WO2005121305A1 - Mashing process - Google Patents

Mashing process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005121305A1
WO2005121305A1 PCT/DK2005/000366 DK2005000366W WO2005121305A1 WO 2005121305 A1 WO2005121305 A1 WO 2005121305A1 DK 2005000366 W DK2005000366 W DK 2005000366W WO 2005121305 A1 WO2005121305 A1 WO 2005121305A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alpha
amylase
enzyme
wort
starch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2005/000366
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Barrie Edmund Norman
Henrik Bisgaard-Frantzen
Anders Hasemann
Rikke Monica Festersen
Original Assignee
Novozymes A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novozymes A/S filed Critical Novozymes A/S
Publication of WO2005121305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005121305A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12CBEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
    • C12C5/00Other raw materials for the preparation of beer
    • C12C5/004Enzymes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12CBEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
    • C12C12/00Processes specially adapted for making special kinds of beer
    • C12C12/02Beer with low calorie content
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y302/00Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
    • C12Y302/01Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12Y302/01001Alpha-amylase (3.2.1.1)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y302/00Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
    • C12Y302/01Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12Y302/01003Glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase (3.2.1.3), i.e. glucoamylase
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y302/00Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
    • C12Y302/01Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12Y302/01068Isoamylase (3.2.1.68)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y302/00Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
    • C12Y302/01Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12Y302/01133Glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase (3.2.1.133), i.e. maltogenic alpha-amylase

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, inter alia, to a process for the production of an alcoholic beverage, such as beer, having a low carbohydrate content, and to a composition useful in such a process.
  • the invention provides in a first aspect a process for production of a beer having a low content of carbohydrates which comprises; a) preparing a mash in the presence of enzyme activities, b) filtering the mash to obtain a wort, and, c) fermenting said wort to obtain a beer, wherein the enzyme activities comprise; an alpha-amylase, a glucoamylase and an isoamylase.
  • the invention provides a composition comprising an alpha- amylase, a glucoamylase and an isoamylase.
  • Brewing processes are well-known in the art, and generally involve the steps of malting, mashing, and fermentation.
  • the malting serves the purpose of converting insoluble starch to soluble starch, reducing complex proteins, generating colour and flavour compounds, generating nutrients for yeast development, and the development of enzymes.
  • the three main steps of the malting process are steeping, germination, and kilning.
  • Steeping includes mixing the barley kernels with water to raise the moisture level and activate the metabolic processes of the dormant kernel.
  • the wet barley is germinated by maintaining it at a suitable temperature and humidity level until adequate modification, e.g. such as degradation of starch and activation of enzymes, has been achieved.
  • the final step is to dry the green malt in the kiln.
  • Mashing is the process of converting starch from the milled barley malt and solid adjuncts into fermentable and unfermentable sugars to produce wort of the desired composition.
  • Traditional mashing involves mixing milled barley malt and adjuncts with water at a set temperature and volume to continue the biochemical changes initiated during the malting process.
  • the mashing process is conducted over a period of time at various temperatures in order to activate the endogenous malt enzymes responsible for the degradation of proteins and carbohydrates.
  • the principal enzymes responsible for starch conversion in a traditional mashing process are alpha- and beta-amylases.
  • Alpha-amylase very rapidly reduces insoluble and soluble starch by splitting starch molecules into many shorter chains that can be attacked by beta-amylase.
  • the disaccharide produced is maltose.
  • mashing may be performed in the presence of added enzyme compositions comprising the enzymes necessary for the hydrolysis of the grist starch. After mashing, it is necessary to separate the liquid extract (the wort) from the solids
  • wort separation is important because the solids contain large amounts of non-starch polysaccharides, protein, poorly modified starch, fatty material, silicates, and polyphenols (tannins). Important non-starch polysaccharides present in cereal grains are beta-glucan and arabinoxylan.
  • the objectives of wort separation include the following: • to obtain good extract recovery, • to obtain good filterability, and • to produce clear wort. Extraction recovery and filterability are important for the economy in the brewing process, while the wort clarity is a must in order to produce a beer which does not develop haze.
  • Extraction recovery, filterability and wort clarity is greatly affected by the standard of the grist, e.g. the barley malt and the types of adjunct, as well as the applied mashing procedure.
  • the wort may be fermented with brewers yeast to produce a beer.
  • a typical wort consists of a mixture of starch derived carbohydrates which are classified as fermentable or non-fermentable according to whether they can be converted into ethanol by brewer's yeast.
  • the fermentable carbohydrates are formed by hydrolysis of grain starch by malt alpha- and beta-amylases.
  • Starch is a glucose polymer in which the glucose residues are linked by either alpha-1,4 bonds or alpha-1,6 bonds.
  • the starch is first solubilized and then a portion of the starch molecules are hydrolyzed into non-fermentable dextrins and to low molecular weight sugars, such as glucose, maltose and maltotriose, which brewers yeast can ferment into ethanol.
  • the non-fermentable or limit dextrin fraction consists of all sugars with a higher degree of polymerisation (DP) than matotriose.
  • DP polymerisation
  • alpha-amylase randomly cleaves alpha-1 ,4 bonds in the interior of the raw, largely insoluble starch molecule fragmenting them into large but soluble polysaccharides termed dextrins.
  • beta- amylase is an exo-amylase which sequentially cleaves alpha-1 ,4 bonds from the non reducing end of the these dextrins producing mainly maltose.
  • Both alpha- and beta-amylase are unable to hydrolyse the alpha-1 ,6 bonds which forms the branching points of the starch chains in the starch molecule. As the enzymes are unable to debranch the starch molecule this results in the formation of the aforementioned limit dextrins.
  • the composition of the wort can vary depending on the starting material, mash cycles and other variables.
  • the carbohydrate composition of a typical wort consists of 65- 80% fermentable sugars, and 20-35% non-fermentable limit dextrins. During fermentation the fermentable fraction is converted into ethanol to a final concentration of 3 to 6 % w/w. The limit dextrins are not converted into ethanol and remains in the final beer adding to the carbohydrate content of the beverage.
  • "low carb” or super attenuated beers an attempt is made to obtain a higher proportion of alcohol and a lower amount of residual dextrin.
  • These beers are formulated using exogenous enzymes compositions comprising enzyme activities capable of debranching the limit dextrins.
  • Glucoamylase an enzyme often used in brewing compositions have some action towards alpha-1,6 bonds, and may be applied to reduce the content of limit dextrins.
  • glucoamylases are much more efficient in hydrolyzing the alpha-1 ,4 bonds and have difficulties in hydrolyzing the alpha-1 ,6 bonds, glucoamylases must be used in very high concentrations.
  • the sugar profile obtained using high glucoamylase dosage is high in glucose and low in maltose, which is not considered optimal for the yeast.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that by using an isoamylase a wort having a reduced amount of non-fermentable limit dextrins can be produced without the negative characteristics of the sugar profile obtained using high glucoamylase dosage.
  • the term "grist” is understood as the starch or sugar containing material that's the basis for beer production, e.g. the barley malt and the adjunct.
  • malt is understood as any malted cereal grain, in particular barley.
  • adjunct is understood as the part of the grist which is not barley malt.
  • the adjunct may be any carbohydrate rich material.
  • mash is understood as a aqueous starch slurry, e.g.
  • wort is understood as the unfermented liquor run-off following extracting the grist during mashing.
  • spent grains is understood as the drained solids remaining when the grist has been extracted and the wort separated from the mash.
  • beer is here understood as fermented wort, e.g. an alcoholic beverage brewed from barley malt, optionally adjunct and hops.
  • extract recovery in the wort is defined as the sum of soluble substances extracted from the grist (malt and adjuncts) expressed in percentage based on dry matter.
