US5288486A - Alcohol-based antimicrobial compositions - Google Patents

Alcohol-based antimicrobial compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US5288486A
US5288486A US07/676,412 US67641291A US5288486A US 5288486 A US5288486 A US 5288486A US 67641291 A US67641291 A US 67641291A US 5288486 A US5288486 A US 5288486A
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alcohol
klucel
skin
ipa
hydroxypropyl cellulose
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US07/676,412
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John H. White
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ECC SPECIALTY CHEMICALS Inc
American Sterilizer Co
Merck and Co Inc
Calgon Corp
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Calgon Corp
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Assigned to CALGON CORPORATION reassignment CALGON CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ECC SPECIALTY CHEMICALS, INC.
Assigned to CALGON VESTAL LABORATORIES, INC. reassignment CALGON VESTAL LABORATORIES, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CALGON CORPORATION, CALGON VESTAL LABORATORIES, INC.
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Assigned to STERIS INC. reassignment STERIS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CALGON VESTAL, INC.
Assigned to AMERICAN STERILIZER COMPANY reassignment AMERICAN STERILIZER COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STERIS INC.
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • Alcohol-based skin disinfectants because of their high vapor pressure, evaporate quickly. Thus, when they are applied to skin, alcohol concentration and contact time with bacteria and other microorganisms are minimized due to evaporative loss.
  • the inventor has discovered a method of decreasing evaporation of alcohol skin disinfectants comprising adding alcohol-soluble viscosifying agents to these disinfectants, thereby increasing the exposure time and alcohol concentration of the disinfectant on the skin.
  • Alcohol solutions containing 30-90%, by weight, alcohol are often used by healthcare personnel to disinfect hands and for localized skin disinfection at the site of an invasive medical procedure. These alcohol compositions are very drying to the skin, evaporate quickly, and are easily spilled due to their watery nature. These shortcomings are overcome by the instantly claimed method and compositions.
  • the instant invention is directed to a method for enhancing the efficacy of alcohol-based skin disinfectants or antiseptics comprising adding about 0.1 to about 10 percent, based on total formulation weight, of at least one alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent to said alcohol-based disinfectant or antiseptic, thereby retarding evaportion of said alcohol-based disinfectant or antiseptic and increasing its contact time with the skin being treated and its antimicrobial effectiveness.
  • the instant invention is also directed to improved alcohol-based skin disinfectants or antiseptics which comprise 30-90%, based on total formulation weight, of an alcohol, 0.1 to 10%, by weight, based on total formulation weight, an alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent and the balance water.
  • the present invention employs a viscosifying agent to retard alcohol evaporation, thereby allowing more efficient use of alcohols as skin disinfectants or antiseptics.
  • viscosifying agent refers to any chemical compound which tends to thicken an alcohol/water composition, thereby lessening the evaporation rate of the alcohol. Any alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent can be used. Preferred viscosifying agents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers, polyvinyl pyrrlidones, and polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide.
  • these preferred viscosifying agents are polymers with molecular weights sufficient to produce composition viscosities of at least 40 centipoise, when added to alcohol-based antimicrobial compositions at recommended dosages. More preferably, the viscosifiers produce viscosities of about 50 to about 500 cps in the final compositions.
  • the alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent should be added to an alcohol composition at a dosage of from about 0.1 to about 10%, based on total formulation weight.
  • the viscosifying agent should be added at a dosage of from about 0.1 to 5%, based on total formulation weight, and most preferably, the dosage should be 0.5 to 2.0%, based on total formulation weight.
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers Most preferred as viscosifying agents are hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers.
  • Klucel HF and Klucel EF which are hydroxypropyl cellulose ethers having molecular weights of about 1,000,000 and 60,000, respectively. These products are commercially available from Hercules, Incorporated. Hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers substantially reduce evaporation loss, thereby improving antibacterial efficacy.
  • Alcohol-based skin disinfectants and antiseptics are well-known in the art.
