US4439847A - High efficiency broadband directional sonar transducer - Google Patents
High efficiency broadband directional sonar transducer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4439847A US4439847A US06/332,457 US33245781A US4439847A US 4439847 A US4439847 A US 4439847A US 33245781 A US33245781 A US 33245781A US 4439847 A US4439847 A US 4439847A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- transducer elements
- cylindrical
- vibratile
- sound
- base portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N (2s)-2-[[2-benzyl-3-[hydroxy-[(1r)-2-phenyl-1-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]phosphoryl]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)O)C(=O)C(CP(O)(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940126208 compound 22 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyurethane Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
- B06B1/0655—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element of cylindrical shape
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/20—Reflecting arrangements
Definitions
- This invention relates to electroacoustic transducers and more specifically with improving the efficiency and extending the bandwidth of an underwater transmitting transducer for operating in the high audio and ultrasonic frequency region between approximately 10 kHz to 100 kHz. It is well known to those skilled in the art that a transducer designed to have an approximately conical directional beam pattern generally utilizes a plane vibratile piston area whose effective diameter exceeds approximately 1/2 wavelength at the operating frequency. It is also generally well known to those skilled in the art that the bandwidth of an underwater transducer of the vibratile piston type operating at the higher audible or in the ultrasonic frequency region is generally very much less than 1/2 octave if high operational efficiencies in the order of 40 to 60 percent are required to be met.
- a typical vibratile piston transducer of the type shown in FIG. 7 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,328,751 or FIG. 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,319,219 can be designed to operate with an efficiency in the order of 50% over a bandwidth in the order of 1/4 octave.
- This invention achieves broadband response at high efficiency with a novel transducer array that occupies a relatively small diameter no larger than the diameter of a single element used in the conventional multi-element piston array above described.
- the novel array disclosed in this invention employs an axial alignment of a plurality of transducer elements each employing a radially vibrating thin-walled cylinder mounted coaxially within a 45° conical-shaped reflecting annulus.
- Each transducer element in the array is made progressively smaller in diameter so that the complete structure takes the shape of a pagoda-like assembly that fits compactly within a small size streamlined waterproof housing that can become the nose of a small diameter underwater vehicle.
- the primary object of this invention is to design a small size wideband transducer array that will achieve a transmitting efficiency underwater in the order of 50% over a frequency range in excess of 1/2 octave and as great as one or two octaves or more.
- Another object of this invention is to design an underwater transducer array that has high efficiency over a wide frequency band in excess of 1/2 octave and as great as one or two octaves for operating in the upper audio or ultrasonic frequency region above 5 kHz.
- Still another object of this invention is to design an efficient wideband underwater transducer which comprises an array of axially aligned transducer elements each employing a radially vibrating thin-walled cylinder of progressively smaller diameter mounted coaxially within a 45° conical-shaped reflecting annulus.
- Each transducer element assembly of progressively smaller diameter is displaced axially to form a tapered pagoda-like assembly which is enclosed within a small diameter waterproof streamlined housing structure to permit non-turbulent movement of the structure through the water.
- Another object of the invention is to utilize thin-walled ceramic cylinders as the active elements in the above described transducer array and to make the wall thicknesses of the cylinders approximately 5% of their diameters in order to achieve a bandwidth for each element in the array of approximately 1/3 octave or greater.
- a further object of the invention is to encapsulate the above described pagoda-like multi-element transducer array within a streamlined molded shape of sound transmitting material to provide efficient acoustic coupling from the vibratile surfaces of the transducer elements to the water within which the transducer assembly is immersed.
- a still further object of this invention is to design a broadband high efficiency transducer which comprises a multi-element array of coaxially aligned transducer elements each employing a radially vibrating thin-walled cylinder of progressively smaller diameter and in which the sound radiation is directed primarily along the principal axis of the assembly in a direction generally toward the smaller diameter end of the transducer element array.