  • thermostable enzyme is understood as an enzyme that under the temperature regime and the incubation period applied in the processes of the present invention in the amounts added is capable of sufficient degradation of the substrate in question.
  • homology when used about polypeptide or DNA sequences and referred to in this disclosure is understood as the degree of homology between two sequences indicating a derivation of the first sequence from the second. The homology may suitably be determined by means of computer programs known in the art such as GAP provided in the GCG program package (Program Manual for the Wisconsin Package, Version 8, August 1994, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53711) (Needleman, S.B. and Wunsch, CD., (1970), Journal of Molecular Biology, 48, 443-453.
  • GAP creation penalty of 3.0 and GAP extension penalty of 0.1.
  • DP is the degree of polymerisation, herein used for average number of glucose units in polymers in a polysaccharide hydrolysate.
  • the numbering of Glycoside Hydrolase Families (GH) applied in this disclosure follows the concept of Coutinho, P.M. & Henrissat, B. (1999) CAZy - Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes server at URL: http://afmb.cnrs-mrs.fr/ ⁇ cazy/CAZY/index.html or alternatively Coutinho, P.M. & Henrissat, B.
  • the members of a family furthermore show the same catalytic mechanism and have similarities in the overall three- dimensional structure, although a family may contain members with substantial variation in substrate specificity.
  • the naming of Humicola insolens endoglucanases follows the system of Karlsson, J. 2000. Fungal Cellulases, Study of hydrolytic properties of endoglucanases from Trichoderma reesei and Humicola insolens. Lund University.
  • the inventors of the present invention have shown that isoamylase may be used in a process for production of a wort having a low content of non-fermentable limit dextrins, and thus useful in the production of a beer having a low content of residual carbohydrates.
  • the alpha-amylase is an acid fungal alpha-amylase, e.g. an acid fungal alpha-amylase derived from A. niger.
  • a maltogenic alpha-amylase In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect is a maltogenic alpha-amylase.
  • the process of the invention is performed in the presence of an acid fungal alpha-amylase as well as a maltogenic alpha-amylase.
  • one additional enzyme is present, which enzyme is selected from the list comprising; pullulanase, endoglucanase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, ferulic acid esterase, and xylan acetyl esterase.
  • the endoglucanase is a Glucoside Hydrolase Family 12, 7 or 5 endoglucanase.
  • the process of the invention may be applied in the mashing of any grist.
  • the grist may comprise any starch and/or sugar containing plant material derivable from any plant and plant part, including tubers, roots, stems, leaves and seeds.
  • the grist comprises grain, such as grain from barley, wheat, rye, oat, corn, rice, milo, millet and sorghum, and more preferably, at least 10%, or more preferably at least 15%, even more preferably at least 25%, or most preferably at least 35%, such as at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 90% or even 100% (w/w) of the grist of the wort is derived from grain.
  • the grist comprises malted grain, such as barley malt.
  • At least 10%, or more preferably at least 15%, even more preferably at least 25%, or most preferably at least 35%, such as at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 90% or even 100% (w/w) of the grist of the wort is derived from malted grain.
  • the grist comprises adjunct, such as non-malted grain from barley, wheat, rye, oat, corn, rice, milo, millet and sorghum, and more preferably, at least 10%, or more preferably at least 15%, even more preferably at least 25%, or most preferably at least 35%, such as at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 90% or even 100% (w/w) of the grist of the wort is derived from non-malted grain or other adjunct.
  • Adjunct comprising readily fermentable carbohydrates such as sugars or syrups may be added to the malt mash before, during or after the mashing process of the invention but is preferably added after the mashing process.
  • a part of the adjunct may be treated with a protease and/or a endoglucanase, and/or heat treated before being added to the mash of the invention.
  • Other enzymes may be applied, preferably an enzyme, which is selected from the list comprising; pullulanase, endoglucanase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, ferulic acid esterase, and xylan acetyl esterase.
  • an enzyme which is selected from the list comprising; pullulanase, endoglucanase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, ferulic acid esterase, and xylan acetyl esterase.
  • starch extracted from the grist is gradually hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars and smaller dextrins.
  • the mash is starch negative to iodine testing, before wort separation.
  • Fermentation of the wort may include pitching the wort with slurry comprising fresh yeast, i.e. yeast not previously used for the invention or the yeast may be recycled yeast.
  • the yeast applied may be any yeast suitable for beer brewing, especially yeasts selected from Saccharomyces spp. such as S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum, including natural or artificially produced variants of these organisms.
  • the methods for fermentation of wort for production of beer are well known to the person skilled in the arts.
  • the process of the invention may include adding silica hydrogel to the fermented wort to increase the colloidal stability of the beer.
  • the processes may further include adding kieselguhr to the fermented wort and filtering to render the beer bright.
  • the beer produced by fermenting the wort of the invention may be any type of reduced carbohydrate beer, e.g. lager, pilsner, bitter, export beer, happoushu, high-alcohol beer, low-alcohol beer, low-calorie beer or light beer.
  • the enzyme composition comprises one additional enzyme, which enzyme is selected from the list consisting of; pullulanase, endoglucanase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, ferulic acid esterase, and xylan acetyl esterase.
  • the isoamylase to be used in the present invention may be of any origin including mammalian, plant or animal origin it is presently preferred that the isoamylase is of microbial origin.
  • the isoamylase may be one derivable from a filamentous fungus or a yeast.
  • the isoamylase enzyme preparation is derivable from Flavobacterium sp. such as F. odoratum or from Pseudomonas sp., such as from P.amyloderamosa and more preferably from the strain P.amyloderamosa ATCC21262.
  • Isoamylase activity is preferably used in amounts of 1 to 1.000.000.000 lAU/kg DS, more preferably 10 to 100.000.000 lAU/kg DS, even more preferably 100 to 10.000.000 lAU/kg DS, and most preferably 50.000 to 5.000.000 lAU/kg DS.
  • Isoamylase may be added in the amount of 0.001 mg to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably in the amount of 0.01 mg to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably in the amount of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, most preferably in the amount of 1 mg to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
  • endoglucanase While the endoglucanase to be used for the present invention may be of any origin including mammalian, plant or animal origin it is presently preferred that the endoglucanase is of microbial origin.
  • the endoglucanase may be one derivable from a filamentous fungus or a yeast. More preferably, according to the process of the invention the endoglucanase is derived from a filamentous fungus such as from Aspergillus sp. or Humicola sp. and preferably from Aspergillus aculeatus or Humicola insolens.
  • Preferred GH12 glucanases includes endoglucanases obtained from Aspergillus sp.
  • SWISSPROT Q12679 Aspergillus kawachii
  • SWISSPROT O74705 Aspergillus niger
  • SWISSPROT 013454 Aspergillus oryzae
  • Erwinia sp. such as from Erwinia carotovora
  • SWISSPROT P16630 Erwinia carotovora
  • Thermotoga sp. such as from Thermotoga maritima (SWISSPROT Q60032 or Q9S5X8).
  • Preferred GH7 glucanases includes endoglucanases obtained from Agaricus sp., such as from Agaricus bisporus (SWISSPROT Q92400), from Aspergillus sp., such as from Aspergillus niger (SWISSPROT Q9UVS8), from Fusarium sp., such as from Fusarium oxysporum (SWISSPROT P46238), from Neurospora sp., such as from Neurospora crassa (SWISSPROT P38676), and from Trichoderma sp., such as from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (SWISSPROT Q12714).
  • endoglucanases obtained from Agaricus sp., such as from Agaricus bisporus (SWISSPROT Q92400), from Aspergillus sp., such as from Aspergillus niger (SWISSPROT Q9UVS8), from Fusarium sp., such
  • GH5 glucanases includes endoglucanases obtained from Acidothermus sp., such as from Acidothermus cellulolyticus (SWISSPROT P54583), from Aspergillus sp., such as from Aspergillus niger (SWISSPROT O74706), and from Bacillus sp., such as from Bacillus polymyxa (SWISSPROT P23548).