  • the terms "disinfectant” and "antiseptic” refer to those mixtures which are applied to skin for the purpose of killing bacteria and microorganisms on the skin. Such mixtures may be used as surgical scrub hand washes, patient pre-operative preparations, and as general healthcare hand washes. Other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of this invention.
  • n-propyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol.
  • n-propyl alcohol is better than isopropyl alcohol, which in turn is better than ethyl alcohol.
  • the instant disinfectant compositions comprise: 30-90%, based on total formulation weight, an alcohol; 0.1-10%, based on total formulation weight, an alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent; and the balance water.
  • the alcohol concentration based on total formulation weight, is 50-70%, and most preferably, 55-65%.
  • these compositions may contain fragrances, coloring agents, detackifiers such as cetyl lactate and additional antimicrobials without departing from the spirit of this invention.
  • the following examples demonstrate the retardation of alcohol evaporation using viscosifying agents. Additionally, these examples demonstrate the antimicrobial efficacy of evaporation-stabilized, alcohol-based disinfectant/antiseptic compositions using pig skins as test substrates.
  • Mature adult pig hides from freshly killed pigs were obtained from a slaughterhouse. The hides were washed using cold water and dehaired using a large animal clipper. After dehairing, the hides were cut into smaller sections with a scalpel, rinsed in cold water, placed in plastic bags, sealed and frozen.
  • each pigskin was tested for the presence of residual antibiotics.
  • the method used was to randomly cut plugs, using a #7 cork borer, from the hide being tested and place them skin side down onto individual agar plates seeded with the test organisms. If a zone of inhibition surrounding the plug developed, the skin contained residual antibiotics and was not used.
  • a section of pig skin was thawed, destubbled using a disposable razor, and defatted using a scalpel.
  • the skin section was then rinsed in cold tap water and cut into 3 cm ⁇ 3 cm pieces using a scalpel.
  • the 3 cm ⁇ 3 cm pieces were glued onto individual mounting holders (plastic caps approximately 4 to 5 cm in diameter or other suitable holders) with epoxy adhesive such that the skin surface was exposed.
  • Two pieces of mounted skin were used for each sample tested.
  • the mounted skins were placed into 100 ⁇ 20 mm petri dishes which contained a 7.0 cm filter paper disc moistened with approximately 1 ml of water to prevent drying.
  • the prepared skins were placed in a refrigerator overnight.
  • Suspensions of the various organisms were made by overlaying an overnight agar slant culture with 10 mls of Butterfield Buffer and gently rubbing the agar surface with a sterile pipet. These suspensions were mixed together to give a mixed inoculum of approximately 10 9 microorganisms per ml. This mixed inoculum was further diluted to give either 10 7 or 10 5 organisms per ml depending upon the test conditions desired.
  • One of two pieces of skin was inoculated with 0.1 ml of the diluted inoculum. The two pieces of skin were then rubbed together for 15 seconds and incubated at 30° C. for either 15 minutes or up to 2 hours depending on test conditions desired.
  • Imprints were made by inverting the mounting holder anct pressing the treated skin onto the agar surface. Imprints were made after 3, 10 and 30 minutes and 1 hour. The plates were graded to indicate the extent of organism growth in the imprint. All of the samples were coded and graded blind to eliminate operator bias.
  • test solution was added near the center of two thicknesses of 12.5 cm filter paper in a large 150 mm petri dish.
  • the dish was placed on a top loading balance sensitive to 0.01 g which was shielded on three sides and top against drafts and, as extra precaution, the air conditioner was turned off during the test period.
  • Weight readings were made each 30 seconds over a six-minute period demonstrating uniformity of loss over this period. Values reported are the average loss/minute over six minutes in mg/min. Each value reported represents a separate observation series.

Abstract

The instant invention is directed to a process for enhancing the efficacy of alcohol-based skin antiseptics comprising adding at least one alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent to an alcohol-based disinfectant, thereby lowering its alcohol evaporation rate and markedly increasing the exposure time that disinfecting concentrations of alcohol are present on skin. The improved alcohol-based antiseptics thus obtained are also claimed.

