US6657344B2 - Passive magnetic bearing for a horizontal shaft - Google Patents
Passive magnetic bearing for a horizontal shaft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6657344B2 US6657344B2 US09/946,257 US94625701A US6657344B2 US 6657344 B2 US6657344 B2 US 6657344B2 US 94625701 A US94625701 A US 94625701A US 6657344 B2 US6657344 B2 US 6657344B2
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- array
- arcuate
- magnets
- annular
- shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime, expires
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0408—Passive magnetic bearings
- F16C32/041—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on one part attracting the other part
- F16C32/0412—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on one part attracting the other part for radial load mainly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/55—Flywheel systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
- F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to passive magnet bearings and, more particularly, to using such bearings to support a rotating shaft having a horizontal axis of rotation.
- magnetic bearings are designed to be stable along at least one axis, for example, their axis of symmetry, and then external stabilizing means are used to ensure their stability along the remaining axes.
- the stabilizing means referred to could either be mechanical, i.e., ball bearings, or, more commonly, electromagnetic.
- the latter approach uses position sensors to detect incipient unstable motion of the rotating element and magnetic coils in conjunction with electronic servo amplifiers to provide stabilizing forces to restore the element to its (otherwise unstable) position of force equilibrium.
- the foregoing is usually designated as an “active” magnetic bearing, in reference to the active involvement of electronic feedback circuitry in maintaining stability
- Magnetic bearings that use superconductors to provide a repelling force acting against a permanent magnet element in such a way as to levitate that magnet.
- These bearing types utilize the flux-excluding property of superconductors to attain a stable state by properly shaping the superconductor and the magnet in order to provide restoring forces for displacements in any direction from the position of force equilibrium.
- magnetic bearings that employ superconductors are subject to the limitations imposed by the need to maintain the superconductor at cryogenic temperatures, as well as limitations on the magnitude of the forces that they can exert.
- the present invention is a passive magnetic bearing composed of two elements, one to levitate a horizontal shaft, and the other to restore the shaft to its equilibrium position if it is displaced transverse to its axial axis of rotation.
- the levitation element is composed of a pair of arcuate segments composed of ferromagnetic material located within an annular radial-field magnet array.
- the magnet array is attached to the shaft's inner circumference and rotates with the shaft.
- the arcuate segments remain stationary with respect to the shaft.
- the magnetic field of the radial-field magnet array generates an attractive force between the arcuate ferromagnetic segments and the magnet array.
- the arcuate segments are positioned so that this attractive force is directed vertically to levitate the shaft, and also in a horizontal transverse direction to center the shaft.
- the restorative element is composed of an annular Halbach array and an annular circuit array located concentrically within the Halbach array.
- the Halbach array is attached to the shaft's inner circumference, and rotates with the shaft.
- the circuit array remains stationary relative to the shaft.
- There is a repulsive force between the Halbach array and the circuit array that is induced when the Halbach array rotates relative to the circuit array.
- the repulsive force increases exponentially with a decrease in the radial space between the Halbach array and the circuit array, and thus acts to restore the shaft to its equilibrium axis of rotation whenever the shaft is transversely displaced therefrom.
- one element of the bearing levitates and centers the shaft, while the other element restores the shaft to its equilibrium axis of rotation in the event it is displaced transversely therefrom.
- FIG. 1 is a cross section side view of a rotatable shaft supported at each end by a passive magnetic bearing of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the passive magnetic bearing of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross section view taken along line 3 — 3 of FIG. 2, that shows the restoring bearing element comprised of a rotatable annular Halbach magnet array and a concentric array of stationary close-packed shorted circuits.
- FIG. 4 is a cross section view taken along line 4 — 4 of FIG. 2, that shows the levitating bearing element comprised of a rotatable annular radial-field magnet array and a stationary concentric pair of arcuate segments composed of ferromagnetic material.
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the levitating bearing element comprised of a rotatable cylinder composed of ferromagnetic material and a stationary concentric pair of arcuate segments composed of radial-field magnets.
- FIG. 1 shows passive magnetic bearings 11 and 13 of the present invention, supporting rotatable hollow shaft 15 at shaft ends 17 and 19 , respectively.
- Bearings 11 and 13 provide shaft 15 with freedom of rotation about axial axis of rotation 21 of shaft 15 .
- Shaft 15 is a simplification used herein because the primary purpose of this discussion is to explain the structure and operation of the passive magnetic bearing of the present invention. In actuality, shaft 15 is representative of most any structure which requires a rotational degree of freedom about a horizontal axis, e.g., a flywheel rotor or generator armature.