  • Acidothermus sp. such as from Acidothermus cellulolyticus
  • SWISSPROT O74706 Aspergillus sp.
  • Bacillus sp. such as from Bacillus polymyxa (SWISSPROT P23548).
  • beta-glucanase derived from Thermoascus aurantiacus, such as from the strain IFO 9748 (BG025) and having the amino acid sequence submitted to NCBI Entrez Protein Database (accession no. GenPept AAL 16412.1) on 10-SEP-2001. Also preferred are any sequence having at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or even at least 90% homology to any of the aforementioned GH5 glucanases sequences.
  • Endoglucanase activity may be added in the amount of 0.001 mg to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably in the amount of 0.01 mg to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably in the amount of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, most preferably in the amount of 1 mg to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
  • the xylanase to be used for the present invention may be of any origin including mammalian, plant or animal origin it is presently preferred that the xylanase is of microbial origin.
  • the xylanase may be one derivable from a filamentous fungus or a yeast.
  • Xylanases have been found in a number of fungal species, in particular species of Aspergillus, such as A. niger, A. awamori, A. aculeatus and A. oryzae, Trichoderma, such as T. reesei or T. harzianum, Penicillium, such as P. camenbertii, Fusarium, such as F. oxysporum,
  • the xylanase is derived from a filamentous fungus such as from Aspergillus sp., Bacillus sp., Humicola sp., Myceliophotora sp., Poitrasia sp. or Rhizomucor sp.
  • the xylanase to be used in the present invention is a Glycoside Hydrolase
  • the xylanase is derived from Aspergillus aculeatus, and preferably the xylanase is a GH10 xylanase.
  • the xylanase is derived from Aspergillus aculeatus CBS 101.43, and most preferably the xylanase has comprising the partial amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5 in W 09421785A1. Also preferred are any sequence having at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%o, or even at least 90% homology to any of the aforementioned xylanase sequence.
  • Xylanase activity may be added in the amount of 0.001 mg to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably in the amount of 0.01 mg to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably in the amount of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, most preferably in the amount of 1 mg to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
  • a glucoamylase (E.C.3.2.1.3) to be used in the processes of the invention may be derived from a microorganism or a plant.
  • glucoamylases of fungal origin such as Aspergillus glucoamylases, in particular A. niger G1 or G2 glucoamylase (Boel et al. (1984), EMBO J. 3 (5), p. 1097-1102).
  • variants thereof such as disclosed in WO92/00381 and WO00/04136; the A. awamori glucoamylase (WO84/02921 ).
  • A. oryzae Agric. Biol. Chem. (1991), 55 (4), p.
  • glucoamylases include the glucoamylases derived from Aspergillus niger, such as a glucoamylase having 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or even 90% homology to the amino acid sequence set forth in WO00/04136 and SEQ ID NO: 13. Also preferred are the glucoamylases derived from Aspergillus oryzae, such as a glucoamylase having 50%, 55%, 60%>, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or even 90% homology to the amino acid sequence set forth in WO00/04136 SEQ ID NO:2.
  • glucoamylases include Talaromyces glucoamylases, in particular derived from Talaromyces emersonii (WO99/28448), Talaromyces leycettanus (US patent no. Re.32,153), Talaromyces duponti, Talaromyces thermophilus (US patent no. 4,587,215), Clostridium, in particular C. thermoamylolyticum (T ⁇ P135,138 ⁇ and C. thermohydrosulfuricum (WO86/01831).
  • Commercially available compositions comprising glucoamylase include AMG 200L;
  • AMG 300 L SANTM SUPER, SAN EXTRA L and AMGTM E (from Novozymes A/S);
  • OPTIDEXTM 300 from Genencor Int.
  • AMIGASETM and AMIGASETM PLUS from DSM
  • Glucoamylase activity may be used in the amounts of 0.1 to 100000 AGU/kg DS, preferably in the amounts of 1 to 10000 AGU/kg DS, more preferably in the amounts of 10 to 1000 AGU/kg DS, such as 100 to 500 AGU/kg DS.
  • Glucoamylase may be added in the amount of 0.001 mg to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably in the amount of 0.01 mg to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably in the amount of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, most preferably in the amount of 1 mg to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
  • the alpha-amylase to be used in the processes of the invention may be an acid fungal alpha- amylase, such as an acid fungal alpha-amylase obtained from a strain of Aspergillus, preferably a strain of Aspergillus niger or a strain of a strain of Aspergillus oryzae. More preferably the acid alpha-amylase is an acid alpha-amylase having at least at least at least 70% homology, such as at least 80% or even at least 90% homology to the acid fungal alpha-amylase having the amino acid in the sequence shown in SWISPROT No: P10529.
  • an acid fungal alpha- amylase such as an acid fungal alpha-amylase obtained from a strain of Aspergillus, preferably a strain of Aspergillus niger or a strain of a strain of Aspergillus oryzae. More preferably the acid alpha-amylase is an acid alpha-amylase having at least at least
  • Preferred alpha-amylases for use in the present invention also comprise a bacterial alpha-amylases, such as an alpha-amylase derived from a strain of ⁇ . licheniformis, B. amy- loliquefaciens, or B. stearothermophilus.
  • a bacterial alpha-amylases such as an alpha-amylase derived from a strain of ⁇ . licheniformis, B. amy- loliquefaciens, or B. stearothermophilus.
  • the acid alpha-amylase used for the process of the invention is one of the acid alpha-amylase variants and hybrids described in WO96/23874. WO97/41213, and WO99/19467.
  • BSG alpha-amylase Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase varianlj having the following mutations delta(181-182) + N193F (also denoted 1181* + G182* + N193F).
  • alpha-amylase examples include Mycolase from DSM (Gist Brochades), BANTM, TERMAMYLTM SC, FUNGAMYLTM, LIQUOZYMETM X and SANTM SUPER, SANTM EXTRA L (Novozymes A/S) and Clarase L-40,000, DEX-LOTM, Spezyme FRED, SPEZYMETM AA, and SPEZYMETM DELTA AA (Genencor Int.).
  • the alpha-amylase to be used in the processes of the invention may preferably be a maltogenic alpha-amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.133).
  • Maltogenic alpha-amylases (glucan 1 ,4-alpha- maltohydrolase) are able to hydrolyse amylose and amylopectin to maltose in the alpha- configuration. Furthermore, a maltogenic alpha-amylase is able to hydrolyse maltotriose as well as cyclodextrins. Specifically contemplated maltogenic alpha-amylases may be derived from Bacillus sp., preferably from Bacillus stearothermophilus, most preferably from Bacillus stearothermophilus C599 such as the one described in EP120.693.
  • This particular maltogenic alpha-amylase has the amino acid sequence shown as amino acids 1-686 of SEQ ID NO:1 in US6162628.
  • a preferred maltogenic alpha-amylase has an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity to amino acids 1-686 of SEQ ID NO:1 in US6162628. preferably at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or particularly at least 99%.
  • Most preferred variants of the maltogenic alpha-amylase comprise the variants disclosed in WO99/43794.
  • the sugar profiles obtained using a maltogenic alpha-amylase will be rich in maltose which will be beneficial for the yeast.
  • compositions comprising maltogenic alpha-amylase include NOVAMYLTM from Novozymes A/S.
  • Maltogenic alpha-amylases may be added in amounts of 0.01-40.0 MANU/g DS, preferably from 0.02-10 MANU/g DS, preferably 0.05-5.0 MANU/g DS.