Description

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 007,159 filed Jan. 26, 1987, abandoned, which is a continuation of the parent case, Ser. No. 791,668 filed Oct. 28, 1985 abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Alcohol-based skin disinfectants, because of their high vapor pressure, evaporate quickly. Thus, when they are applied to skin, alcohol concentration and contact time with bacteria and other microorganisms are minimized due to evaporative loss. The inventor has discovered a method of decreasing evaporation of alcohol skin disinfectants comprising adding alcohol-soluble viscosifying agents to these disinfectants, thereby increasing the exposure time and alcohol concentration of the disinfectant on the skin.
Alcohol solutions containing 30-90%, by weight, alcohol are often used by healthcare personnel to disinfect hands and for localized skin disinfection at the site of an invasive medical procedure. These alcohol compositions are very drying to the skin, evaporate quickly, and are easily spilled due to their watery nature. These shortcomings are overcome by the instantly claimed method and compositions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The instant invention is directed to a method for enhancing the efficacy of alcohol-based skin disinfectants or antiseptics comprising adding about 0.1 to about 10 percent, based on total formulation weight, of at least one alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent to said alcohol-based disinfectant or antiseptic, thereby retarding evaportion of said alcohol-based disinfectant or antiseptic and increasing its contact time with the skin being treated and its antimicrobial effectiveness.
The instant invention is also directed to improved alcohol-based skin disinfectants or antiseptics which comprise 30-90%, based on total formulation weight, of an alcohol, 0.1 to 10%, by weight, based on total formulation weight, an alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent and the balance water.
The present invention employs a viscosifying agent to retard alcohol evaporation, thereby allowing more efficient use of alcohols as skin disinfectants or antiseptics.
The phrase "viscosifying agent", as used herein, refers to any chemical compound which tends to thicken an alcohol/water composition, thereby lessening the evaporation rate of the alcohol. Any alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent can be used. Preferred viscosifying agents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers, polyvinyl pyrrlidones, and polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide. While the molecular weight of the viscosifying agent is not critical, these preferred viscosifying agents are polymers with molecular weights sufficient to produce composition viscosities of at least 40 centipoise, when added to alcohol-based antimicrobial compositions at recommended dosages. More preferably, the viscosifiers produce viscosities of about 50 to about 500 cps in the final compositions.
The alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent should be added to an alcohol composition at a dosage of from about 0.1 to about 10%, based on total formulation weight. Preferably, the viscosifying agent should be added at a dosage of from about 0.1 to 5%, based on total formulation weight, and most preferably, the dosage should be 0.5 to 2.0%, based on total formulation weight.
Most preferred as viscosifying agents are hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers. For example, there may be mentioned Klucel HF and Klucel EF, which are hydroxypropyl cellulose ethers having molecular weights of about 1,000,000 and 60,000, respectively. These products are commercially available from Hercules, Incorporated. Hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers substantially reduce evaporation loss, thereby improving antibacterial efficacy.
Alcohol-based skin disinfectants and antiseptics are well-known in the art. As used herein, the terms "disinfectant" and "antiseptic" refer to those mixtures which are applied to skin for the purpose of killing bacteria and microorganisms on the skin. Such mixtures may be used as surgical scrub hand washes, patient pre-operative preparations, and as general healthcare hand washes. Other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of this invention.
While any water-soluble alcohol can, in theory, be used, the preferred alcohols for use in the alcohol-based compositions of this invention are selected from the group consisting of n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol. From an antimicrobial standpoint, n-propyl alcohol is better than isopropyl alcohol, which in turn is better than ethyl alcohol.
The instant disinfectant compositions comprise: 30-90%, based on total formulation weight, an alcohol; 0.1-10%, based on total formulation weight, an alcohol-soluble viscosifying agent; and the balance water. Preferably, the alcohol concentration, based on total formulation weight, is 50-70%, and most preferably, 55-65%. Additionally, these compositions may contain fragrances, coloring agents, detackifiers such as cetyl lactate and additional antimicrobials without departing from the spirit of this invention.
