US637167A - Calculating-machine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 637,|67. Patented Nov. I4, |899.

G. & R. SCHWARZ.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application ied Fab. 18, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet (No Model.)

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N0. 637,|67. Patented Nov. [4, |899. G. R. SCHWARZ.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Feb. 18, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-wget 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GUSTAV SOIIVARZ AND RUDOLF SCHWARZ, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA- HUNGARY.

CALCULATiNG-IVIACHNE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 637,167, dated November 14, 1899.

Application lecl February 1S, 1899. Serial No. 706,041. (No model.)

To all whom it' may concern.-

Be it known that we, GUSTAV SCHWARZ and RUDOLF SCHWARZ, subjects of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Vienna, in the Province of Lower Austria and Empire ot1 AustI-ia-IIungary, have invented a new and useful Calculating-Machine with Distant Total or Difference Indicator, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to that class of ma-A chines for adding numbers together or for subtracting one number from another in which a type-writer adapted to print the numbers is combined with a computing-machine or subtractingmachine, the succession of the figures l 2 i i* 8 9 0 being reversed upon the registering-disks of this latter.

The invention has for its object to provide means for the total or difference to be indicated on a place distant from that where the type-writer is operated.

According to our invention the adding or subtracting machine is so constructed and arranged that on a key of the type-writer,which comprises ten keys, corresponding to the numerals Ol 2 *i ii i i 8 9, being operated as many successive closings and openings of an electric circuit take place as there are units contained in the number corresponding tothe key. The said electric circuit contains, besides the source of electric current, as many electromagnets, arranged in multiple arc, as the sum is to comprise places, the said electromagnets being arranged in the locality Where the sum or difference is to be indicated and provisions being made for completing the electric circuit by the shunt containing the required electromagnet every time the typewriteris displaced, according to the local value of a figure, while the other shunts remain cut out.

The attraction of an armature has Jfor its effect that a disk along the edge of which the figures 0 to 9 are marked is turned the rate corresponding to one ligure. ln order to cause, when a numeral-disk passes from the indication 9 to O the disk correspond ing to the next higher place to be turned one numeral, a normally-interrupted electric counection runs from each shunt to the shunt containing the eleetromagnet which corresponds to the next higher place, and while the numeral-disk corresponding` to the lower place passes from 9 to 0 a revolving circuit-maker strikes a springterminal, and thereby closes the said electric connection.

In order to make our invention fully understood, we shall hereinafter describe the same in detail, with reference to the annexed two sheets of drawings, iu which- Figure l is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a top view, of the type-writer and the device for displacing it, according to the local value of a figure to be printed. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation on line 3 3, Fig. l, showing the mechanism by which the circuit is closed while a numeral is being' printed. Fig. is a top view of the sliding contact-piece closing the shunt of the electromagnet concerned every time the type-writer is shifted. FiO. 5 illustrates how the frame carrying the typewriter is clamped upon a book for use. Fig. 6 is a front elevation, and Fig. 7 a sectional side elevation, online 7 '7, Fig. 6, respectively, of numeral-disks, the weight-motors adapted to drive them, and the electromagnets which by means of their armature-levers stop the said motors. Figs. 8 and 9 show diagrams of the circuit connections in the two cases of the battery being inserted as a whole into the main line or being inserted by portions into the shunts.

It will be seen from Fig. 5 that the rectanguiar frame a a a' a can be clamped upon the book b, into which the numbers are to be entered. For this purpose screws a2, which are journaled in the base-plate a3, engage tapped holes of the cross-bars a' a of the frame. A carriage c is adapted to be slid along the longitudinal bars a tof the frame, the said carriage having secured to one of its lateral slide-bars a spring c, which carries a half-globular knob c2. The said knob takes into recesses a4, formed in the adjacent bar a, with intervals corresponding to the interlinear spaces. Upon the said carriage c another carriage c3 is movable in transverse direction, this carriage c3 having secured to it the pivot c*l and the circular rail c5 for the cir; cular type-writer. The carriage c3, supporting the type-writer, is made movable in the transverse direction in order to provide for IOO the displacement of the type-writer according to 'the local value of the figure to be printed. The displacement-s are performed by the pinion c, mounted upon the longitudinally-movable carriage c and gearing with a rack c7,sc1ewed to the transversely-movable carriage o3. The pinion 00 is driven by the toothed sector cs, having` its pivot cf) secured to an extension of the longitudiually-sliding carriage c. Beyond the pivot c9 a lever-arm cio is rigidly connected with the toothed sector C8, and a coiled spring c11 has one end fixed to the said lever-arm c10 and the other end to a laterally-projecting arm cl2, screwed to the carriage c. The stop-pins cl3, which may be lowered by pressing down the corresponding keys 014, keep the lever-arm c10 in its position against the pull of the spring cell. When the cross-carriage c3, and consequently the lever-arm cotoo, are in their extreme lefthand positions, figures of the highest local value maybe entered. As soon as the gure is printed the iii-st of the keys c1'l is pressed down, whereby the first stop-pin c1S is lowered, and the spring c11 is permitted to pull the arm C10 over the said stop-pin to the next stop-pin. The toothed sector o8 and the pinion cG and rack cT transmit this movement to the crosscarriage c3, carrying the type-writer. .Vhen all parts have arrived in the positions corresponding to the entering of units, one may seize the knob or handle 015 of the arm el in order to push the said arm over the sloped ends of the stop-pins c1S into the position corresponding to the entering of the next numeral. In consequence of this displacement of the arm 010 the spring c is put in tension.