  • Maltogenic alpha- amylases may be added in amounts 0.001 to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably 0.01 to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably 0.1 to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, and most preferably 1 to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
  • Isoamylase activity may be expressed in IAU (IsoAmylase Units) which is the amount of enzyme which causes an increase in absorbency of 0.01 at 610 nm under the following standard conditions: A reaction mixture comprising 1 ml of a suitably diluted enzyme solution, 5 ml of 1% amylopectin (waxy-maize starch SnowflakeTM 04201 - CPC) solution, and 1 ml of 0.5 M acetate buffer solution pH 3.5 is incubated at 40°C for 30 minutes. 0.5 ml of the reaction mixture is withdrawn and mixed with 0.5 ml of 0.01 M Iodine solution and 15 ml of 0.02 N H 2 SO solution. After 15 minutes the absorbency at a wave length of 610 is determined.
  • IAU IsoAmylase Units
  • the xylanolytic activity can be expressed in FXU(S)-units, determined at pH 6.0 with remazol-xylan (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono-D-xylan dyed with Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Fluka) as substrate.
  • a xylanase sample is incubated with the remazol-xylan substrate.
  • the background of non-degraded dyed substrate is precipitated by ethanol.
  • the remaining blue colour in the supernatant (as determined spectrophotometrically at 585 nm) is proportional to the xylanase activity, and the xylanase units are then determined relatively to an enzyme standard at standard reaction conditions, i.e.
  • Alpha-amylase activity may be determined using potato starch as substrate. This method is based on the break-down of modified potato starch by the enzyme, and the reaction is followed by mixing samples of the starch/enzyme solution with an iodine solution. Initially, a blackish-blue color is formed, but during the break-down of the starch the blue color gets weaker and gradually turns into a reddish-brown, which is compared to a colored glass standard.
  • KNU Kilo Novo alpha amylase Unit
  • AFAU Acid alpha-amylase activity
  • Acid alpha-amylase activity may be measured in AFAU (Acid Fungal Alpha-amylase Units), which are determined relative to an enzyme standard. 1 FAU is defined as the amount of enzyme which degrades 5.260 mg starch dry matter per hour under the below mentioned standard conditions.
  • Acid alpha-amylase, an endo-alpha-amylase (1 ,4-alpha-D-glucan-glucanohydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.1) hydrolyzes alpha-1 ,4-glucosidic bonds in the inner regions of the starch molecule to form dextrins and oligosaccharides with different chain lengths. The intensity of color formed with iodine is directly proportional to the concentration of starch.
  • Amylase activity is determined using reverse colohmetry as a reduction in the concentration of starch under the specified analytical conditions.
  • Glucoamylase activity The glucoamylase activity may be measured in AGU.
  • One AGU is defined as the amount of enzyme, which hydrolyzes 1 micromole maltose per minute at 37°C and pH 4.3. The activity is determined as AGU/ml using the Glucose GOD-Perid kit from Boehringer Mannheim, 124036. Standard: AMG-standard, batch 7-1195, 195 AGU/ml.
  • 375 microL substrate (1 % maltose in 50 mM Sodium acetate, pH 4.3) is incubated 5 minutes at 37°C. 25 microL enzyme diluted in sodium acetate is added. The reaction is stopped after 10 minutes by adding 100 microL 0.25 M NaOH.
  • the cellulytic activity may be measured in fungal endoglucanase units (FBG), determined on a 0.5% beta-glucan substrate at 30°C, pH 5.0 and reaction time 30 min.
  • Fungal endoglucanase reacts with beta-glucan releases glucose or reducing carbohydrate which is determined as reducing sugar according to the Somogyi-Nelson method.
  • 1 fungal endoglucanase unit (FBG) is the amount of enzyme which according to the above outlined standard conditions, releases glucose or reducing carbohydrate with a reduction capacity equivalent to 1 micromol glucose per minute.
  • Pullulanase activity may be determined relative to a pullulan substrate.
  • Pullulan is a linear D- glucose polymer consisting essentially of maltotriosyl units joined by 1,6- alpha -links. Endopullulanases hydrolyze the 1 ,6-alpha-links at random, releasing maltotriose, 6 3 - alpha - maltotriosyl-maltotriose, 6 3 - alpha -(6 3 - alpha -maltotriosyl-maltotriosyl)-maltotriose, etc. the number of links hydrolyzed is determined as reducing carbohydrate using a modified Somogyi- Nelson method.
  • PUN pullulanase unit
  • a folder, AF 190/2-GB, describing this analytical method in more detail is available upon request to Novozymes A/S, Denmark, which folder is hereby included by reference.
  • Pullulanase may also be expressed in PUN(R) which is measured relative to a Novozymes A/S Promozyme standard.
  • a folder, EB-SM-0425.02/01 describing this analytical method in more detail is available upon request to Novozymes A/S, Denmark, which folder is hereby included by reference.
  • Enzymes used A GH10 xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus CBS 101.43 comprising the partial amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5.in WO9421785A1.
  • An acid fungal alpha-amylase derived from A.niger having the amino acid sequence SWISPROT No: P10529.
  • a pullulanase having the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO:11 in US
  • mashing was performed as follows. Except when noted the mash was prepared according to EBC: 4.5.1 using malt ground according to EBC: 1.1. Mashing trials were performed in 500 ml lidded vessels incubated in water bath with stirring and each containing a mash with 50 g grist and adjusted to a total weight of 300 ⁇ 0.2 g with water preheated to the initial incubation temperature + 1 °C.
  • Extract recovery EBC: 4.5.1 (Extract of Malt: Congress Mash, Extract in dry).
  • extract recovery in the wort is defined as the sum of soluble substances (glucose, sucrose, maltose, maltotriose, dextrins, protein, gums, inorganic, other substances) extracted from the grist (malt and adjuncts) expressed in percentage based on dry matter.
  • the remaining insoluble part is defined as spent grains.
  • E, - 100 b)E 2 100 - ⁇
  • £ 1 the extract content of sample
  • E 2 the extract content of dry grist
  • P the extract content in wort
  • Plato M the moisture content of the grist
  • in % (m/m) 800 the amount of destilled water added into the mash to 100 g of grist
  • Standard malt was used. Mash preparation and mashing profile were as described above. The enzymes were dosed at zero min in the mashing profile. The fermentable sugars, glucose, maltose, matotriose and fructose were quantified using HPLC. The results are shown in table 1. Compared to the high glucoamylase treatment the amount of fermentable sugars can be increased 4-5% by using a combination of pullulanase and isoamylase. A corresponding decrease is observed in the amount of non-fermentable limit dextrins.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process and to a composition for use in the production of a wort suitable for fermenting to a 'low carb' or super attenuated beer.