As examples of preferred compositions, the following may be listed. These examples are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Formulation 1:
30-75 g n-propyl alcohol;
0.25-5.0 g hydroxypropyl cellulose;
color and fragrance as desired;
10-60 g deionized or distilled water.
Formulation 2:
30-75 g isopropyl alcohol;
0.25-5.0 g hydroxypropyl cellulose;
color and fragrance as desired;
10-60 ml deionized or distilled water.
Formulation 3:
40-80 g 95% ethyl alcohol;
0.25-5.0 g hydroxypropyl cellulose;
color and fragrance as desired;
5-50 ml deionized or distilledwater.
Formulation 4:
30-75 g 2-isopropyl alcohol;
0.25-5.0 g hydroxypropyl cellulose;
0.5-2.0 g polymer of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (Merquat 100, used as an emollient, available from Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.);
0.1-0.2% para-chloro-meta-xylenol*;
color and fragrance as desired;
10-60 ml deionized or distilled water.
Formulation 5:
30-75 g isopropyl alcohol;
0.25-5.0 g hydroxypropyl cellulose;
0.5-2.0 g octyl palmitate (emollient);
0.25-0.5 g polymer of dimethyldiallyl. ammonium chloride;
0.1-0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate*;
color and fragrance as desired;
10-60 ml deionized or distilled water.
Formulation 6:
30-75 g isopropyl alcohol;
0.25-5.0 g hydroxypropyl cellulose;
0.5-2.0 g cetyl lactate;
0.25-0.5 g polymer of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride;
color and fragrance as desired;
10-60 ml deionized or distilled water.
*para-chloro-meta-xylenol and chlorhexidine gluconate leave a residual antimicrobial agent on the skin after the alcohol has evaporated.
Examples 1-28
The following examples demonstrate the retardation of alcohol evaporation using viscosifying agents. Additionally, these examples demonstrate the antimicrobial efficacy of evaporation-stabilized, alcohol-based disinfectant/antiseptic compositions using pig skins as test substrates.
Preparation of Pig Skin:
Mature adult pig hides from freshly killed pigs were obtained from a slaughterhouse. The hides were washed using cold water and dehaired using a large animal clipper. After dehairing, the hides were cut into smaller sections with a scalpel, rinsed in cold water, placed in plastic bags, sealed and frozen.
Prior to use, each pigskin was tested for the presence of residual antibiotics. The method used was to randomly cut plugs, using a #7 cork borer, from the hide being tested and place them skin side down onto individual agar plates seeded with the test organisms. If a zone of inhibition surrounding the plug developed, the skin contained residual antibiotics and was not used.
Before use in a test, a section of pig skin was thawed, destubbled using a disposable razor, and defatted using a scalpel. The skin section was then rinsed in cold tap water and cut into 3 cm×3 cm pieces using a scalpel. The 3 cm×3 cm pieces were glued onto individual mounting holders (plastic caps approximately 4 to 5 cm in diameter or other suitable holders) with epoxy adhesive such that the skin surface was exposed. Two pieces of mounted skin were used for each sample tested. The mounted skins were placed into 100×20 mm petri dishes which contained a 7.0 cm filter paper disc moistened with approximately 1 ml of water to prevent drying. The prepared skins were placed in a refrigerator overnight.
Test Conditions:
The specific conditions used for the pig skin tests were as follows:
less than or equal to 107 organisms per cc mixed inoculum consisting of Serratia marcescens (ATCC 990), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Canaida albicans (ATCC 10231);
less than or equal to 2 hour incubation time between inoculation and treatment;
0.1 ml test sample;
15 second treatment (rubbing); and
3 minute air dry before imprinting.
