US4988530A - Soluble dietary fiber fortified beverage - Google Patents

Soluble dietary fiber fortified beverage Download PDF

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Publication number
US4988530A
US4988530A US07/496,808 US49680890A US4988530A US 4988530 A US4988530 A US 4988530A US 49680890 A US49680890 A US 49680890A US 4988530 A US4988530 A US 4988530A
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beverage
accordance
weight percent
juice
amount
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US07/496,808
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Kenneth P. Hoersten
Albert D. Bolles
Duane G. Dougan
Marcia E. Akad
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GREENFIELD MATERIAL PRODUCTS Inc
MICHAEL ANTHONY DON
Gerber Products Co
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Gerber Products Co
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Assigned to MICHAEL, ANTHONY DON reassignment MICHAEL, ANTHONY DON ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRUNSWICK BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Assigned to GREENFIELD MATERIAL PRODUCTS, INC. reassignment GREENFIELD MATERIAL PRODUCTS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MICHAEL, T. ANTHONY DON
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • A23L29/231—Pectin; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • A23L29/25—Exudates, e.g. gum arabic, gum acacia, gum karaya or tragacanth

Definitions

  • This invention relates to beverages.
  • Artisans have suggested the addition of soluble dietary fiber to beverages as an enrichment additive or as a thickener replacement.
  • Dietary fiber is defined as plant material resistant to hydrolysis by enzymes of the mammalian digestive tract.
  • dietary fiber There are two general categories of dietary fiber, soluble and insoluble, with different physical properties and different benefits, although the presence of either or both in the diet beneficially affects health.
  • the insoluble fibers cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin
  • bran the most widely recognized fiber, has no beneficial effect on cholesterol levels while soluble dietary fibers have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing serum cholesterol levels in humans.
  • the insoluble dietary fibers are difficult to maintain in proper suspension or dispersion, and tend to settle to the bottom of drinks and beverages.
  • the insoluble dietary fibers provide the liquid foodstuffs with a gritty texture and are not particularly pleasant tasting.
  • the soluble dietary fibers do not have a gritty texture associated with their use.
  • the soluble fibers tend to thicken liquid products and can affect the original sensory mouthfeel of the unmodified liquid.
  • dietary supplements such as carboxymethyl cellulose have to be added to water or juice and consumed promptly, or they will thicken the solution to the consistency of partially set gelatin or wallpaper paste.
  • Psyllium powder which has some soluble dietary fiber does not thicken as much as carboxymethyl cellulose, but has a gritty or grainy mouthfeel and an unattractive, dirty appearance.
  • gum arabic does not affect the viscosity to the degree of soluble fibers such as carboxymethyl cellulose or psyllium powder.
  • gum arabic must be used at concentration levels which would exceed current allowable Food and Drug Administration limits on gum arabic, and which would be so high that they might not be approved by that agency for human consumption.
  • a relatively low viscosity dietary fiber beverage product can be commercially produced by the addition of a particular combination of gum arabic and certain pectin soluble fibers to fruit and vegetable beverages.
  • the term "beverages” includes fruit-flavored drinks, fruit and vegetable juice drinks and fruit and vegetable juices.
  • the beverage products of this invention contain from 1.0 to 4.0 weight percent of gum arabic and from 0.2 to 1.2 weight percent of high methoxyl pectin and provide a fiber content of at least 2 grams fiber per 8 ounce serving.
  • the incorporation of gum arabic and high methoxyl pectin does not significantly alter the smooth mouthfeel of the beverage (i.e., does not result in a grainy, particulate or lumpy mouthfeel).
  • the beverage of this invention with added fiber is somewhat more viscous than it would be without the fiber, but does not become gelatinous and pasty like a solution of carboxymethyl cellulose or have a gritty, grainy mouthfeel like psyllium powder in water.
  • the addition of the soluble fibers in accordance with the invention surprisingly reduces the tartness of acidic juices included in the beverage.
  • fruit and vegetable beverages comprising high methoxyl pectin and gum arabic blended into fruit and vegetable juices or drinks.
  • the present invention provides liquid compositions comprising a liquid carrier, fruit juices or concentrates, vegetable juices or concentrates, or fruit flavors and a soluble dietary fiber supplement consisting essentially of gum arabic and a pectin having a degree of esterification of at least 50%, wherein the amount of gum arabic is in the range from 1 to 4 weight percent and the amount of pectin is in the range from 0.2 to 1.2 weight percent, said weight percents being based on total weight of product, and wherein the amount of fiber supplement is sufficient to provide a fiber level of at least 2 grams per 8 fluid ounce product.
  • Pectin is a general term which refers to a variety of polymers composed mainly of (1-4) alpha-D-galacturonic acid units that are found in the lamella of plant cells.
  • One difference between varieties of pectins is their degree of methyl esterification, which decreases somewhat as plant ripening takes place.
  • Protopectin is the form of pectin found in the flesh of immature fruits and vegetables. It is highly esterified with methanol, is insoluble in water, and produces the hard texture of unripe fruits and vegetables.