Description

IMASHING PROCESS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates, inter alia, to a process for the production of an alcoholic beverage, such as beer, having a low carbohydrate content, and to a composition useful in such a process.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of enzymes in brewing is common. Application of enzymes to reduce the carbohydrate content of a beer is described in US 4,666,718. However, there is a need for improved processes for production of a beer having a low carbohydrate content, i.e. a low carbohydrate beer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides in a first aspect a process for production of a beer having a low content of carbohydrates which comprises; a) preparing a mash in the presence of enzyme activities, b) filtering the mash to obtain a wort, and, c) fermenting said wort to obtain a beer, wherein the enzyme activities comprise; an alpha-amylase, a glucoamylase and an isoamylase. In a second aspect the invention provides a composition comprising an alpha- amylase, a glucoamylase and an isoamylase.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Brewing processes are well-known in the art, and generally involve the steps of malting, mashing, and fermentation. In the traditional brewing process the malting serves the purpose of converting insoluble starch to soluble starch, reducing complex proteins, generating colour and flavour compounds, generating nutrients for yeast development, and the development of enzymes. The three main steps of the malting process are steeping, germination, and kilning. Steeping includes mixing the barley kernels with water to raise the moisture level and activate the metabolic processes of the dormant kernel. In the next step, the wet barley is germinated by maintaining it at a suitable temperature and humidity level until adequate modification, e.g. such as degradation of starch and activation of enzymes, has been achieved. The final step is to dry the green malt in the kiln. Mashing is the process of converting starch from the milled barley malt and solid adjuncts into fermentable and unfermentable sugars to produce wort of the desired composition. Traditional mashing involves mixing milled barley malt and adjuncts with water at a set temperature and volume to continue the biochemical changes initiated during the malting process. The mashing process is conducted over a period of time at various temperatures in order to activate the endogenous malt enzymes responsible for the degradation of proteins and carbohydrates. By far the most important change brought about in mashing is the conversion of starch molecules into fermentable sugars. The principal enzymes responsible for starch conversion in a traditional mashing process are alpha- and beta-amylases. Alpha-amylase very rapidly reduces insoluble and soluble starch by splitting starch molecules into many shorter chains that can be attacked by beta-amylase. The disaccharide produced is maltose. When brewing from grists low in enzymes such as high adjunct grists, mashing may be performed in the presence of added enzyme compositions comprising the enzymes necessary for the hydrolysis of the grist starch. After mashing, it is necessary to separate the liquid extract (the wort) from the solids
(spent grains i.e. the insoluble grain and husk material forming part of grist). Wort separation is important because the solids contain large amounts of non-starch polysaccharides, protein, poorly modified starch, fatty material, silicates, and polyphenols (tannins). Important non-starch polysaccharides present in cereal grains are beta-glucan and arabinoxylan. The objectives of wort separation, inter alia, include the following: • to obtain good extract recovery, • to obtain good filterability, and • to produce clear wort. Extraction recovery and filterability are important for the economy in the brewing process, while the wort clarity is a must in order to produce a beer which does not develop haze. Extraction recovery, filterability and wort clarity is greatly affected by the standard of the grist, e.g. the barley malt and the types of adjunct, as well as the applied mashing procedure. Following the separation of the wort from the spent grains the wort may be fermented with brewers yeast to produce a beer. A typical wort consists of a mixture of starch derived carbohydrates which are classified as fermentable or non-fermentable according to whether they can be converted into ethanol by brewer's yeast. In traditional mashing the fermentable carbohydrates are formed by hydrolysis of grain starch by malt alpha- and beta-amylases. Starch is a glucose polymer in which the glucose residues are linked by either alpha-1,4 bonds or alpha-1,6 bonds. During the mashing cycle the starch is first solubilized and then a portion of the starch molecules are hydrolyzed into non-fermentable dextrins and to low molecular weight sugars, such as glucose, maltose and maltotriose, which brewers yeast can ferment into ethanol. The non-fermentable or limit dextrin fraction consists of all sugars with a higher degree of polymerisation (DP) than matotriose. As indicated above the hydrolysis of the grist starch in traditional mashing is catalysed by two enzymes endogenous to malted barley. One, the alpha-amylase, randomly cleaves alpha-1 ,4 bonds in the interior of the raw, largely insoluble starch molecule fragmenting them into large but soluble polysaccharides termed dextrins. The second, beta- amylase, is an exo-amylase which sequentially cleaves alpha-1 ,4 bonds from the non reducing end of the these dextrins producing mainly maltose. Both alpha- and beta-amylase are unable to hydrolyse the alpha-1 ,6 bonds which forms the branching points of the starch chains in the starch molecule. As the enzymes are unable to debranch the starch molecule this results in the formation of the aforementioned limit dextrins. The composition of the wort can vary depending on the starting material, mash cycles and other variables. The carbohydrate composition of a typical wort consists of 65- 80% fermentable sugars, and 20-35% non-fermentable limit dextrins. During fermentation the fermentable fraction is converted into ethanol to a final concentration of 3 to 6 % w/w. The limit dextrins are not converted into ethanol and remains in the final beer adding to the carbohydrate content of the beverage. In the production of "low carb" or super attenuated beers, an attempt is made to obtain a higher proportion of alcohol and a lower amount of residual dextrin. These beers are formulated using exogenous enzymes compositions comprising enzyme activities capable of debranching the limit dextrins. Glucoamylase, an enzyme often used in brewing compositions have some action towards alpha-1,6 bonds, and may be applied to reduce the content of limit dextrins. However, as glucoamylases are much more efficient in hydrolyzing the alpha-1 ,4 bonds and have difficulties in hydrolyzing the alpha-1 ,6 bonds, glucoamylases must be used in very high concentrations. Furthermore, the sugar profile obtained using high glucoamylase dosage is high in glucose and low in maltose, which is not considered optimal for the yeast. The inventors of the present invention have found that by using an isoamylase a wort having a reduced amount of non-fermentable limit dextrins can be produced without the negative characteristics of the sugar profile obtained using high glucoamylase dosage.
Definitions
Throughout this disclosure, various terms that are generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the arts are used. Several terms are used with specific meaning, however, and are meant as defined by the following. As used herein the term "grist" is understood as the starch or sugar containing material that's the basis for beer production, e.g. the barley malt and the adjunct. The term "malt" is understood as any malted cereal grain, in particular barley. The term "adjunct" is understood as the part of the grist which is not barley malt. The adjunct may be any carbohydrate rich material. The term "mash" is understood as a aqueous starch slurry, e.g. comprising crushed barley malt, crushed barley, and/or other adjunct or a combination hereof, steeped in water to make wort. The term "wort" is understood as the unfermented liquor run-off following extracting the grist during mashing. The term "spent grains" is understood as the drained solids remaining when the grist has been extracted and the wort separated from the mash. The term "beer" is here understood as fermented wort, e.g. an alcoholic beverage brewed from barley malt, optionally adjunct and hops. The term "extract recovery" in the wort is defined as the sum of soluble substances extracted from the grist (malt and adjuncts) expressed in percentage based on dry matter. The term "a thermostable enzyme" is understood as an enzyme that under the temperature regime and the incubation period applied in the processes of the present invention in the amounts added is capable of sufficient degradation of the substrate in question. The term "homology" when used about polypeptide or DNA sequences and referred to in this disclosure is understood as the degree of homology between two sequences indicating a derivation of the first sequence from the second. The homology may suitably be determined by means of computer programs known in the art such as GAP provided in the GCG program package (Program Manual for the Wisconsin Package, Version 8, August 1994, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53711) (Needleman, S.B. and Wunsch, CD., (1970), Journal of Molecular Biology, 48, 443-453. The following settings for polypeptide sequence comparison are used: GAP creation penalty of 3.0 and GAP extension penalty of 0.1. The term "DP" is the degree of polymerisation, herein used for average number of glucose units in polymers in a polysaccharide hydrolysate. The numbering of Glycoside Hydrolase Families (GH) applied in this disclosure follows the concept of Coutinho, P.M. & Henrissat, B. (1999) CAZy - Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes server at URL: http://afmb.cnrs-mrs.fr/~cazy/CAZY/index.html or alternatively Coutinho, P.M. & Henrissat, B. 1999; The modular structure of cellulases and other carbohydrate-active enzymes: an integrated database approach. In "Genetics, Biochemistry and Ecology of Cellulose Degradation"., K. Ohmiya, K. Hayashi, K. Sakka, Y. Kobayashi, S. Karita and T. Kimura eds., Uni Publishers Co., Tokyo, pp. 15-23, and in Bourne, Y. & Henrissat, B. 2001 ; Glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases: families and functional modules, Current Opinion in Structural Biology 11:593-600. This classification system groups glucoside hydrolases based on similarities in primary structure. The members of a family furthermore show the same catalytic mechanism and have similarities in the overall three- dimensional structure, although a family may contain members with substantial variation in substrate specificity. The naming of Humicola insolens endoglucanases follows the system of Karlsson, J. 2000. Fungal Cellulases, Study of hydrolytic properties of endoglucanases from Trichoderma reesei and Humicola insolens. Lund University. The inventors of the present invention have shown that isoamylase may be used in a process for production of a wort having a low content of non-fermentable limit dextrins, and thus useful in the production of a beer having a low content of residual carbohydrates.