Application of Test Organisms:
Suspensions of the various organisms were made by overlaying an overnight agar slant culture with 10 mls of Butterfield Buffer and gently rubbing the agar surface with a sterile pipet. These suspensions were mixed together to give a mixed inoculum of approximately 109 microorganisms per ml. This mixed inoculum was further diluted to give either 107 or 105 organisms per ml depending upon the test conditions desired. One of two pieces of skin was inoculated with 0.1 ml of the diluted inoculum. The two pieces of skin were then rubbed together for 15 seconds and incubated at 30° C. for either 15 minutes or up to 2 hours depending on test conditions desired.
Application of Alcoholic Preparations:
Three alcohols, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol, were tested. One of two pieces of inoculated skin was treated with 0.1 ml of the desired alcohol preparation. The two pieces of skin were then rubbed together for 15 seconds and allowed to air dry for 3 minutes to simulate normal evaporation before imprinting the skin samples onto the surface of a neutralizing growth media (Standard Methods Agar with Lecithin and Polysorbate 80 from BBL).
Imprints were made by inverting the mounting holder anct pressing the treated skin onto the agar surface. Imprints were made after 3, 10 and 30 minutes and 1 hour. The plates were graded to indicate the extent of organism growth in the imprint. All of the samples were coded and graded blind to eliminate operator bias.
Ratings of 0 to 10 were given to denote coverage; i.e. 0=no visible growth, 1=10% of the imprint surface covered, 5=50% of the imprint surface covered, etc.
Evaporation Rate Determination:
A measured volume of test solution was added near the center of two thicknesses of 12.5 cm filter paper in a large 150 mm petri dish. The dish was placed on a top loading balance sensitive to 0.01 g which was shielded on three sides and top against drafts and, as extra precaution, the air conditioner was turned off during the test period.
Weight readings were made each 30 seconds over a six-minute period demonstrating uniformity of loss over this period. Values reported are the average loss/minute over six minutes in mg/min. Each value reported represents a separate observation series.
Results are shown in Table I, below.
                                  TABLE I                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
Evaporation Rate-Pigskin Imprint Biological Comparison                    
                       Average                                            
Alcohol Viscosifier    Evaporation                                        
                               Coverage Rating**                          
Example                                                                   
     4 ml Sample       Loss mg/min                                        
                               Imprint                                    
                                    Imprint                               
                                         Imprint                          
                                              Imprint                     
No.  (% b/v) (% w/w)   Run 1                                              
                           Run 2                                          
                               2 min.                                     
                                    10 min.                               
                                         30 min.                          
                                              1 hour                      
__________________________________________________________________________
 1   40% IPA 0%  Klucel                                                   
                       6.67                                               
                           7.80                                           
 2   40% IPA 0.25%                                                        
                 Klucel                                                   
                       4.17                                               
                           4.17                                           
 3   40% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       2.67                                               
                           3.00                                           
 4   60% IPA 0%  Klucel                                                   
                       7.5*                                               
                           5.67*                                          
                               10   10   10   10                          
 5   60% IPA 0.25%                                                        
                 Klucel                                                   
                       3.50                                               
                           3.00                                           
                               10   9.5  10   9.5                         
 6   60% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       3.16                                               
                           2.83                                           
                               9.5  10   9.5  9                           
 7   60% IPA 1.0 Klucel                                                   
                       2.0 1.67                                           
                               3    4    4    4                           
 8   60% IPA 3.0%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       --  --  3    3    3    3                           
 9   80% IPA 0%  Klucel                                                   
                       8.33*                                              
                           4.33*                                          
                               1.5  2    2    2                           
                       7.50                                               
                           7.17                                           
10   80% IPA 0.25%                                                        