  • Pectinic acids are less highly methylated forms of pectin and are derived from protopectin by the action of pectic enzymes. Depending on the degree of esterification and degree of methylation, pectinic acids may be colloidal or water soluble.
  • Pectin used in the juice compositions of the present invention is not being used as a thickening agent. Rather, the high-methoxyl pectins utilized in the liquid beverage foodstuff products of the present invention have a degree of esterification greater than 50%, and preferably greater than 70%, and are employed under conditions of concentration, soluble solids level and pH that do not induce gelation.
  • a second essential ingredient of the present invention is gum arabic. It is obtained as an exudate from the acacia tree and is ofttimes referred to as acacia gum.
  • Gum arabic is a complex heteroglycen with a molecular weight of 250,000 to 1,000,000 daltons. The polymer usually contains some minor amounts of L-arabinose and L-rhamnose. Molecules exist as short, stiff spirals of 1,050 to 2,400 angstroms in length, depending on molecular charge. Gum arabic dissolves readily in water to produce solutions of low viscosity. Gum arabic can be dissolved and extended to 50% weight to form a high-solid gel similar to that of starch. Concentrations less than 40% in solutions exhibit Newtonian rheology; above 40% concentration the dispersions are pseudoplastic. High quality types of this gum form colorless, tasteless solutions.
  • the pectin and gum arabic are blended with the beverage composition to provide a liquid composition containing from 0.2 to 1.2, preferably 0.25 to 0.75, and most preferably 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight of pectin and from 1 to 4, preferably 1.0 to 3 and most preferably 1.0 to 1.9 weight percent gum arabic.
  • the liquid beverages which are prepared in accordance with the present invention contain from 2 to 10 grams, preferably from 3 to 9 grams and most preferably from 5 to 9 grams fiber per 8 fluid ounce serving of the liquid food.
  • the juices employed in this invention are obtained from a fruit, vegetable or related edible plant by crushing, squeezing and the like operations, then filtered, strained or passed through a sieve, resin bed, clay or diatomaceous earth bed or filters to give the desired juice mixture.
  • the juice comprises at least one type of fruit or vegetable juice, although a combination of various juices as well as types can be utilized.
  • fruit or vegetable juice is meant to include any type of juice o which can be extracted from a fruit or vegetable by any conventional means such as pressing.
  • Representative juices which can be utilized in the present invention include, without limitation thereto, lemon, lime, grapefruit, orange, tomato, pineapple, apple, grape, cranberry, peach, pear, cherry, legumes, celery, carrot and the like.
  • the beverages of this invention include fruit-flavored drinks, fruit or vegetable juice drinks and fruit or vegetable juices.
  • the beverage mixtures of this invention will contain, in the case of fruit-flavored drinks, from 0.1 to 1% of at least one natural or artificial flavoring, pectin and gum arabic as specified above, with the balance comprising mainly water and additive amounts of other beverage materials such as citric acid, sodium citrate, natural or artificial sweeteners, vitamin extracts and suitable coloring agents such as orange coloring, cherry coloring, grape coloring and the like.
  • Vegetable and fruit juice drinks will contain from 0.1 to 1% of at least one natural or artificial flavoring in admixture with sufficient full strength juice or an equivalent amount of juice concentrate and required water of reconsitution to provide a drink having the desired natural flavor.
  • the amount of full strength juice is less than 100% of the beverage liquid and is usually in the range from 5 to 65, preferably 10 to 45% by weight of total composition.
  • Juice concentrates can be used entirely, as can mixtures of full strength juices to provide the amount of juice necessary to obtain the desired taste.
  • the fruit and vegetable juice drinks will contain pectin and gum arabic as specified above with the balance comprising water and additive amounts of other beverage materials as set forth above.
  • the fruit and vegetable juices comprise full strength juice, juice concentrate with water of reconstitution, or mixtures thereof, pectin and gum arabic as specified above, and additive amounts of other beverage ingredients, such as vitamin extracts.
  • the fruit and vegetable juices are substantially full strength juice mixtures and, except for water of reconsitution for dilution of juice concentrates, otherwise contain no added water.
  • the finished fruit beverage will have a brix value of at least 10, and preferably in the range of 13 to 15 after all the ingredients have been intermixed.
  • the brix value is generally an indication of sweetness and is defined as the percent of soluble solids primarily made up of natural sugars.
  • a vessel which has provisions for mixing under high shear.
  • This liquid portion is heated to 185° F. (80 to 85. C.). Higher temperatures may be used, but they should not exceed the boiling point of the system.
  • Gum arabic and pectin are added and blended into the liquid mixture.
  • This is then charged to a low shear mixer, e.g., batch tank, along with the balance of the liquid, and blended.
  • the mix may then be refrigerated to await packaging or packaged directly. Before packaging, the mix is heated to commercial sterilization or pasteurization temperatures and subsequently packaged according to hot fill technology or cooled and packaged aseptically or in nonsterile containers for refrigerated distribution.
  • Example 1-12 illustrate satisfactory beverages which have been prepared according to the present invention.