Embodiments of the invention In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect the alpha-amylase is an acid fungal alpha-amylase, e.g. an acid fungal alpha-amylase derived from A. niger. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect is a maltogenic alpha-amylase. In yet another preferred embodiment the process of the invention is performed in the presence of an acid fungal alpha-amylase as well as a maltogenic alpha-amylase. In a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect one additional enzyme is present, which enzyme is selected from the list comprising; pullulanase, endoglucanase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, ferulic acid esterase, and xylan acetyl esterase. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect the endoglucanase is a Glucoside Hydrolase Family 12, 7 or 5 endoglucanase. The process of the invention may be applied in the mashing of any grist. According to the invention the grist may comprise any starch and/or sugar containing plant material derivable from any plant and plant part, including tubers, roots, stems, leaves and seeds. Preferably the grist comprises grain, such as grain from barley, wheat, rye, oat, corn, rice, milo, millet and sorghum, and more preferably, at least 10%, or more preferably at least 15%, even more preferably at least 25%, or most preferably at least 35%, such as at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 90% or even 100% (w/w) of the grist of the wort is derived from grain. Most preferably the grist comprises malted grain, such as barley malt. Preferably, at least 10%, or more preferably at least 15%, even more preferably at least 25%, or most preferably at least 35%, such as at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 90% or even 100% (w/w) of the grist of the wort is derived from malted grain. Preferably the grist comprises adjunct, such as non-malted grain from barley, wheat, rye, oat, corn, rice, milo, millet and sorghum, and more preferably, at least 10%, or more preferably at least 15%, even more preferably at least 25%, or most preferably at least 35%, such as at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 90% or even 100% (w/w) of the grist of the wort is derived from non-malted grain or other adjunct. Adjunct comprising readily fermentable carbohydrates such as sugars or syrups may be added to the malt mash before, during or after the mashing process of the invention but is preferably added after the mashing process. A part of the adjunct may be treated with a protease and/or a endoglucanase, and/or heat treated before being added to the mash of the invention. Other enzymes may be applied, preferably an enzyme, which is selected from the list comprising; pullulanase, endoglucanase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, ferulic acid esterase, and xylan acetyl esterase. During the mashing process, starch extracted from the grist is gradually hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars and smaller dextrins. Preferably the mash is starch negative to iodine testing, before wort separation. Fermentation of the wort may include pitching the wort with slurry comprising fresh yeast, i.e. yeast not previously used for the invention or the yeast may be recycled yeast. The yeast applied may be any yeast suitable for beer brewing, especially yeasts selected from Saccharomyces spp. such as S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum, including natural or artificially produced variants of these organisms. The methods for fermentation of wort for production of beer are well known to the person skilled in the arts. The process of the invention may include adding silica hydrogel to the fermented wort to increase the colloidal stability of the beer. The processes may further include adding kieselguhr to the fermented wort and filtering to render the beer bright. The beer produced by fermenting the wort of the invention may be any type of reduced carbohydrate beer, e.g. lager, pilsner, bitter, export beer, happoushu, high-alcohol beer, low-alcohol beer, low-calorie beer or light beer. In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect the enzyme composition comprises one additional enzyme, which enzyme is selected from the list consisting of; pullulanase, endoglucanase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, ferulic acid esterase, and xylan acetyl esterase.
Isoamylase
The isoamylase to be used in the present invention may be of any origin including mammalian, plant or animal origin it is presently preferred that the isoamylase is of microbial origin. In particular the isoamylase may be one derivable from a filamentous fungus or a yeast. Preferably the isoamylase enzyme preparation is derivable from Flavobacterium sp. such as F. odoratum or from Pseudomonas sp., such as from P.amyloderamosa and more preferably from the strain P.amyloderamosa ATCC21262. Isoamylase activity is preferably used in amounts of 1 to 1.000.000.000 lAU/kg DS, more preferably 10 to 100.000.000 lAU/kg DS, even more preferably 100 to 10.000.000 lAU/kg DS, and most preferably 50.000 to 5.000.000 lAU/kg DS. Isoamylase may be added in the amount of 0.001 mg to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably in the amount of 0.01 mg to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably in the amount of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, most preferably in the amount of 1 mg to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
Endoglucanase While the endoglucanase to be used for the present invention may be of any origin including mammalian, plant or animal origin it is presently preferred that the endoglucanase is of microbial origin. In particular the endoglucanase may be one derivable from a filamentous fungus or a yeast. More preferably, according to the process of the invention the endoglucanase is derived from a filamentous fungus such as from Aspergillus sp. or Humicola sp. and preferably from Aspergillus aculeatus or Humicola insolens. Preferred GH12 glucanases includes endoglucanases obtained from Aspergillus sp. such as from Aspergillus kawachii (SWISSPROT Q12679), or Aspergillus niger (SWISSPROT O74705), Aspergillus oryzae (SWISSPROT 013454), from Erwinia sp., such as from Erwinia carotovora (SWISSPROT P16630), and from Thermotoga sp., such as from Thermotoga maritima (SWISSPROT Q60032 or Q9S5X8). Also preferred are any sequence having at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or even at least 90% homology to any of the aforementioned GH12 glucanases sequences. Preferred GH7 glucanases includes endoglucanases obtained from Agaricus sp., such as from Agaricus bisporus (SWISSPROT Q92400), from Aspergillus sp., such as from Aspergillus niger (SWISSPROT Q9UVS8), from Fusarium sp., such as from Fusarium oxysporum (SWISSPROT P46238), from Neurospora sp., such as from Neurospora crassa (SWISSPROT P38676), and from Trichoderma sp., such as from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (SWISSPROT Q12714). Also preferred are any sequence having at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or even at least 90% homology to any of the aforementioned GH7 glucanases sequences. Preferred GH5 glucanases includes endoglucanases obtained from Acidothermus sp., such as from Acidothermus cellulolyticus (SWISSPROT P54583), from Aspergillus sp., such as from Aspergillus niger (SWISSPROT O74706), and from Bacillus sp., such as from Bacillus polymyxa (SWISSPROT P23548). Most preferred is a beta-glucanase derived from Thermoascus aurantiacus, such as from the strain IFO 9748 (BG025) and having the amino acid sequence submitted to NCBI Entrez Protein Database (accession no. GenPept AAL 16412.1) on 10-SEP-2001. Also preferred are any sequence having at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or even at least 90% homology to any of the aforementioned GH5 glucanases sequences. Endoglucanase activity may be added in the amount of 0.001 mg to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably in the amount of 0.01 mg to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably in the amount of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, most preferably in the amount of 1 mg to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
Xylanase
While the xylanase to be used for the present invention may be of any origin including mammalian, plant or animal origin it is presently preferred that the xylanase is of microbial origin. In particular the xylanase may be one derivable from a filamentous fungus or a yeast. Xylanases have been found in a number of fungal species, in particular species of Aspergillus, such as A. niger, A. awamori, A. aculeatus and A. oryzae, Trichoderma, such as T. reesei or T. harzianum, Penicillium, such as P. camenbertii, Fusarium, such as F. oxysporum,