- Another object of this invention is to design a broadband high efficiency transducer which comprises a multi-element array of concentric thin-walled cylindrical transducer elements with each cylindrical element surrounded by a concentric 45° conical reflecting annulus and the entire assembly of conical reflectors is nested within a common approximate planar surface whereby the multiple concentric annual 45° conical reflecting surfaces lie approximately in the same plane.
- FIG. 1 is a rear view of one preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency wideband transducer incorporating the teachings of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross section taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 shows the on-axis response curves for the four-element transducer array illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 shows the approximate average beam pattern for each of the elements which make up the transducer array illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the invention in which the concentric array of the cylindrical transducer elements and their concentric surrounding conical reflecting surfaces are all nested within a planar surface of a common housing structure.
- the reference character 1 represents the main support structure for the transducer array which includes the axial cylindrical multi-diameter tubular portion 2 and the 45° conical reflecting portion 3.
- a thin-walled vibratile cylinder 4 which is preferably a polarized ceramic such as lead zirconate titanate, includes conducting electrodes on the inner and outer wall surfaces as is well known in the art and not shown in the drawing to avoid unnecessary congestion.
- One end of an insulated wire 5 is soldered to the inner electrode surface of the cylinder 4 as illustrated in FIG. 2 and then a layer of corprene 6 is cemented over the soldered end of the wire and to the inner wall surface of the ceramic cylinder 4 using a suitable adhesive as is well known in the art.
- a thin washer-like layer of corprene 7 is used to cover both end surfaces of the cylinder 4 as illustrated.
- One end of an insulated conductor 8 is soldered to the outer electrode surface of the ceramic cylinder 4 as shown.
- the prepared cylinder 4 is then assembled in place over the outer cylindrical surface 9 of the tubular member 2 while the insulated conductors 5 and 8 are passed through the clearance holes drilled through the wall of the tubular portion 2 of the support structure 1 as shown in FIG. 2.
- a conical-shaped reflector member 10 has an axial clearance hole to fit over the machined cylindrical surface 11 of the tubular member 2 and when it is installed and seated on the shoulder 12 the corprene washers 7 will be compressed slightly to hold the cylinder 4 in operating position in the assembly.
- a second cylinder 13 which is smaller than cylinder 4 is prepared with attached insulated wires 14 and 15 and with corprene liners similar to what was described in the preparation of the ceramic cylinder 4. The details of the corprene elements associated with cylinder 13 are not indicated by reference characters to avoid cluttering up the drawing.
- the conductors 14 and 15 are passed through clearance holes drilled through the wall of the tubular support member 2 and the end of the prepared vibratile cylinder 13 is seated to the flat mating surface of part 10 as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- conical reflector 16 is assembled to the structure in the same manner as described for the assembly of conical reflectors 10 and 13.
- ceramic cylinder 17 is prepared and assembled in place in the same manner as described for the assembly of ceramic cylinder 13.
- conical reflector 18 and ceramic cylinder 19 are assembled in place in the same manner as previously described for reflector 16 and ceramic 17.
- the details of the wire connections to the vibratile cylindrical elements 17 and 19 are not shown in order to avoid cluttering the drawings by repeating what has been already described and shown in connection with the vibratile cylindrical elements 4 and 13.
- a retaining washer 20 is securely fastened by means of the screw 21 to the flat end of the tubular member 2 as shown.
- the dimensions are so chosen that the various corprene gaskets placed over the ends of the several ceramic cylinders are satisfactorily compressed by the desired amount when the screw 21 is secured in place.
- a sound transparent potting compound 22 such as polyurethane, which preferably has a formulation such that it approximates the characteristic acoustic impedance of water is poured into a mold, not shown, to completely fill all the space between the vibratile walls of the ceramic cylinders and the surrounding concentric 45° conical reflecting surfaces.