  • the liquid beverages have approximately 1 to 2 percent by weight fiber and a fiber content of about 3 to 5 grams per 8 ounce serving. All amounts are parts by weight (PBW), per 100 parts by weight of composition unless otherwise indicated.
  • the finished juice had a viscosity of 33.5 cps at 23.3° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
  • the finished juice had viscosities of 28.0 cps at 20.6° C. and 40.0 cps at 6.7° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
  • the finished product had viscosities of 39.0 cps at 6.7° C. and 27.75 cps at 20.6° c., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
  • the finished product had a viscosity of 38.0 cps at 23.3° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
  • the finished product had viscosities of 47.75 cps at 6.7° C. and 33.25 cps at 20.6° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
  • the finished product had a viscosity of 32.5 cps at 23.3° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
  • the finished product had viscosities of 40.0 cps at 6.7° C., and 27.25 cps at 20.6° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
  • the finished product had a viscosity of 34.75 cps at 23.3° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
  • Single-strength apple juice and single-strength apple cherry juice were compounded with different levels of gum arabic and pectin combinations in accordance with the invention, for sensory testing purposes. Uncompounded juices were employed as controls for the test.
  • Formulation 12-1 was single-strength apple juice with no added dietary fiber;
  • formulation 12-2 was single-strength apple juice combining 1.049 weight percent gum arabic and 0.333 weight percent high methoxyl pectin;
  • formulation 12-3 was single-strength apple juice containing 4.0 weight percent gum arabic and 0.2 weight percent high methoxyl pectin;
  • formulation 12-4 was single-strength apple juice containing 1.0 weight percent gum arabic and 1.2 weight percent pectin;
  • formulation 12-5 was single-strength apple cherry juice containing no dietary fiber; and
  • formulation 12-6 was single-strength apple cherry juice containing 1.049 weight percent gum arabic and 0.333 weight percent high methoxyl pectin
  • the product blends were presented in a balanced order with four replications by each panelist.
  • Each panelist rated the product attributes on a six inch line scale divided into 60 equal intervals with the magnitude of the attribute increasing from left to right.
  • Attributes for flavor consisted of overall flavor, apple, cider, fruity (nonapple), citrus, sweet, tart, musty, artificial fruit, clove, metallic and bitter flavors.
  • Attributes for mouthfeel/texture consisted of amount and size of particles, thickness and mouth coating of the beverage.
  • the beverages of this invention were judged to not be either grainy or tapioca-like, i.e., they have a smooth mouthfeel.
  • Thickness was also judged to be low when compared with blends of other dietary fiber sources, as in Example 14.
  • Various commercially available dietary fiber sources including carboxymethyl cellulose, Citrocel®, Metamucil®, guar gum, xanthan gum and psyllium mucilloid were compounded according to label instructions into the same apple base. All mixtures were made in single strength apple juice. Viscosity measurements were made immediately after mixing of the compounded products and after 30 minutes standing at room temperature, using Brookfield Model RVT viscometer at 100 rpm, utilizing a 500 ml sample in a 600 ml beaker. The results were as follows:
  • Metamucil-containing formulations of this example demonstrate a viscosity which would otherwise appear acceptable, but the blend is grainy/gritty with flocculation and dark specks.

Abstract

Beverages including a liquid carrier and a combination of gum arabic and pectin having a degree of esterification of at least 50%, at a level to provide at least 2 grams of fiber per 8 fluid ounce serving.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to beverages. Artisans have suggested the addition of soluble dietary fiber to beverages as an enrichment additive or as a thickener replacement.
The growing awareness of the affect of lifestyle and diet on overall health has caused a significant rethinking of attitudes toward dietary habits. Current studies indicate that dietary fibers help promote good health and otherwise appear to have a beneficial affect on weight control, cholesterol levels, diabetes and in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diverticulitis, varicose veins, hiatus of the hernia and colon cancer. The Food and Drug Administration in the United States has indicated that a person should consume 25 to 30 grams of dietary fiber per day, with a fair source of fiber containing at least 2 grams per serving and an excellent source containing 8 grams per serving. The current average dietary fiber consumed in the United States is 11 to 15 grams per day. Given the high usage of refined food products, such as cereal grain, in which the dietary fiber has been deliberately removed from the refined food product, there is a particular need for food products which can provide a convenient and tasteful source of dietary fiber.
Dietary fiber is defined as plant material resistant to hydrolysis by enzymes of the mammalian digestive tract. There are two general categories of dietary fiber, soluble and insoluble, with different physical properties and different benefits, although the presence of either or both in the diet beneficially affects health. However, the insoluble fibers (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) do not provide many of the health benefits that the soluble types offer. For example, bran, the most widely recognized fiber, has no beneficial effect on cholesterol levels while soluble dietary fibers have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing serum cholesterol levels in humans. In addition, when incorporated into liquid food formulations, the insoluble dietary fibers are difficult to maintain in proper suspension or dispersion, and tend to settle to the bottom of drinks and beverages. Additionally, the insoluble dietary fibers provide the liquid foodstuffs with a gritty texture and are not particularly pleasant tasting.