Humicola, such as H insolens, and Thermomyces, such as T. lanuginosa. Xylanases have also been found in bacterial species, e.g. within the genus Bacillus, such as B. pumilus. Preferably, according to the process of the invention the xylanase is derived from a filamentous fungus such as from Aspergillus sp., Bacillus sp., Humicola sp., Myceliophotora sp., Poitrasia sp. or Rhizomucor sp. Preferably the xylanase to be used in the present invention is a Glycoside Hydrolase
Family 10 (GH10) xylanase. Preferably, according to the process of the invention the xylanase is derived from Aspergillus aculeatus, and preferably the xylanase is a GH10 xylanase. Most preferably the xylanase is derived from Aspergillus aculeatus CBS 101.43, and most preferably the xylanase has comprising the partial amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5 in W 09421785A1. Also preferred are any sequence having at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%o, or even at least 90% homology to any of the aforementioned xylanase sequence. Xylanase activity may be added in the amount of 0.001 mg to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably in the amount of 0.01 mg to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably in the amount of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, most preferably in the amount of 1 mg to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
Glucoamylases
A glucoamylase (E.C.3.2.1.3) to be used in the processes of the invention may be derived from a microorganism or a plant. Preferred is glucoamylases of fungal origin such as Aspergillus glucoamylases, in particular A. niger G1 or G2 glucoamylase (Boel et al. (1984), EMBO J. 3 (5), p. 1097-1102). Also preferred are variants thereof, such as disclosed in WO92/00381 and WO00/04136; the A. awamori glucoamylase (WO84/02921 ). A. oryzae (Agric. Biol. Chem. (1991), 55 (4), p. 941-949), or variants or fragments thereof. Preferred glucoamylases include the glucoamylases derived from Aspergillus niger, such as a glucoamylase having 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or even 90% homology to the amino acid sequence set forth in WO00/04136 and SEQ ID NO: 13. Also preferred are the glucoamylases derived from Aspergillus oryzae, such as a glucoamylase having 50%, 55%, 60%>, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or even 90% homology to the amino acid sequence set forth in WO00/04136 SEQ ID NO:2. Other preferred glucoamylases include Talaromyces glucoamylases, in particular derived from Talaromyces emersonii (WO99/28448), Talaromyces leycettanus (US patent no. Re.32,153), Talaromyces duponti, Talaromyces thermophilus (US patent no. 4,587,215), Clostridium, in particular C. thermoamylolyticum (TΞP135,138λ and C. thermohydrosulfuricum (WO86/01831). Commercially available compositions comprising glucoamylase include AMG 200L;
AMG 300 L; SAN™ SUPER, SAN EXTRA L and AMG™ E (from Novozymes A/S);
OPTIDEX™ 300 (from Genencor Int.); AMIGASE™ and AMIGASE™ PLUS (from DSM); G-
ZYME™ G900, G-ZYME™ and G990 ZR (from Genencor Int.). Glucoamylase activity may be used in the amounts of 0.1 to 100000 AGU/kg DS, preferably in the amounts of 1 to 10000 AGU/kg DS, more preferably in the amounts of 10 to 1000 AGU/kg DS, such as 100 to 500 AGU/kg DS. Glucoamylase may be added in the amount of 0.001 mg to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably in the amount of 0.01 mg to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably in the amount of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, most preferably in the amount of 1 mg to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
Alpha-amylase
The alpha-amylase to be used in the processes of the invention may be an acid fungal alpha- amylase, such as an acid fungal alpha-amylase obtained from a strain of Aspergillus, preferably a strain of Aspergillus niger or a strain of a strain of Aspergillus oryzae. More preferably the acid alpha-amylase is an acid alpha-amylase having at least at least at least 70% homology, such as at least 80% or even at least 90% homology to the acid fungal alpha-amylase having the amino acid in the sequence shown in SWISPROT No: P10529. Preferred alpha-amylases for use in the present invention also comprise a bacterial alpha-amylases, such as an alpha-amylase derived from a strain of β. licheniformis, B. amy- loliquefaciens, or B. stearothermophilus. Preferably the acid alpha-amylase used for the process of the invention is one of the acid alpha-amylase variants and hybrids described in WO96/23874. WO97/41213, and WO99/19467. such as the Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase (BSG alpha-amylase) varianlj having the following mutations delta(181-182) + N193F (also denoted 1181* + G182* + N193F). Preferred commercial compositions comprising alpha-amylase include Mycolase from DSM (Gist Brochades), BAN™, TERMAMYL™ SC, FUNGAMYL™, LIQUOZYME™ X and SAN™ SUPER, SAN™ EXTRA L (Novozymes A/S) and Clarase L-40,000, DEX-LO™, Spezyme FRED, SPEZYME™ AA, and SPEZYME™ DELTA AA (Genencor Int.). The alpha-amylase to be used in the processes of the invention may preferably be a maltogenic alpha-amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.133). Maltogenic alpha-amylases (glucan 1 ,4-alpha- maltohydrolase) are able to hydrolyse amylose and amylopectin to maltose in the alpha- configuration. Furthermore, a maltogenic alpha-amylase is able to hydrolyse maltotriose as well as cyclodextrins. Specifically contemplated maltogenic alpha-amylases may be derived from Bacillus sp., preferably from Bacillus stearothermophilus, most preferably from Bacillus stearothermophilus C599 such as the one described in EP120.693. This particular maltogenic alpha-amylase has the amino acid sequence shown as amino acids 1-686 of SEQ ID NO:1 in US6162628. A preferred maltogenic alpha-amylase has an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity to amino acids 1-686 of SEQ ID NO:1 in US6162628. preferably at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or particularly at least 99%. Most preferred variants of the maltogenic alpha-amylase comprise the variants disclosed in WO99/43794. The sugar profiles obtained using a maltogenic alpha-amylase will be rich in maltose which will be beneficial for the yeast. Commercially available compositions comprising maltogenic alpha-amylase include NOVAMYL™ from Novozymes A/S. Maltogenic alpha-amylases may be added in amounts of 0.01-40.0 MANU/g DS, preferably from 0.02-10 MANU/g DS, preferably 0.05-5.0 MANU/g DS. Maltogenic alpha- amylases may be added in amounts 0.001 to 100000 mg EP/kg DS, preferably 0.01 to 10000 mg EP/kg DS, more preferably 0.1 to 1000 mg EP/kg DS, and most preferably 1 to 100 mg EP/kg DS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Isoamylase activity
Isoamylase activity may be expressed in IAU (IsoAmylase Units) which is the amount of enzyme which causes an increase in absorbency of 0.01 at 610 nm under the following standard conditions: A reaction mixture comprising 1 ml of a suitably diluted enzyme solution, 5 ml of 1% amylopectin (waxy-maize starch Snowflake™ 04201 - CPC) solution, and 1 ml of 0.5 M acetate buffer solution pH 3.5 is incubated at 40°C for 30 minutes. 0.5 ml of the reaction mixture is withdrawn and mixed with 0.5 ml of 0.01 M Iodine solution and 15 ml of 0.02 N H2SO solution. After 15 minutes the absorbency at a wave length of 610 is determined.
Xylanolytic activity
The xylanolytic activity can be expressed in FXU(S)-units, determined at pH 6.0 with remazol-xylan (4-O-methyl-D-glucurono-D-xylan dyed with Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Fluka) as substrate. A xylanase sample is incubated with the remazol-xylan substrate. The background of non-degraded dyed substrate is precipitated by ethanol. The remaining blue colour in the supernatant (as determined spectrophotometrically at 585 nm) is proportional to the xylanase activity, and the xylanase units are then determined relatively to an enzyme standard at standard reaction conditions, i.e. Substrate concentration 0.45% w/v, Enzyme concentration 0.04 - 0.14 FXU(S)/mL at 50.0 °C, pH 6.0, and in 30 minutes reaction time. Xylanase activity in FXU(S) is measured relative to a Novozymes FXU(S) enzyme standard comprising the monocomponent xylanase preparation Shearzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. A folder EB-SM-0397.02 describing this analytical method in more detail is available upon request to Novozymes A/S, Denmark, which folder is hereby included by reference.