- FIG. 2 shows a side view of bearing 11 and shaft end 17 .
- Bearing 11 includes bearing elements 23 and 25 , which lie inside of shaft 15 and are adjacent to each other.
- Bearing 13 is identical to bearing 11 , and the structural relationship between bearing 13 and shaft end 19 is the same as that between bearing 11 and shaft end 17 , as hereinafter described.
- FIG. 3 provides a cross section view of element 23 , taken along line 3 — 3 of FIG. 2 .
- Element 23 is comprised of Halbach magnet array 27 and close-packed array of shorted circuits 29 .
- Halbach array 27 is an annular array of permanent magnets concentric within shaft 15 . The outer circumference of Halbach array 27 is attached to the inner circumference of shaft end 17 , and Halbach array 27 thus rotates with shaft 15 about axial axis 21 .
- Halbach array 27 is composed of individual permanent magnets, each of which is particularly oriented with respect to axial axis 21 so that the array, as a whole, generates a reinforced multiple-pole magnetic field within the volume circumscribed by the array, yet cancels out most of the magnetic field that might otherwise occur outside of the array.
- Halbach magnet arrays A discussion of Halbach magnet arrays is provided in K. Halbach, “Application of Permanent Magnets in Accelerators and Electron Storage Rings,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 57, Apr. 15, 1985, pp. 3605-3608, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- Circuit array 29 is a close-packed array of shorted, electrically conductive circuits attached to a rigid support structure (not shown) through the open end of shaft end 17 .
- Circuit array 29 is symmetrically disposed about the axis of equilibrium for shaft 15 ; that is, when shaft 15 is rotating in its equilibrium position, axial centerline 21 is collinear with the axis of equilibrium. This is the position shown in the drawings.
- Circuit array 29 lies within Halbach array 27 .
- Shaft 15 and Halbach array 27 rotate with respect to circuit array 29 .
- Variable separation distance 31 separates Halbach array 27 and circuit array 29 .
- Shaft 15 can be vertically displaced from its equilibrium axis and, when that occurs, Halbach array 27 and axial axis 21 will translate with respect to circuit array 29 , resulting in an asymmetrical separation distance 31 .
- rotation of Halbach array 27 relative to circuit array 29 provides a stabilizing centering force on rotating shaft 15 . More particularly, the relative rotation of Halbach array 27 about circuit array 29 induces a current in circuit array 29 that ultimately generates a repulsive magnetic force acting across separation distance 31 . This repulsive force increases as distance 31 decreases, and lessens as distance 31 increases, e.g., diametrically opposite the minimum value for distance 31 . The effect is to restore axial axis 21 of rotating shaft 15 to its undisturbed, equilibrium position whenever a force acts on shaft 15 transverse to axial axis 21 .
- FIG. 4 shows a section view of bearing element 25 of bearing 11 , taken along line 4 — 4 of FIG. 2 .
- Bearing element 25 includes radial-field magnet array 33 and a pair of arcuate segments 35 .
- Array 33 is an annular array of permanent magnetic bars that is attached to the inner circumference of shaft end 17 and thus rotates about axis 21 with shaft 15 .
- the magnets composing array 33 are oriented so that their magnetic fields point radially inward towards axial axis 21 .
- Arcuate segments 35 lie within array 33 .
- Segments 35 are comprised of ferromagnetic material, e.g., ferrite material or “transformer iron” laminated to reduce eddy currents.
- segments 35 may be comprised of permanent magnet bars oriented so as to produce a radial magnetic field of polarity such as to be attracted to radial-field magnet array 33 .
- Segments 35 are separated by the angle ⁇ , and oriented to attract magnet array 33 .
- Segments 35 are attached to a rigid support structure (not shown) through the open end of shaft end 17 , and thus remain fixed relative to the axis of equilibrium for shaft 15 , i.e., axial as 21 and magnet array 33 can translate with respect to segments 35 , and magnet array 33 can also rotate with respect to segments 35 .
- the attraction between segments 35 and the proximate magnets of array 33 provides both a levitating force and a horizontal centering force acting on shaft 15 .
- the levitating, i.e., vertical, component of the attractive force can be adjusted to approximate 1 ⁇ 2 the combined weight of shaft 15 , Halbach array 27 , magnet array 33 , and any additional load associated with the use of bearing 11 .
- the levitating force generated by bearing 13 can be similarly adjusted, so that bearing elements 11 and 13 combine to levitate the weight of shaft 15 in addition to the weights of Halbach arrays 27 , magnet arrays 33 for bearings 11 and 13 , respectively, and any additional load associated with the use of bearings 11 and 13 .