Because of their solubility, the soluble dietary fibers do not have a gritty texture associated with their use. However, the soluble fibers tend to thicken liquid products and can affect the original sensory mouthfeel of the unmodified liquid. Thus, dietary supplements such as carboxymethyl cellulose have to be added to water or juice and consumed promptly, or they will thicken the solution to the consistency of partially set gelatin or wallpaper paste. Psyllium powder which has some soluble dietary fiber does not thicken as much as carboxymethyl cellulose, but has a gritty or grainy mouthfeel and an unattractive, dirty appearance.
It is known that gum arabic does not affect the viscosity to the degree of soluble fibers such as carboxymethyl cellulose or psyllium powder. However, to form a liquid product with a dietary fiber level of practical significance, gum arabic must be used at concentration levels which would exceed current allowable Food and Drug Administration limits on gum arabic, and which would be so high that they might not be approved by that agency for human consumption.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
We have surprisingly discovered that a relatively low viscosity dietary fiber beverage product can be commercially produced by the addition of a particular combination of gum arabic and certain pectin soluble fibers to fruit and vegetable beverages. As used herein, the term "beverages" includes fruit-flavored drinks, fruit and vegetable juice drinks and fruit and vegetable juices. The beverage products of this invention contain from 1.0 to 4.0 weight percent of gum arabic and from 0.2 to 1.2 weight percent of high methoxyl pectin and provide a fiber content of at least 2 grams fiber per 8 ounce serving. The incorporation of gum arabic and high methoxyl pectin does not significantly alter the smooth mouthfeel of the beverage (i.e., does not result in a grainy, particulate or lumpy mouthfeel). It does make the beverage feel more full bodied in the mouth. The beverage of this invention with added fiber is somewhat more viscous than it would be without the fiber, but does not become gelatinous and pasty like a solution of carboxymethyl cellulose or have a gritty, grainy mouthfeel like psyllium powder in water. In addition to having little impact on beverage viscosity and smooth mouthfeel, the addition of the soluble fibers in accordance with the invention surprisingly reduces the tartness of acidic juices included in the beverage.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are provided fruit and vegetable beverages comprising high methoxyl pectin and gum arabic blended into fruit and vegetable juices or drinks.
More particularly, the present invention provides liquid compositions comprising a liquid carrier, fruit juices or concentrates, vegetable juices or concentrates, or fruit flavors and a soluble dietary fiber supplement consisting essentially of gum arabic and a pectin having a degree of esterification of at least 50%, wherein the amount of gum arabic is in the range from 1 to 4 weight percent and the amount of pectin is in the range from 0.2 to 1.2 weight percent, said weight percents being based on total weight of product, and wherein the amount of fiber supplement is sufficient to provide a fiber level of at least 2 grams per 8 fluid ounce product.
Pectin is a general term which refers to a variety of polymers composed mainly of (1-4) alpha-D-galacturonic acid units that are found in the lamella of plant cells. One difference between varieties of pectins is their degree of methyl esterification, which decreases somewhat as plant ripening takes place. Protopectin is the form of pectin found in the flesh of immature fruits and vegetables. It is highly esterified with methanol, is insoluble in water, and produces the hard texture of unripe fruits and vegetables. Pectinic acids are less highly methylated forms of pectin and are derived from protopectin by the action of pectic enzymes. Depending on the degree of esterification and degree of methylation, pectinic acids may be colloidal or water soluble.
Pectin used in the juice compositions of the present invention is not being used as a thickening agent. Rather, the high-methoxyl pectins utilized in the liquid beverage foodstuff products of the present invention have a degree of esterification greater than 50%, and preferably greater than 70%, and are employed under conditions of concentration, soluble solids level and pH that do not induce gelation.
A second essential ingredient of the present invention is gum arabic. It is obtained as an exudate from the acacia tree and is ofttimes referred to as acacia gum. Gum arabic is a complex heteroglycen with a molecular weight of 250,000 to 1,000,000 daltons. The polymer usually contains some minor amounts of L-arabinose and L-rhamnose. Molecules exist as short, stiff spirals of 1,050 to 2,400 angstroms in length, depending on molecular charge. Gum arabic dissolves readily in water to produce solutions of low viscosity. Gum arabic can be dissolved and extended to 50% weight to form a high-solid gel similar to that of starch. Concentrations less than 40% in solutions exhibit Newtonian rheology; above 40% concentration the dispersions are pseudoplastic. High quality types of this gum form colorless, tasteless solutions.
The pectin and gum arabic are blended with the beverage composition to provide a liquid composition containing from 0.2 to 1.2, preferably 0.25 to 0.75, and most preferably 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight of pectin and from 1 to 4, preferably 1.0 to 3 and most preferably 1.0 to 1.9 weight percent gum arabic. The liquid beverages which are prepared in accordance with the present invention contain from 2 to 10 grams, preferably from 3 to 9 grams and most preferably from 5 to 9 grams fiber per 8 fluid ounce serving of the liquid food.