- the potting material is preferably degassed by exposing it to a vacuum prior to pouring it into the mold containing the multi-element array. It is also preferable to evacuate the mold chamber containing the array assembly prior to pouring in the potting compound as is well known in the art of transducer design to avoid the entrapment of air in the potting compound which would prevent the efficient transmission of sound through the material.
- the potting compound may be allowed to flow through the clearance holes provided for the insulated wires in the tubular member 2, if desired, so that the potting compound also fills the space inside the tubular member 2.
- the holes through the tubular member 2 may be sealed with any suitable sealant such as epoxy or silicone rubber to prevent the potting compound 22 from penetrating into the opening inside the tubular member 2.
- the undercut outside diameter of the housing base member 1 may be attached to the inside diameter of a cylindrical tube, for example, whose outside diameter is flush with the diameter of the potted assembly and the transducer assembly will become the streamlined nose of a complete structure which can be propelled through the water with low resistance and negligible turbulence.
- the conductors from all the ceramic cylinders which are shown together within the rear recess portion of the base member 1 can be appropriately connected to the electronic components which may be provided as desired for operating the transducer.
- An alternate more conventional sound transparent housing structure assembly may be used instead of the potted structure 22 if so desired.
- the alternate arrangement would use a hollow streamlined rubber cap sealed to the periphery of the base member 1 and a sound conducting liquid such as castor oil can be used to fill the space within the attached rubber cap and the enclosed transducer structure.
- This alternate oil-filled housing assembly is not illustrated in the drawings because it is a very well known conventional construction which has been widely used for many decades in underwater transducer assemblies.
- FIG. 3 shows the transmitting response characteristics of the four cylindrical transducer elements assembled in the array illustrated in FIG. 2.
- Response curves A, B, C and D represent the transmitting response characteristics of the ceramic cylinders 4, 13, 17 and 19 respectively as assembled in FIG. 2.
- the bandwidth for the ceramic 4 (curve A) is approximately 1/2 octave because the wall thickness of the larger diameter ceramic cylinder 4 was made less than 5% of the ceramic diameter.
- Curves B and C both have bandwidths approximately 1/3 octave wide because the wall thicknesses of the ceramic cylinders 13 and 17 were made approximately equal to 5% of the ceramic diameter.
- the highest frequency cylinder 19 has the response curve D which shows a bandwidth slightly less than 1/3 octave.
- the reduced bandwidth results from the wall thickness of the ceramic cylinder 19 being slightly greater than 5% of its diameter.
- the efficiency of the four transducer elements average 50% over their respective operating frequency bands shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 shows the average directional pattern as obtained near the center of the frequency band of operation for each of the four transducer elements assembled as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the 0° bearing in FIG. 4 is located along the central common axis of the assembly shown in FIG. 2 facing in the direction of the hemispherical end.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectioned view of an alternate assembly which makes use of the teachings of this invention with a simpler structure than was used in the expanded pagoda-like assembly of FIG. 2.
- the cylindrical base member 101 has machined into its plane circular face the cylindrical mounting surfaces 102 and 103 and the 45° conical reflecting surfaces 104 and 105.
- Ceramic cylinders 106 and 107 are lined with corprene 108 and 109.
- the stripped ends of the insulated conductors 110, 111, 112 and 113 are soldered to the inner and outer electrode surfaces of the ceramic cylinders 106 and 107 as illustrated and as described for the ceramic cylinders in FIG. 2.
- the completed assembly illustrated in FIG. 5 is simpler and lower in cost than the assembly illustrated in FIG. 2; however, the assembly of FIG. 5 cannot be used with as many cylindrical elements as is possible with the pagoda-like expanded axial assembly of FIG. 2 and therefore the planar concentric assembly version of the array structure as illustrated in FIG. 5 may be advantageously applied to arrays having only two or three cylindrical elements.
- the array structure illustrated in FIG. 2 may be advantageously used when the arrays have three or more cylinders. Either of the array structures illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 5 may be used for arrays having two or three cylinders.
Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/332,457 US4439847A (en) | 1981-12-21 | 1981-12-21 | High efficiency broadband directional sonar transducer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/332,457 US4439847A (en) | 1981-12-21 | 1981-12-21 | High efficiency broadband directional sonar transducer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US4439847A true US4439847A (en) | 1984-03-27 |
Family
ID=23298302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US06/332,457 Expired - Lifetime US4439847A (en) | 1981-12-21 | 1981-12-21 | High efficiency broadband directional sonar transducer |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US4439847A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4769795A (en) * | 1985-05-16 | 1988-09-06 | F. Massa | Method of making an underwater electroacoustic transducer with long-lasting high leakage resistance |
US4916675A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-04-10 | Honeywell Elac Nautik Gmbh | Broadband omnidirectional electroacoustic transducer |
US5015929A (en) * | 1987-09-07 | 1991-05-14 | Technomed International, S.A. | Piezoelectric device with reduced negative waves, and use of said device for extracorporeal lithotrity or for destroying particular tissues |
US5870351A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1999-02-09 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Broadband microfabriated ultrasonic transducer and method of fabrication |
US6211601B1 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2001-04-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multi-tuned acoustic cylindrical projector |
US6433460B1 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 2002-08-13 | William L. Puskas | Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts |
US20030028287A1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2003-02-06 | Puskas William L. | Apparatus, circuitry and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound waves |
US6722003B2 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2004-04-20 | Chung-Shan Institute Of Science And Technology | Underwater wide-band electroacoustic transducer and packaging method |
US20110110197A1 (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-12 | BTech Acoustics LLC, David A. Brown | Broadband Underwater Acoustic Transducer |
US9035537B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-05-19 | Rgw Innovations, Llc | Cost effective broadband transducer assembly and method of use |
US9091790B2 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2015-07-28 | Airmar Technology Corporation | Multi-function broadband phased-array software defined sonar system and method |
US20170019731A1 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-19 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Monolithic ceramic transducers with embedded electrodes |
WO2017220420A1 (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2017-12-28 | Fundación Tekniker | Method and device for ultrasonic cleaning |
RU2726222C1 (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-07-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "СЗЛ" (ООО "СЗЛ") | Electric equivalent of hydroacoustic transducer |
US20220057477A1 (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-24 | Precision Nanosensors Inc. | Piston and Cylinder Unit Including a Piston Position Detection Unit and a Collimator |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2438925A (en) * | 1944-08-18 | 1948-04-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetostrictive submarine signal transmitter or receiver |
US2922140A (en) * | 1954-06-25 | 1960-01-19 | Edo Corp | Selectively directive compressional wave transducers |
US3277451A (en) * | 1963-11-21 | 1966-10-04 | Edwin J Parssinen | Wide angle broad band hydrophone array |
US3302163A (en) * | 1965-08-31 | 1967-01-31 | Jr Daniel E Andrews | Broad band acoustic transducer |
US3562451A (en) * | 1968-06-11 | 1971-02-09 | Us Navy | Microphone and headset for underwater swimmer |
US3703652A (en) * | 1970-02-25 | 1972-11-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Electroacoustic transducer |
JPS5245363A (en) * | 1975-10-07 | 1977-04-09 | Tokyo Keiki Co Ltd | Supersonic wave feeder and receiver |
US4209766A (en) * | 1964-09-15 | 1980-06-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Transducer |
-
1981
- 1981-12-21 US US06/332,457 patent/US4439847A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2438925A (en) * | 1944-08-18 | 1948-04-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetostrictive submarine signal transmitter or receiver |
US2922140A (en) * | 1954-06-25 | 1960-01-19 | Edo Corp | Selectively directive compressional wave transducers |
US3277451A (en) * | 1963-11-21 | 1966-10-04 | Edwin J Parssinen | Wide angle broad band hydrophone array |
US4209766A (en) * | 1964-09-15 | 1980-06-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Transducer |
US3302163A (en) * | 1965-08-31 | 1967-01-31 | Jr Daniel E Andrews | Broad band acoustic transducer |
US3562451A (en) * | 1968-06-11 | 1971-02-09 | Us Navy | Microphone and headset for underwater swimmer |