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment for bearing element 25 , wherein rotatable cylinder 37 is composed of a ferromagnetic material and concentric stationary arcuate segments 39 are composed of a pair of arcuate radial-field magnets.
- the attraction between cylinder 37 and arcuate segments 39 provides both a levitating force and a horizontal centering force acting on shaft end 17 .
- the angle ⁇ separating arcuate magnets 39 the vertical component of the attractive force can be appropriately adjusted, as previously discussed in conjunction with the aforementioned embodiment of bearing element 25 .
- the support system composed of passive magnetic bearings 11 and 13 thus acts to restore axial axis 21 of rotating shaft 15 to its undisturbed, equilibrium position whenever a force acts on shaft 15 transverse to axial axis 21 , in addition to levitating and centering shaft 15 .
- Bearings 11 and 13 thus allow shaft 15 to rotate without mechanical friction about axial axis 21 .
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/946,257 US6657344B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2001-09-05 | Passive magnetic bearing for a horizontal shaft |
PCT/US2002/027658 WO2003021122A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2002-08-29 | Passive magnetic bearing for a horizontal shaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/946,257 US6657344B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2001-09-05 | Passive magnetic bearing for a horizontal shaft |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20030042812A1 US20030042812A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
US6657344B2 true US6657344B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
Family
ID=25484211
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/946,257 Expired - Lifetime US6657344B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2001-09-05 | Passive magnetic bearing for a horizontal shaft |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6657344B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003021122A1 (en) |
Cited By (28)
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US20020074882A1 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-06-20 | Frank Werfel | Centrifuge with a magnetically stabilized rotor for centrifugal goods |
US20040017122A1 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2004-01-29 | Global Trading & Technology, Inc. | Super conductive bearing |
US20060255894A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Yuji Enomoto | Motor |
US7291953B1 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2007-11-06 | Anorad Corporation | High performance motor and magnet assembly therefor |
US20080116757A1 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-22 | Sean Chang | Motor having magnetic fluid bearing structure |
US20080292467A1 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2008-11-27 | Sway As | Direct-Drive Generator/Motor for a Windmill/Hydropower Plant/Vessel Where the Generator/Morot is Configured as a Hollow Profile and a Method to Assemble Such a Windmill/Hydropower Plant |
US20090072633A1 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2009-03-19 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | High performance linear motor and magnet assembly therefor |
US20090127960A1 (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2009-05-21 | Kiyomi Kawamura | Anisotropic permanent magnet motor |
US20100133838A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2010-06-03 | Sway As | Turbine rotor and power plant |
US8777519B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-07-15 | Arx Pax, LLC | Methods and apparatus of building construction resisting earthquake and flood damage |
US8823233B2 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2014-09-02 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Passive magnetic bearing system |
US20150177695A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Montres Breguet Sa | Magnetic centring device |
US9126487B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-09-08 | Arx Pax, LLC | Hoverboard which generates magnetic lift to carry a person |
US9148077B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-09-29 | Arx Pax, LLC | Magnetic levitation of a stationary or moving object |
US9263974B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-02-16 | Arx Pax, LLC | Hover engine for a hoverboard which generates magnetic lift to carry a person |
US9325220B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-04-26 | Arx Pax Labs, Inc. | Propulsion and control for a magnetically lifted vehicle |
US9352665B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-31 | Arx Pax Labs, Inc. | Magnetically lifted vehicles using hover engines |
US9614462B2 (en) | 2007-09-10 | 2017-04-04 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Rippled disc electrostatic generator/motor configurations utilizing magnetic insulation |
US9691601B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2017-06-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Supporting unit and substrate-treating apparatus including the same |
US9739307B2 (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2017-08-22 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Non-contacting “snubber bearing” for passive magnetic bearing systems |
US9744878B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-29 | Arx Pax Labs, Inc. | Magnetically lifted vehicles using hover engines |
US10110146B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2018-10-23 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Pulse-train drive system for electrostatic generators and motors |
US10125814B2 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2018-11-13 | Raymond James Walsh | Passive magnetic bearing |
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US11460038B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2022-10-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Hybrid magnetic radial bearing in an electric submersible pump (ESP) assembly |
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DE102008035509A1 (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2010-02-04 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Magnetic axial bearing for initiating axial force, has bearing part provided with permanent magnet and flux guide elements provided on opposing end faces of magnet, and other elements provided at mutual spacing with respect to each other |
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WO2003021122A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
US20030042812A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
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