The juices employed in this invention are obtained from a fruit, vegetable or related edible plant by crushing, squeezing and the like operations, then filtered, strained or passed through a sieve, resin bed, clay or diatomaceous earth bed or filters to give the desired juice mixture. The juice comprises at least one type of fruit or vegetable juice, although a combination of various juices as well as types can be utilized. As used herein, the term "fruit or vegetable juice," is meant to include any type of juice o which can be extracted from a fruit or vegetable by any conventional means such as pressing. Representative juices which can be utilized in the present invention include, without limitation thereto, lemon, lime, grapefruit, orange, tomato, pineapple, apple, grape, cranberry, peach, pear, cherry, legumes, celery, carrot and the like.
The beverages of this invention include fruit-flavored drinks, fruit or vegetable juice drinks and fruit or vegetable juices. The beverage mixtures of this invention will contain, in the case of fruit-flavored drinks, from 0.1 to 1% of at least one natural or artificial flavoring, pectin and gum arabic as specified above, with the balance comprising mainly water and additive amounts of other beverage materials such as citric acid, sodium citrate, natural or artificial sweeteners, vitamin extracts and suitable coloring agents such as orange coloring, cherry coloring, grape coloring and the like. Vegetable and fruit juice drinks will contain from 0.1 to 1% of at least one natural or artificial flavoring in admixture with sufficient full strength juice or an equivalent amount of juice concentrate and required water of reconsitution to provide a drink having the desired natural flavor. Generally the amount of full strength juice is less than 100% of the beverage liquid and is usually in the range from 5 to 65, preferably 10 to 45% by weight of total composition. Juice concentrates can be used entirely, as can mixtures of full strength juices to provide the amount of juice necessary to obtain the desired taste. In addition to flavoring, full strength juice, juice concentrate and water of reconsitution, the fruit and vegetable juice drinks will contain pectin and gum arabic as specified above with the balance comprising water and additive amounts of other beverage materials as set forth above. The fruit and vegetable juices comprise full strength juice, juice concentrate with water of reconstitution, or mixtures thereof, pectin and gum arabic as specified above, and additive amounts of other beverage ingredients, such as vitamin extracts. The fruit and vegetable juices are substantially full strength juice mixtures and, except for water of reconsitution for dilution of juice concentrates, otherwise contain no added water. Generally, the finished fruit beverage will have a brix value of at least 10, and preferably in the range of 13 to 15 after all the ingredients have been intermixed. The brix value is generally an indication of sweetness and is defined as the percent of soluble solids primarily made up of natural sugars.
In forming the beverages of this invention, it is preferable that there be used a vessel which has provisions for mixing under high shear. Preferably, from 10 to 20% of the beverage liquid is added to the high shear mixing tank. This liquid portion is heated to 185° F. (80 to 85. C.). Higher temperatures may be used, but they should not exceed the boiling point of the system. Gum arabic and pectin are added and blended into the liquid mixture. This is then charged to a low shear mixer, e.g., batch tank, along with the balance of the liquid, and blended. The mix may then be refrigerated to await packaging or packaged directly. Before packaging, the mix is heated to commercial sterilization or pasteurization temperatures and subsequently packaged according to hot fill technology or cooled and packaged aseptically or in nonsterile containers for refrigerated distribution.
The following Examples 1-12 illustrate satisfactory beverages which have been prepared according to the present invention. In all cases, the liquid beverages have approximately 1 to 2 percent by weight fiber and a fiber content of about 3 to 5 grams per 8 ounce serving. All amounts are parts by weight (PBW), per 100 parts by weight of composition unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE 1 Apple Raspberry Juice with Fiber--Formula A 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients            PBW                                                
______________________________________                                    
Apple Juice, fresh     89.857                                             
Water                  6.573                                              
Raspberry Juice Conc., Red, 68° Brix                               
                       1.214                                              
Gum Arabic             1.851                                              
Pectin, high methoxyl  0.440                                              
Vitamin C              0.065                                              
                       100.000                                            
______________________________________
The finished juice had a viscosity of 33.5 cps at 23.3° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
EXAMPLE 2 Apple Raspberry Juice with Fiber--Formula D 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients            PBW                                                
______________________________________                                    
Apple Juice, fresh     90.692                                             
Water                  6.635                                              
Raspberry Juice Conc., Red, 68° Brix                               
                       1.225                                              
Gum Arabic             1.049                                              
Pectin, high methoxyl  0.333                                              
Vitamin C              0.066                                              
                       100.000                                            
______________________________________
The finished juice had viscosities of 28.0 cps at 20.6° C. and 40.0 cps at 6.7° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
EXAMPLE 3 Apple Grape Juice with Fiber--Formula D 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients             PBW                                               
______________________________________                                    
Apple Juice, fresh      88.534                                            
Water                   7.671                                             
Grape Juice Conc., Concord, 68° Brix                               
                        1.198                                             
Grape Juice Conc., Calif. Red, 68° Brix                            
                        1.152                                             
Gum Arabic              1.047                                             
Pectin, high methoxyl   0.332                                             
Vitamin C               0.066                                             
                        100.000                                           
______________________________________
The finished product had viscosities of 39.0 cps at 6.7° C. and 27.75 cps at 20.6° c., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
EXAMPLE 4 Apple Grape Juice with Fiber--Formula A 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients             PBW                                               
______________________________________                                    
Apple Juice, fresh      87.720                                            
Water                   7.600                                             
Grape Juice Conc., Concord, 68° Brix                               
                        1.187                                             
Grape Juice Conc., Calif. Red, 68° Brix                            
                        1.142                                             
Gum Arabic              1.847                                             
Pectin, high methoxyl   0.439                                             
Vitamin C               0.065                                             
                        100.000                                           
______________________________________
The finished product had a viscosity of 38.0 cps at 23.3° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
EXAMPLE 5 Apple Cherry Juice with Fiber--Formula D 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients              PBW                                              
______________________________________                                    
Apple Juice, fresh       81.251                                           
Water                    13.732                                           
Cherry Juice Conc., Montmorency, 59° Brix                          
                         2.749                                            
Cherry Juice Conc., Dark Sour, 66° Brix                            
                         0.820                                            
Gum Arabic               1.049                                            
Pectin, high methoxyl    0.333                                            