The annular type-writer is carried by the circular plate d, loosely mounted on the pivot c4 and having secured to it, by means of the standards CZ', a ring d2, in which guide-holes forthe plungers carryingthetypes are formed. To the lower surface of the plate d are secured brackets for the rollers d3,running upon the rail c5. rihe type-plungers d* are guided in square holes of the base-plate d and of the ring d2, the coiled springs d5 keeping the said plungers raised and stop-rollers d@ being pivoted to the inner faces of the plungers. On a plunger being pressed down, its stop-roller d comes to bear upon the outer marginal portion of the rail c5, and when the whole typewriter is then by means of the lowered plunger turned to the left or to the right the type first passes over either of two hiking-rollers d'7, fastened to the rail c5 by means of springs. Afterward the stop-roller d drops into the recess c16 of the rail c5, whereby the inked type is pressed upon the paper.

It has been stated hereinbefore that the plunger d4 while being lowered must cause as many successive closings and breakings of an electric circuit as there are units in the numeral printed by the said plunger. To this effect all plungers except that carrying the cipher-type are provided with outwardly-projecting ribs d8 of different heights. The said projecting ribs or tappets carry along, against the pull of springs f f, the one plate-shaped arm f of an angular lever, the other arm of which is formed byatoothed sectorf2. According to the height of the rib or tappet d8, the lever-arm f is moved downward a greater or smaller distance. During this movement the toothed sector f2 rotates the pinionf3, loosely mounted to its shaft and carrying upon its boss the ratchet-wheel fl at one side, and the star-shaped contact-wheel f5, provided with nine points, at the other side. Vhile this rotary movement takes pla-ce, the springs ff are putin tension, and the ratchet-wheel]C4 freely passes below the pawl g, pivoted to the toothed wheel g, which is mounted by the side of the ratchet-wheel. At the same time a given number of the points of the contact-wheel]c5 slide over the upper surface of a contact-spring 7i, which upper surface is coated with insulating material. Afterward the toothed sector f2 and the pinion f3 turn in the opposite direction under the action of the springs ff, formerly put in tension, and the ratchet-wheel f4 carries along the pawl g,

pivoted to the toothed wheel g', whereby this latter is rotated. It transmits the movement to the pinion g2, the shaft of which also carries the toothed wheel g3, and this latter is in gear with a pinion g5, mounted on the shaft of a revolving fan g4, checking the rate of speed. Owing to this arrangement the return movelnent takes place with a predetermined speed, moderated by the revolving fan g4, and during this return movement with moderated speed the same number of points of the contact-wheel rub along the conductive lower surface of the spring 7i, which may be connected by means of the switch-lever 72,' with one pole of a source of electricity, by preference of a battery. From the teeth of the contact-wheel f5 the current flows into the carriage c and cross-carriage c3, to which a contact-spring j is secured. This latter bears against and rubs over a block 7,1, of insulating material, inserted into the carriage'c and having` as many conductive contact-pieces 7c' 7a2, embedded into it as the members to be added may contain places. Then the type-writer is displaced according to the local value of the figure to be entered, the contact-springj also passes from one of the contact-blocks 7.3 k2 to another. From the contact blocks or terminals k' 7a2, run as many shunts l 2 as there are contact-blocks, and at the place where the sum or difference for the time being is to be indicated an electromagnet I II III is inserted into every shunt. beyond the electromagnets the shunts may imite again and the conducting-wire may lead to the other pole of the source of current, as shown in Fig.8. IIowever, there may also be separate sources of electric current inserted into every shunt, as illustrated in the diagram Fig. 9.

In front of each electromagnet there is mounted upon a shaft a nu meral-disk m, having its cylindric face divided into ten squares,

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eerie? 3 (marked with theigures l 2 t i* i i 9 0) By the train of wheels m m2 m3 m4 m5 on the shaft of the nu meral-disk m is transmittingly connected with the shaft of the cord-drum m7. The said cord-drum is loosely mounted upon its shaft, and one of its end sheaves has secured to it a ratchet-wheel ms, to which corresponds a pawl/m9, pivoted to the toothed wheel m6. For the purpose of winding the cord p, from which the weightp is suspended, up the hollow trnnnion of the drum m7 has secured to it a bevel-wheel q, in gear with a bevelwheel q', secured to a vertical shaft q2, which is provided with a crank and handle Q3.