                 Klucel                                                   
                       4.00                                               
                           3.33                                           
11   80% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       3.00                                               
                           4.16                                           
12   80% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       --  --  1    1.5  1.5  1                           
13   60% n-Propanol                                                       
             0.0%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       --  --  --   5    5    5                           
14   60% n-Propanol                                                       
             0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       --  --  --   2    2    2                           
15   60% n-Propanol                                                       
             0.75%                                                        
                 Klucel                                                   
                       --  --  --        2    2                           
16   60% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel and                                               
                       --  --  --   6.5  5.5  5.0                         
             0.2%                                                         
                 UCAR                                                     
17   60% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel and                                               
                       --  --  --   3.0  3.5  3.5                         
             0.5%                                                         
                 UCAR                                                     
18   60% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel and                                               
                       --  --  --   2.5  2.5  2.5                         
             0.5%                                                         
                 UCAR                                                     
19   40% IPA 0%  Klucel                                                   
                       --  --  10   10   10   10                          
20   40% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       --  --  8    8.5  8.5  8                           
21   40% IPA 1.0%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       --  --  9.5  9.5  9.5  9.5                         
22   40% IPA 2.0%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       --  --  8    8    7.5  7.5                         
23   60% Ethanol                                                          
             0%  Klucel                                                   
                       5.67                                               
                           8.17                                           
                               7.5  7    6    5                           
24   60% Ethanol                                                          
             0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       1.67                                               
                           2.5 6    6    5    4                           
                       1.33                                               
                            --                                            
Use 2 ml Sample:                                                          
25   60 % IPA                                                             
             0%  Klucel                                                   
                       4.83                                               
                           6.67                                           
26   60% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       2.17                                               
                           2.00                                           
Use 6 ml Sample:                                                          
27   60% IPA 0%  Klucel                                                   
                       8.83                                               
                           8.67                                           
28   60% IPA 0.5%                                                         
                 Klucel                                                   
                       3.83                                               
                           3.67                                           
__________________________________________________________________________
 *Average of two tests.                                                   
 **Coverage Rating: 0 = No growth 10 = 100% coverage 5 = 50% coverage.    
 Klucel = Klucel HF (hydroxypropyl cellulose), unless otherwise indicated 
 as Klucel EF, available from Hercules, Inc.                              
 UCAR = Ucare Polymer JR400 (quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl     
 cellulose reacted with trimethylammonium substituted epoxides), available
 from Union Carbide Corporation.                                          
 These examples demonstrate evaporation retardation and the improved      
 antibacterial activity of the instant invention.

Claims (2)

What is claimed is:
1. A method for enhancing the efficacy of an alcohol-based skin disinfectant containing about 30 to 90 percent, based on total composition weight, of at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol comprising adding about 0.25 to about 5 percent, based on total composition weight, of at least one alcohol-soluble hydroxypropyl cellulose polymer viscosifying agent to said alcohol-based skin disinfectant, thereby increasing its antimicrobial effectiveness against Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Candida albicans.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said alcohol-based skin disinfectant contains isopropyl alcohol, and wherein about 0.5 to about 2% of said alcohol-soluble hydroxypropyl cellulose polymer viscosifying agent is added.
