haulot Gerard Method and device for ultrasonic cleaning of submerged surfaces
US4966131A (en) * 1988-02-09 1990-10-30 Mettler Electronics Corp. Ultrasound power generating system with sampled-data frequency control
US5095890A (en) * 1988-02-09 1992-03-17 Mettler Electronics Corp. Method for sampled data frequency control of an ultrasound power generating system
US5076854A (en) * 1988-11-22 1991-12-31 Honda Electronics Co., Ltd. Multi-frequency ultrasonic cleaning method and apparatus
US5735226A (en) * 1996-05-08 1998-04-07 Sgp Technology, Inc. Marine anti-fouling system and method
US20040182414A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2004-09-23 Puskas William L. Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US7211928B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2007-05-01 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US8075695B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2011-12-13 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals, probes and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US6181051B1 (en) 1996-08-05 2001-01-30 William L. Puskas Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US7741753B2 (en) * 1996-08-05 2010-06-22 Puskas William L Megasonic apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing
US6002195A (en) * 1996-08-05 1999-12-14 Puskas; William L. Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US20080129146A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2008-06-05 Puskas William L Megasonic apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing
US6433460B1 (en) 1996-08-05 2002-08-13 William L. Puskas Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US20020171331A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2002-11-21 Puskas William L. Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US20070205695A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2007-09-06 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals, probes and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US6538360B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2003-03-25 William L. Puskas Multiple frequency cleaning system
US5834871A (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-11-10 Puskas; William L. Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US6946773B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2005-09-20 Puskas William L Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US6914364B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2005-07-05 William L. Puskas Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US20050017599A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2005-01-27 Puskas William L. Apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US20080047575A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2008-02-28 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and processing with sound
US20040256952A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2004-12-23 William Puskas Multi-generator system for an ultrasonic processing tank
US7004016B1 (en) 1996-09-24 2006-02-28 Puskas William L Probe system for ultrasonic processing tank
US20060086604A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2006-04-27 Puskas William L Organism inactivation method and system
US6016821A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-01-25 Puskas; William L. Systems and methods for ultrasonically processing delicate parts
US7211927B2 (en) 1996-09-24 2007-05-01 William Puskas Multi-generator system for an ultrasonic processing tank
US6172444B1 (en) 1996-09-24 2001-01-09 William L. Puskas Power system for impressing AC voltage across a capacitive element
US6242847B1 (en) 1996-09-24 2001-06-05 William L. Puskas Ultrasonic transducer with epoxy compression elements
US20030028287A1 (en) * 1999-08-09 2003-02-06 Puskas William L. Apparatus, circuitry and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound waves
US6822372B2 (en) 1999-08-09 2004-11-23 William L. Puskas Apparatus, circuitry and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound waves
US6313565B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2001-11-06 William L. Puskas Multiple frequency cleaning system
US7336019B1 (en) 2005-07-01 2008-02-26 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals, probes and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US20080170464A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2008-07-17 Olympus Corporation Analyzing apparatus, supply apparatus, agitation apparatus, and agitation method
CN101817007A (en) * 2010-04-01 2010-09-01 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 Ultrasonic cleaning device of motor winding
US9266117B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2016-02-23 Jo-Ann Reif Process and system for treating particulate solids
US20130293064A1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-07 Fairchild Korea Semiconductor Ltd. Piezoelectric circuit, piezoelectric driving circuit for the piezoelectric circuit, and piezoelectric driving method
US9397284B2 (en) * 2012-05-07 2016-07-19 Fairchild Korea Semiconductor Ltd Piezoelectric circuit, piezoelectric driving circuit for the piezoelectric circuit, and piezoelectric driving method
CN103595374A (en) * 2012-08-13 2014-02-19 快捷韩国半导体有限公司 Piezoelectric driving circuit and piezoelectric driving method
CN103595374B (en) * 2012-08-13 2017-07-25 快捷韩国半导体有限公司 Piezoelectric driving circuit and Piezoelectric Driving method
US9192968B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2015-11-24 Wave Particle Processing Process and system for treating particulate solids
WO2015100457A1 (en) 2013-12-27 2015-07-02 Inter-Med, Inc. Piezoelectric device and circuitry
US9700382B2 (en) 2013-12-27 2017-07-11 Inter-Med, Inc. Piezoelectric device and circuitry
WO2021207299A1 (en) * 2020-04-09 2021-10-14 Rheem Manufacturing Company Systems and methods for preventing and removing chemical deposits in a fluid heating device
US11732927B2 (en) 2020-04-09 2023-08-22 Rheem Manufacturing Company Systems and methods for preventing and removing chemical deposits in a fluid heating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2120763A5 (en) 1972-08-18
DE2161160A1 (en) 1972-07-06
IT945328B (en) 1973-05-10
DE2161160B2 (en) 1976-01-15
JPS5040658B1 (en) 1975-12-25
CA926989A (en) 1973-05-22
GB1356478A (en) 1974-06-12

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