Vitamin C                0.066                                            
                         100.000                                          
______________________________________
The finished product had viscosities of 47.75 cps at 6.7° C. and 33.25 cps at 20.6° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
EXAMPLE 6 Apple Cherry Juice with Fiber--Formula A 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients              PBW                                              
______________________________________                                    
Apple Juice, fresh       80.505                                           
Water                    13.606                                           
Cherry Juice Conc., Montmorency, 59° Brix                          
                         2.723                                            
Cherry Juice Conc., Dark Sour, 66° Brix                            
                         0.813                                            
Gum Arabic               1.849                                            
Pectin, high methoxyl    0.439                                            
Vitamin C                0.065                                            
                         100.000                                          
______________________________________
The finished product had a viscosity of 32.5 cps at 23.3° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
EXAMPLE 7 Apple Juice with Fiber--Formula D 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       PBW                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Apple Juice, fresh                                                        
                  98.552                                                  
Gum Arabic        1.049                                                   
Pectin, high methoxyl                                                     
                  0.333                                                   
Vitamin C         0.066                                                   
                  100.000                                                 
______________________________________
The finished product had viscosities of 40.0 cps at 6.7° C., and 27.25 cps at 20.6° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
EXAMPLE 8 Apple Juice with Fiber--Formula A 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       PBW                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Apple Juice, fresh                                                        
                  97.645                                                  
Gum Arabic        1.850                                                   
Pectin, high methoxyl                                                     
                  0.440                                                   
Vitamin C         0.065                                                   
                  100.000                                                 
______________________________________
The finished product had a viscosity of 34.75 cps at 23.3° C., spindle No. 1 at 100 rpm, Brookfield Model RVT.
EXAMPLE 9 Orange Juice Drink with Fiber 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients            PBW                                                
______________________________________                                    
Orange Juice Conc., Florida, 64° Brix                              
                       1.729                                              
Sugar                  10.120                                             
Citric acid            0.138                                              
Sodium citrate         0.095                                              
Orange flavor, liquid  0.132                                              
Vitamin C              0.075                                              
Gum Arabic, spray dried                                                   
                       0.977                                              
Pectin, high methoxyl  0.310                                              
Water                  86.424                                             
                       100.000                                            
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 10 Apple Cherry Juice Drink with Fiber 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients              PBW                                              
______________________________________                                    
Apple Juice Conc., 70° Brix                                        
                         1.206                                            
Cherry Juice Conc., Montmorency, 59° Brix                          
                         0.390                                            
Sugar                    10.112                                           
Citric Acid              0.132                                            
Sodium citrate           0.095                                            
Cherry flavor, liquid    0.230                                            
Vitamin C                0.075                                            
Gum Arabic, spray dried  0.977                                            
Pectin, high methoxyl    0.310                                            
Water                    86.473                                           
                         100.000                                          
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 11 Tomato Vegetable Juice with Fiber 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients            PBW                                                
______________________________________                                    
Tomato paste (hot break 31% NTSS)                                         
                       16.215                                             
Vegetable Juice Blend* 6.900                                              
Salt                   0.276                                              
Vitamin C              0.067                                              
Citric Acid            0.063                                              
Pectin, apple, high methoxyl                                              
                       0.338                                              
Acacia (gum arabic), spray dried                                          
                       1.066                                              
Water                  75.075                                             
                       100.000                                            
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 12 Tomato Vegetable Juice with Fiber 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients            PBW                                                
______________________________________                                    
Tomato paste (hot break 31% NTSS)                                         
                       16.215                                             
Vegetable Juice Blend* 6.642                                              
Salt                   0.276                                              
Vitamin C              0.067                                              
Citric Acid            0.063                                              
Pectin, apple, high methoxyl                                              
                       0.338                                              
Acacia (gum arabic), spray dried                                          
                       1.066                                              
Water                  75.333                                             
                       100.000                                            
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 13
Single-strength apple juice and single-strength apple cherry juice were compounded with different levels of gum arabic and pectin combinations in accordance with the invention, for sensory testing purposes. Uncompounded juices were employed as controls for the test. Formulation 12-1 was single-strength apple juice with no added dietary fiber; formulation 12-2 was single-strength apple juice combining 1.049 weight percent gum arabic and 0.333 weight percent high methoxyl pectin; formulation 12-3 was single-strength apple juice containing 4.0 weight percent gum arabic and 0.2 weight percent high methoxyl pectin; formulation 12-4 was single-strength apple juice containing 1.0 weight percent gum arabic and 1.2 weight percent pectin; formulation 12-5 was single-strength apple cherry juice containing no dietary fiber; and formulation 12-6 was single-strength apple cherry juice containing 1.049 weight percent gum arabic and 0.333 weight percent high methoxyl pectin. Viscosities were measured of each of the six formulations, using a Brookfield Model RVT viscometer at 100 rpm. All viscosities were measured at 22.8° C. The viscosity results are as follows:
______________________________________                                    
        Fiber   Content                 Viscosity                         
Formu-  Gum     Pectin,     PBW         cps @                             
lation  Arabic  High Methoxyl                                             
                            Total TDF*  22.8° C.                   