US07/676,412 1985-10-28 1991-03-29 Alcohol-based antimicrobial compositions Expired - Lifetime US5288486A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/676,412 US5288486A (en) 1985-10-28 1991-03-29 Alcohol-based antimicrobial compositions

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79166885A 1985-10-28 1985-10-28
US715987A 1987-01-26 1987-01-26
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US5635462A (en) * 1994-07-08 1997-06-03 Gojo Industries, Inc. Antimicrobial cleansing compositions
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US5972358A (en) * 1998-01-20 1999-10-26 Ethicon, Inc. Low tack lotion, gels and creams
US5981605A (en) * 1994-03-21 1999-11-09 John Brown Thomsen Gel for treatment of skin diseases and for disinfection of the skin
US5997893A (en) * 1998-01-20 1999-12-07 Ethicon, Inc. Alcohol based anti-microbial compositions with cosmetic appearance
US6022551A (en) * 1998-01-20 2000-02-08 Ethicon, Inc. Antimicrobial composition
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US6146651A (en) * 1995-04-24 2000-11-14 Novapharm Research (Australia) Pty Limited Non-woven fabric treated with a biocidal composition and a method of impregnating fabric to prevent rot
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US6183766B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-02-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Skin sanitizing compositions
US6228385B1 (en) 1999-03-15 2001-05-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. Liquid antimicrobial, skin moisturizing formulation
US6248343B1 (en) 1998-01-20 2001-06-19 Ethicon, Inc. Therapeutic antimicrobial compositions
US6355583B1 (en) 1998-05-30 2002-03-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multi-functional sorbent material
US6417154B1 (en) 1998-05-30 2002-07-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Sorbent material
US6423329B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2002-07-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Skin sanitizing compositions
US6451748B1 (en) 1999-06-23 2002-09-17 The Dial Corporation Compositions containing a high percent saturation concentration of antibacterial agent
US20030125224A1 (en) * 1999-06-23 2003-07-03 Seitz Earl P. Compositions having enhanced deposition of a topically active compound on a surface
US20030211066A1 (en) * 1995-06-22 2003-11-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Stable hydroalcoholic compositions
US20030215418A1 (en) * 1997-01-09 2003-11-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Hydroalcoholic compositions thickened using polymers
US6730294B1 (en) 1995-04-24 2004-05-04 Novapharm Research (Australia) Pty Limited Method of forming a water soluble biocidal film on a solid surface
US20060039942A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-02-23 Greten Zachariah C Enhanced activity alcohol-based antimicrobial compositions
US20060074029A1 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-06 Scott Leece Topical antimicrobial composition having improved moisturization properties
US20060078484A1 (en) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-13 Greep Darcy W Wearable hand sanitation devices
US20060121071A1 (en) * 1995-06-22 2006-06-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Stable hydroalcoholic compositions
US7112559B1 (en) 2005-03-14 2006-09-26 Ecolab Inc. Thickened quaternary ammonium compound sanitizer
US20060263396A1 (en) * 1995-06-22 2006-11-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Stable hydroalcoholic compositions
US20090130157A1 (en) * 2005-12-14 2009-05-21 Ylitalo Caroline M Antimicrobial Adhesive Films
US20090155451A1 (en) * 2005-12-14 2009-06-18 Ylitalo Caroline M Antimicrobial coating system
US20090226497A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Alcohol Antimicrobial Skin Sanitizing Compositions Including Cationic Compatible Thickeners
US7651990B2 (en) 2005-06-13 2010-01-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Foamable alcohol compositions comprising alcohol and a silicone surfactant, systems and methods of use
US7683018B2 (en) 2003-09-29 2010-03-23 Deb Worldwide Healthcare Inc. High alcohol content gel-like and foaming compositions comprising an anionic phosphate fluorosurfactant
WO2010063988A1 (en) * 2008-12-03 2010-06-10 Reckitt & Colman (Overseas) Limited Germicidal topical compositions
US20100240799A1 (en) * 2007-06-13 2010-09-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Antimicrobial film-forming composition, antimicrobial film, and method of verifying the presence of an antimicrobial film
WO2010126670A2 (en) 2009-03-27 2010-11-04 Gojo Industries, Inc. Compositions and methods for screening and using compounds antagonizing spore-surface interactions
US20110104079A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2011-05-05 Marcia Snyder Foamable alcoholic composition