US3703652A (en) * | 1970-02-25 | 1972-11-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Electroacoustic transducer |
JPS5245363A (en) * | 1975-10-07 | 1977-04-09 | Tokyo Keiki Co Ltd | Supersonic wave feeder and receiver |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4769795A (en) * | 1985-05-16 | 1988-09-06 | F. Massa | Method of making an underwater electroacoustic transducer with long-lasting high leakage resistance |
US5015929A (en) * | 1987-09-07 | 1991-05-14 | Technomed International, S.A. | Piezoelectric device with reduced negative waves, and use of said device for extracorporeal lithotrity or for destroying particular tissues |
US4916675A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-04-10 | Honeywell Elac Nautik Gmbh | Broadband omnidirectional electroacoustic transducer |
US5870351A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1999-02-09 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Broadband microfabriated ultrasonic transducer and method of fabrication |
US6914364B2 (en) | 1996-08-05 | 2005-07-05 | William L. Puskas | Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts |
US6433460B1 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 2002-08-13 | William L. Puskas | Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts |
US20020171331A1 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 2002-11-21 | Puskas William L. | Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts |
US20040182414A1 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 2004-09-23 | Puskas William L. | Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts |
US6946773B2 (en) | 1996-08-05 | 2005-09-20 | Puskas William L | Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts |
US6211601B1 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2001-04-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multi-tuned acoustic cylindrical projector |
US20030028287A1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2003-02-06 | Puskas William L. | Apparatus, circuitry and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound waves |
US6822372B2 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2004-11-23 | William L. Puskas | Apparatus, circuitry and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound waves |
US6722003B2 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2004-04-20 | Chung-Shan Institute Of Science And Technology | Underwater wide-band electroacoustic transducer and packaging method |
US6750595B2 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2004-06-15 | Chung-Shan Institute Of Science And Technology | Underwater wide-band electroacoustic transducer and packaging method |
US9772416B2 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2017-09-26 | Airmar Technology Corporation | Multi-function broadband phased-array software defined sonar system and method |
US9091790B2 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2015-07-28 | Airmar Technology Corporation | Multi-function broadband phased-array software defined sonar system and method |
US9772417B2 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2017-09-26 | Airmar Technology Corporation | Multi-function broadband phased-array software defined sonar system and method |
US10451758B2 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2019-10-22 | Airmar Technology Corporation | Multi-function broadband phased-array software defined sonar system and method |
US8027224B2 (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2011-09-27 | Brown David A | Broadband underwater acoustic transducer |
US20110110197A1 (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-12 | BTech Acoustics LLC, David A. Brown | Broadband Underwater Acoustic Transducer |
US9035537B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-05-19 | Rgw Innovations, Llc | Cost effective broadband transducer assembly and method of use |
US20170019731A1 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-19 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Monolithic ceramic transducers with embedded electrodes |
WO2017220420A1 (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2017-12-28 | Fundación Tekniker | Method and device for ultrasonic cleaning |
ES2708149R1 (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2019-04-11 | Fund Tekniker | Method and device for ultrasonic cleaning |
RU2726222C1 (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-07-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "СЗЛ" (ООО "СЗЛ") | Electric equivalent of hydroacoustic transducer |
US20220057477A1 (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-24 | Precision Nanosensors Inc. | Piston and Cylinder Unit Including a Piston Position Detection Unit and a Collimator |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MASSA, DONALD P. TRUSTEE OF THE STONELEIGH TRUST U Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MASSA, FRANK;REEL/FRAME:004209/0117 Effective date: 19840112 Owner name: DELLORFANO FRED M., JR. TRUSTEE OF THE STONELEIGH Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MASSA, FRANK;REEL/FRAME:004209/0117 Effective date: 19840112 |
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