______________________________________                                    
12-1    0.00    0.000       0.00  0.0   13.0                              
12-2    1.049   0.333       1.382 3.1   27.25                             
12-3    4.0     0.2         4.2   9.5   26.50                             
12-4    1.0     1.2         2.2   5.0   138.0                             
12-5    0.00    0.00        0.000 0.0   13.75                             
12-6    1.049   0.333       1.382 3.1   24.50                             
______________________________________                                    
 *Total dietary fiber, g/8 fluid ounces
The juices, and samples of noninvention blends as described in Example 14, were evaluated by a taste panel trained in Quantitative Descriptive Analysis®. The panel concentrated on the characteristics of flavor and mouthfeel/texture during the language development and data collection phases of the evaluation. Language development consisted of four one hour panel sessions.
During the data collection phase, the product blends were presented in a balanced order with four replications by each panelist. Each panelist rated the product attributes on a six inch line scale divided into 60 equal intervals with the magnitude of the attribute increasing from left to right.
Attributes for flavor consisted of overall flavor, apple, cider, fruity (nonapple), citrus, sweet, tart, musty, artificial fruit, clove, metallic and bitter flavors. Attributes for mouthfeel/texture consisted of amount and size of particles, thickness and mouth coating of the beverage.
The results indicate that, with respect to the major attributes relating to the claims of the invention, such as thickness, graininess and tartness, blends of this invention were found to have less of the undesirable attributes.
With respect to tartness, on a scale of weak to strong, the intensity of tart, sour flavor was reduced from that of unmodified juices.
With respect to size of particles/graininess, on a scale of small to large, the beverages of this invention were judged to not be either grainy or tapioca-like, i.e., they have a smooth mouthfeel.
Thickness was also judged to be low when compared with blends of other dietary fiber sources, as in Example 14.
EXAMPLE 14
Various commercially available dietary fiber sources, including carboxymethyl cellulose, Citrocel®, Metamucil®, guar gum, xanthan gum and psyllium mucilloid were compounded according to label instructions into the same apple base. All mixtures were made in single strength apple juice. Viscosity measurements were made immediately after mixing of the compounded products and after 30 minutes standing at room temperature, using Brookfield Model RVT viscometer at 100 rpm, utilizing a 500 ml sample in a 600 ml beaker. The results were as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
FIBER               VISCOSITY                                             
        Concentration                                                     
                TDF*                                                      
                    cps/°C.                                        
Source  wt %    g/8 oz.                                                   
                    t = 0 min.                                            
                          t = 30 min.                                     
                                COMMENTS                                  
__________________________________________________________________________
Carboxymethyl                                                             
        1.38    3   1010/20.6                                             
                          1810/21.1                                       
                                Very thick; short and stringy             
cellulose                       consistency.                              
Citrocel*                                                                 
        2.29    2   59.5/21.1                                             
                          98/22.2                                         
                                Short, stringy consistency like           
                                wallpaper paste.                          
Citrocel                                                                  
        3.44    3   298/20.6                                              
                          344/22.2                                        
                                Thick, stringy consistency.               
Metamucil*                                                                
        1.54    2.7 12/21.1                                               
                          33/21.1                                         
                                Gritty, flocculent and dark specks.       
Metamucil                                                                 
        1.71    3   19/21.1                                               
                          34.5/21.1                                       
                                Gritty, flocculent and dark specks.       
Guar gum                                                                  
        1.38    3   322/22.8                                              
                          1820/22.8                                       
                                Very thick, earthy odor and flavor.       
Xanthum gum                                                               
        1.38    3   1420/22.2                                             
                          1550/22.2                                       
                                Thick; short, stringy consistency.        
Psyllium                                                                  
        1.56    3   24.5/22.2                                             
                          126/22.2                                        
                                Dark specks, flocculent.                  
mucilloid                                                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
 *Formulated according to label instructions.