US20110175509A1 (en) * 2010-01-18 2011-07-21 Remis Gesellschaft Fuer Entwicklung Und Vertrieb Technischer Elemente Mbh Refrigerated cabinet with door assembly
US20110229544A1 (en) * 2008-11-26 2011-09-22 Viroblock S.A. Methods for Inhibiting Gram-Postive Bacteria Using Non-Phospholipid Lipid Vesicules
US8124115B2 (en) 2004-12-21 2012-02-28 Dep Ip Limited Alcoholic pump foam
US8263098B2 (en) 2005-03-07 2012-09-11 Deb Worldwide Healthcare Inc. High alcohol content foaming compositions with silicone-based surfactants
US20140272021A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Multisorb Technologies, Inc. Ethyl alcohol emitting package for baked goods
US9497962B1 (en) * 2013-12-24 2016-11-22 S.Ltech Llc Hydroalcoholic foaming sanitizer
US10426747B2 (en) * 2013-05-01 2019-10-01 Lanny Leo Johnson Antimicrobials and methods of use thereof
WO2022223589A3 (en) * 2021-04-21 2022-12-29 Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. Antimicrobial composition

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US5981605A (en) * 1994-03-21 1999-11-09 John Brown Thomsen Gel for treatment of skin diseases and for disinfection of the skin
US6342537B1 (en) 1994-03-21 2002-01-29 John Brown Thomsen Gel for treatment of skin diseases and for disinfection of the skin
US5635462A (en) * 1994-07-08 1997-06-03 Gojo Industries, Inc. Antimicrobial cleansing compositions
US6146651A (en) * 1995-04-24 2000-11-14 Novapharm Research (Australia) Pty Limited Non-woven fabric treated with a biocidal composition and a method of impregnating fabric to prevent rot
US6730294B1 (en) 1995-04-24 2004-05-04 Novapharm Research (Australia) Pty Limited Method of forming a water soluble biocidal film on a solid surface
US20030211066A1 (en) * 1995-06-22 2003-11-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Stable hydroalcoholic compositions
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US5997893A (en) * 1998-01-20 1999-12-07 Ethicon, Inc. Alcohol based anti-microbial compositions with cosmetic appearance
US6248343B1 (en) 1998-01-20 2001-06-19 Ethicon, Inc. Therapeutic antimicrobial compositions
US5972358A (en) * 1998-01-20 1999-10-26 Ethicon, Inc. Low tack lotion, gels and creams
US6022551A (en) * 1998-01-20 2000-02-08 Ethicon, Inc. Antimicrobial composition
US6080416A (en) * 1998-01-20 2000-06-27 Ethicon, Inc. Low tack lotion, gels and creams
US6417154B1 (en) 1998-05-30 2002-07-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Sorbent material
US6562777B2 (en) 1998-05-30 2003-05-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Sorbent material
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US6228385B1 (en) 1999-03-15 2001-05-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. Liquid antimicrobial, skin moisturizing formulation
US6107268A (en) * 1999-04-16 2000-08-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Sorbent material
US6861397B2 (en) 1999-06-23 2005-03-01 The Dial Corporation Compositions having enhanced deposition of a topically active compound on a surface
US20030125224A1 (en) * 1999-06-23 2003-07-03 Seitz Earl P. Compositions having enhanced deposition of a topically active compound on a surface
US6451748B1 (en) 1999-06-23 2002-09-17 The Dial Corporation Compositions containing a high percent saturation concentration of antibacterial agent
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US8569219B2 (en) 2003-09-29 2013-10-29 Deb Worldwide Healthcare Inc. High alcohol content foaming compositions comprising an anionic phosphate fluorosurfactant
US7683018B2 (en) 2003-09-29 2010-03-23 Deb Worldwide Healthcare Inc. High alcohol content gel-like and foaming compositions comprising an anionic phosphate fluorosurfactant
US7268165B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2007-09-11 Steris Inc. Enhanced activity alcohol-based antimicrobial compositions
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US20060039942A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-02-23 Greten Zachariah C Enhanced activity alcohol-based antimicrobial compositions
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US20060078484A1 (en) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-13 Greep Darcy W Wearable hand sanitation devices
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US20090155451A1 (en) * 2005-12-14 2009-06-18 Ylitalo Caroline M Antimicrobial coating system
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US9381150B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2016-07-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Alcohol antimicrobial skin sanitizing compositions including cationic compatible thickeners
US20090226497A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Alcohol Antimicrobial Skin Sanitizing Compositions Including Cationic Compatible Thickeners
US20110229544A1 (en) * 2008-11-26 2011-09-22 Viroblock S.A. Methods for Inhibiting Gram-Postive Bacteria Using Non-Phospholipid Lipid Vesicules
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