The armature-lever r, upon which the spring reXerts its pressure in such a direction as to tend to keep the armature r2 raised while the electromagnet is not excited, is movable around the pivot-pin r3. The other arm of the armature-lever has its free end made up into an escapement-anchor r4, similar to that used in the escapements of clocks. The said escapement-anchora14 takes into a ten-toothed pinion 115, fixed to the shaft of the numeraldisk m, and thereby keeps the train of wheels of the weight-motor locked while the armature Wis not attracted. lVhen the armature is attracted, the one tooth of the escapementanchor r4 is withdrawn from the pinion T5, and at the same time the other tooth takes into the next interstice between two teeth of the pinion, whereby the shaft of the nu meral-disk is allowed to make one-tenth of a revolution.

Every time a numeral-disk m passes to the indication 0 or beyond this indication itis necessary that also the numeral-disk corresponding to the next higher place should be turned to the next higher figure. In cases when the indicated sum passes from 99 to 100 or from 900 to 1,000 three or four numeraldisks must be turned simultaneously. To this effect every one of the shunts l 2 3 is provided with a conductive connection a" x2 ac3, respectively, to the shunt comprising the electromagnet which corresponds to the next higher place, the said conductive connections being interrupted at one point. For closing the interruption of any of the conductive connections a," x2 :r3 inthe moment when a numeral-disk indicates 0 the shaft of the numeral-disk m also carries a contactarm n, to which corresponds a contact-spring n. The said arm n and contact-springn' are inserted into the electrical connections fr Q52 @c3 in the manner shown by Figs. and 9.

It will be readily understood thatit depends on the succession in which the numerals are caused to appear behind the holes of the box containing the disks-t'. e on the fact whether this succession is l 2 3 l t *i i f) 07 or 9 8 i il: *i i 3 2 1-whether the machine will act as an adding orsubtracting machine. In order to enable one and the same machine to be used for both purposes,we provide two sets of nnmeral-disks. \Vhen the su m or difference indicated is also to be enteredinto the book by means of the type-writer, the circuit is iirst broken by means of the switch-lever h.

The operation of the machine is as follows: First, the frame a' CL2 a3 is clamped upon the book into which the numbers are to be entered in such a position that the circular typewriter when brought into its extreme righthand position has its recess om placed over the units-column oi' the book. As already explained, the type-writer is shifted from the lett to the right by operating the keys c, by which the corresponding stop-pins C13 are lowered, and so the lever om is permitted to be drawn to the right by the coiled spring ou, the movement of the lever cw being transmitted, by means of the toothed sector CS, pinion c6, and rack c7, to the sliding` carriage c3, upon which the type-writer is mounted. By seizing the carriage c with both hands and pushing it 'forward or pulling it backward along the bars d ce the type-writer is also adjusted over the line where the first number is to be printed. The knob c2 of the spring c', shooting in to one of the holes d4, sufficiently locks the carriage c in its position. As soon as the type-writer is thus adjusted upon the book the lever h is turned to the left to close the gap ol the electric circuit, and therebythe machine is made ready for operation. Then the contact-spring bears upon the contact-block 7J, which is the terminal of the shunt-line containing 'the electromagnet I, adapted to actnate the units-computer, and consequently this electromagnet will be energized when the electric circuit is completed by means of the type-writer, as already explained. Let it now be assumed that the adding-disks are mounted to the computers, that these latter indicate the number 5,736, and that the amount 8,715 is tc be added. The'operator seizes the plunger market 5, presses it downward till its roller d bears upon the circular rail c5, and by means of the seized plunger turns the type-writer to the right or to the left till the roller d6 drops into the recess o16. Thereby the type at the bottom end ot the plunger which has been carried over either of the inking-rollers dT is pressed against the paper of the book and the ligure 5 is printed in the units-column. hile the 5 plunger is lowering, its rib (ZS carries along the plate-shaped arm f ot the leverf'f2 a distance corresponding to the height of the said rib ds, thereby putting the coiled springs f in tension. The other arm f2 of the lever j" f2, in the shape of a toothed sector, causes the loose pinionfg, with which it meshes,to turn one hundred and eighty degrees, whereby five teeth or points of the ten-pointed contact-wheel f5, secured to x the nave of the loose pinion, are caused successively to strike the layer of insulating material upon the upper surface of the contactspring 7L. At the same time the ratchet-wheel f4, likewise secured to the nave of the loose pinion f3, glides 'freely under the pawl g.