These data illustrate the drawbacks of the formulations of this example, all noninvention blends, as composed with formulations 12-2, 12-3, 12-4 and 12-6, all of which are blends of this invention, of preceding Example 13. When mixtures were made with these sources at levels providing dietary fiber levels comparable to those of this invention, the resultant blend displayed high viscosity, gelatinous/stringy consistency, grainy/gritty texture, specks, and/or flocculation.
For example, the Metamucil-containing formulations of this example demonstrate a viscosity which would otherwise appear acceptable, but the blend is grainy/gritty with flocculation and dark specks.

Claims (28)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows.
1. A beverage comprising a liquid carrier, and a soluble dietary fiber supplement consisting essentially of gum arabic and a pectin having a degree of esterification of at least 50%, wherein the amount of gum arabic is in the range from 1 to 4 weight percent and the amount of pectin is in the range from 0.2 to 1.2 weight percent, said weight percents being based on total weight of beverage, and wherein the amount of fiber supplement is sufficient to provide a fiber level of at least 2 grams per 8 fluid ounce beverage.
2. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 wherein said pectin has a degree of esterification of at least 70%.
3. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 having a fiber content of at least 3 grams per 8 fluid ounce beverage.
4. A beverage in accordance with claim 3 having a fiber content of at least 3 to 10 grams per 8 fluid ounce beverage.
5. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amount of gum arabic is in the range from 1.0 to 3.0 weight percent and the amount of pectin is in the range from 0.25 to 0.75 weight percent.
6. A beverage in accordance with claim 5 wherein the amount of gum arabic is in the range from 1.0 to 1.9 weight percent and the amount of pectin is in the range from 0.3 to 0.5 weight percent.
7. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid carrier comprises apple juice.
8. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid carrier comprises orange juice.
9. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid carrier comprises a mixture of apple and cherry juices.
10. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid carrier comprises tomato juice.
11. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid carrier comprises water and said beverage contains from 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of at least one natural or artificial fruit-flavoring.
12. A beverage in accordance with claim 11 having a fiber content of at least 3 grams per 8 fluid ounce beverage.
13. A beverage in accordance with claim 12 having a fiber content of at least 3 to 10 grams per 8 fluid ounce beverage.
14. A beverage in accordance with claim 11 wherein the amount of gum arabic is in the range from 1.0 to 3.0 weight percent and the amount of pectin is in the range from 0.25 to 0.75 weight percent.
15. A beverage in accordance with claim 14 wherein the amount of gum arabic is in the range from 1.0 to 1.9 weight percent and the amount of pectin is in the range from 0.3 to 0.5 weight percent.
16. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 wherein said carrier liquid comprises water and said beverage contains a flavor component selected from the group consisting of fruit juice, fruit juice concentrate, vegetable juice, or vegetable juice concentrate, and mixtures thereof.
17. A beverage in accordance with claim 16 wherein said pectin has a degree of esterification of at least 70%.
18. A beverage in accordance with claim 16 wherein the amount of flavor component is sufficient to provide the equivalent of 5 to 65 weight percent full strength juice.
19. A beverage in accordance with claim 18 wherein said beverage contains from 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of at least one natural or artificial fruit or vegetable flavoring.
20. A beverage in accordance with claim 18 having a fiber content of at least 3 grams per 8 fluid ounce beverage.
21. A beverage in accordance with claim 20 having a fiber content in the range from 3 to 10 grams per 8 fluid ounce serving.
22. A beverage in accordance with claim 16 wherein the amount of gum arabic is in the range from 1.0 to 3.0 weight percent and the amount of pectin is in the range from 0.25 to 0.75 weight percent.
23. A beverage in accordance with claim 16 wherein the amount of gum arabic is in the range from 1.0 to 1.9 weight percent and the amount of pectin is in the range from 0.3 to 0.5 weight percent.
24. A beverage in accordance with claim 16 wherein said beverage comprises an orange juice drink.
25. A beverage in accordance with claim 16 wherein said beverage comprises an apple cherry juice drink.
26. A beverage in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid carrier comprises at least one fruit juice, at least one fruit juice concentrate, at least one vegetable juice or at least one vegetable juice concentrate.
27. A beverage in accordance with claim 26 wherein said liquid carrier comprises at least one fruit juice or at least one fruit juice concentrate.
28. A beverage in accordance with claim 26 wherein said liquid carrier comprises at least one vegetable juice or at least one vegetable juice concentrate.
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US5275834A (en) * 1988-09-05 1994-01-04 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique Plant-wall-rich product with enhanced water-soluble polysaccharide fraction, method of making same
US5108774A (en) * 1990-07-12 1992-04-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Fruit juice plus citrus fiber
US5292545A (en) * 1990-07-26 1994-03-08 The Quaker Oats Company Stable gum system for very low calorie table syrup applications
US5520948A (en) * 1990-11-01 1996-05-28 Sandoz Ltd. High acid system nutritional formulations
US5162128A (en) * 1990-11-06 1992-11-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Fruit juice plus citrus fiber from pulp
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