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carnet? As soon as the plunger is released its coiled spring d5 throws it upward, whereby the springs ffare allowed to return the leverf f2 into its former position. The returning toothed sector f2 again drives theloose pinion f3 one hundred and eighty degrees, but in the opposite direction, whereby the tive points of the ten-pointed contact-wheel are caused to strike the metallic lower surface of the spring 7L, and the electric circuit is closed and broken five times. At the same time the ratchet-wheel f4 drives, by means of the pawl f5, the wheel g', to which the pawl is pivoted, and the wheel g transmits the movement, by means of the wheels g2 g3 g, to the fan g4, which moderates the rapidity of succession of the makings and breakings of the electric circuit. Every time the circuit is closed the electromagnet I attracts its armature fr?, and as soon as the circuit is broken again the spring fr' moves the armature-lever fr in the opposite direction. At each such double oscillation of the armature-lever /r the escapement-anchor r4, integral with the said lever, permits the ten-toothed wheel 'T5 to turn, under the action of the weight fp', one tooth-that is to say, a tenth of a revolution-so that the numeral-disk m, iiXed to the shaft of thetentoothed wheel 015, which originally presented the numeral 6 behind the window of the box, will successively present ,7, S, 9, O, and 1. While the numeral-disk passes from the position 9 to the position O, the contact-arm n, which is secured to the shaft of the nu meral-disk and conductively connected with the shunt l, strikes the contactspring n', which is in electric connection with the shunt Thereby the electromagnet Il is energized and the tens-disk is caused to turn one iigure-viz.,from 3 to t The units having thus been added the operator seizes the thumb-piece c15 of the lever 010 and pushes s the lever to the left, over the second one of the chamfered pins cl3. Thereby the carriage o3, carrying the type-writer, is also moved to the left such an extent that the recess o16 is placed over the tens-column of the book and that the springjl is caused to bear upon the contactblock k2, corresponding` to the shunt 2. Now as there is one ten to be added the operator seizes the plunger marked l, depresses it, and pushes it forward, whenvit will print the tigure l into the tens-column of the book and by its rib d8 cause one completion of the circuit comprising the shunt 2. Thus the tens-computer disk m is advanced from a to 5 bythe electromagnet Il, controlling the escapement of the computers weight-motor. In an analogous manner the type-writer is afterward shifted over the hundreds-column of the book, and the plunger market 7 7 is pressed down and pushed forward in order to add seven hundreds to the seven hundreds already indicated. lVhile the numeral-disk of the hundreds-computer passes from the indication 9 to O, the contact-arm n, carried by the shaft of the disk, rubs over its corresponding contact-spring n', and thereby closes and breaks the shunt containing the electromagnet IV, this having for its effect that the thousands numeral -disk advances from 5 to G. From what has been said the procedure for adding the eight thousands will be obvious.

It will be readily understood that one is not bound iirst to add units, afterward tens, fue., but may at pleasure begin adding at any place.

For subtractin g the numeraldisks provided for this purpose are inserted, and by entering the subtrahend into the book in the manner described the minuend indicated by the numeral disks is diminished by that amount.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patentof the United States, is-

l. In an adding and subtracting machine with distant total or diiierence indicator, the combination with a circular revoluble typewriter comprising ten spring-plungers, adapted to print the types 0, I ii i: i *i *i :l: 8, 9, of a source of electricity, a contact-spring connected to one pole ot the current-generator and having it-s upper surface covered with in- A sulating material,a ten-pointed contact-wheel connected to the other pole of the generator and adapted to strike the contact-spring with its points, a longitudinal rib formed on each type-plun ger except the cipher one, the ribs being of lengths which are to one another as l: 2: 8: 9, according to the numerals to be printed by the plungers, a lever adapted to be pressed downward by the rib of a lowering type-plunger, a transmitting connection between the lever and the tenpointed contact-wheel, springs adapted to be put in tension by the lowering-lever, a fan for checking motion, and a ratchet mechanism adaptcd to drive the fan while the lever is returned by the reaction of the springs, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In an adding and subtracting machine with distant total or difference indicator, the combination with a frame, adapted to be clamped upon a book, of a carriage adapted to slide along the said frame, a carriage adapted to slide upon the former carriage in transverse direction, acircular rail mounted upon the upper carriage, the said rail having a recess in its marginal portion in front ofthe carriage, a pivot arranged in the center of the rail, a plate adapted to turn around this pivot, ten spring-plungers movable in holes of the plate and carrying the types O,1,i`2 i 9, and rollers pivoted to the plungers and adapted to roll on the rail and drop through the recess of the same, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In witness whereof we have signed this specification in presence of two witnesses.

GUSTAV SCHWARZ. RUDOLF SCHWARZ.

lVitnesses:

ALvEsTo S. Hocus, Vinson KERPL.

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