Alpha-amylase activity (KNU) The amylolytic activity may be determined using potato starch as substrate. This method is based on the break-down of modified potato starch by the enzyme, and the reaction is followed by mixing samples of the starch/enzyme solution with an iodine solution. Initially, a blackish-blue color is formed, but during the break-down of the starch the blue color gets weaker and gradually turns into a reddish-brown, which is compared to a colored glass standard. One Kilo Novo alpha amylase Unit (KNU) is defined as the amount of enzyme which, under standard conditions (i.e. at 37°C +/- 0.05; 0.0003 M Ca2+; and pH 5.6) dextri- nizes 5260 mg starch dry substance Merck Amylum solubile. A folder EB-SM-0009.02/01 describing this analytical method in more detail is available upon request to Novozymes A/S, Denmark, which folder is hereby included by reference.
Acid alpha-amylase activity (AFAU)
Acid alpha-amylase activity may be measured in AFAU (Acid Fungal Alpha-amylase Units), which are determined relative to an enzyme standard. 1 FAU is defined as the amount of enzyme which degrades 5.260 mg starch dry matter per hour under the below mentioned standard conditions. Acid alpha-amylase, an endo-alpha-amylase (1 ,4-alpha-D-glucan-glucanohydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.1) hydrolyzes alpha-1 ,4-glucosidic bonds in the inner regions of the starch molecule to form dextrins and oligosaccharides with different chain lengths. The intensity of color formed with iodine is directly proportional to the concentration of starch. Amylase activity is determined using reverse colohmetry as a reduction in the concentration of starch under the specified analytical conditions.
ALPHA-AMYLASE STARCH + IODINE Λn0. ,p _H.2,,5, > DEXTRINS + OLIGOSACCHARIDES 1 = 590 nm blue/violet t = 23 sec. decoloration
Standard conditions/reaction conditions: Substrate: Soluble starch, approx. 0.17 g/L Buffer: Citrate, approx. 0.03 M Iodine (12): 0.03 g/L CaCI2: 1.85 mM pH: 2.50 ± 0.05 Incubation temperature: 40°C Reaction time: 23 seconds Wavelength: 590nm Enzyme concentration: 0.025 AFAU/mL Enzyme working range: 0.01-0.04 AFAU/mL
A folder EB-SM-0259.02/01 describing this analytical method in more detail is available upon request to Novozymes A/S, Denmark, which folder is hereby included by reference.
Glucoamylase activity (AGU) The glucoamylase activity may be measured in AGU. One AGU is defined as the amount of enzyme, which hydrolyzes 1 micromole maltose per minute at 37°C and pH 4.3. The activity is determined as AGU/ml using the Glucose GOD-Perid kit from Boehringer Mannheim, 124036. Standard: AMG-standard, batch 7-1195, 195 AGU/ml. 375 microL substrate (1 % maltose in 50 mM Sodium acetate, pH 4.3) is incubated 5 minutes at 37°C. 25 microL enzyme diluted in sodium acetate is added. The reaction is stopped after 10 minutes by adding 100 microL 0.25 M NaOH. 20 microL is transferred to a 96 well microtitre plate and 200 microL GOD-Perid solution (124036, Boehringer Mannheim) is added. After 30 minutes at room temperature, the absorbance is measured at 650 nm and the activity calculated in AGU/ml from the AMG-standard. A folder (AEL-SM-0131) describing this analytical method in more detail is available on request from Novozymes A/S, Denmark, which folder is hereby included by reference.
Endoglucanase activity
The cellulytic activity may be measured in fungal endoglucanase units (FBG), determined on a 0.5% beta-glucan substrate at 30°C, pH 5.0 and reaction time 30 min. Fungal endoglucanase reacts with beta-glucan releases glucose or reducing carbohydrate which is determined as reducing sugar according to the Somogyi-Nelson method. 1 fungal endoglucanase unit (FBG) is the amount of enzyme which according to the above outlined standard conditions, releases glucose or reducing carbohydrate with a reduction capacity equivalent to 1 micromol glucose per minute.
Pullulanase Activity (PUN)
Pullulanase activity may be determined relative to a pullulan substrate. Pullulan is a linear D- glucose polymer consisting essentially of maltotriosyl units joined by 1,6- alpha -links. Endopullulanases hydrolyze the 1 ,6-alpha-links at random, releasing maltotriose, 63- alpha - maltotriosyl-maltotriose, 63- alpha -(63- alpha -maltotriosyl-maltotriosyl)-maltotriose, etc. the number of links hydrolyzed is determined as reducing carbohydrate using a modified Somogyi- Nelson method. One pullulanase unit (PUN) is the amount of enzyme which, under standard conditions (i.e. after 30 minutes reaction time at 40°C and pH 5.0; and with 0.2% pullulan as substrate) hydrolyzes pullulan, liberating reducing carbohydrate with a reducing power equivalent to 1 micromol glucose per minute. A folder, AF 190/2-GB, describing this analytical method in more detail is available upon request to Novozymes A/S, Denmark, which folder is hereby included by reference. Pullulanase may also be expressed in PUN(R) which is measured relative to a Novozymes A/S Promozyme standard. A folder, EB-SM-0425.02/01 , describing this analytical method in more detail is available upon request to Novozymes A/S, Denmark, which folder is hereby included by reference.
Enzymes used A GH10 xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus CBS 101.43 comprising the partial amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5.in WO9421785A1. An beta-glucanase derived from Thermoascus aurantiacus IFO 9748 (BG025) having the amino acid sequence submitted to NCBI Entrez Protein Database and having the accession no. GenPept AAL 16412.1. An alpha-amylase derived from β. amyloliquefaciens (BAN 480 L). An acid fungal alpha-amylase derived from A.niger having the amino acid sequence SWISPROT No: P10529. An isoamylase enzyme preparation from Pseudomonas amyloderamosa ATCC21262. A pullulanase having the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO:11 in US
5.736.375 or a pullulanase from Bacillus acidopullulyticus (Promozym 400 L, available from Novozymes) A glucoamylase derived from A. niger (AMG 300 L, available from Novozymes). A protease from Thermoascus aurantiacus (AP025) having the acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 in WO2003048353A1.
Methods
Mash preparation
Unless otherwise stated mashing was performed as follows. Except when noted the mash was prepared according to EBC: 4.5.1 using malt ground according to EBC: 1.1. Mashing trials were performed in 500 ml lidded vessels incubated in water bath with stirring and each containing a mash with 50 g grist and adjusted to a total weight of 300±0.2 g with water preheated to the initial incubation temperature + 1 °C.
Mashing temperature profile
Unless otherwise stated mashing was carried out using an initial incubation temperature at
50°C for 30 minutes, followed by a 16 min temperature increase to 66°C and remaining here for 41 min. The profile is continued with a 10 min temperature increase to 75°C and remaining here for 10 min. All step wise temperature gradients are achieved by an increase of 1°C/min. The mash is cooled to 20°C during 15 min, which result in a total incubation period of 121 min.
Additional methods Methods for analysis of raw products, wort, beer etc. can be found in Analytica-EBC, Analysis Committee of EBC, the European Brewing Convention (1998), Verlag Hans Carl Geranke-Fachverlag. For the present invention the methods applied for determination of the following parameters were as indicated below. Extract recovery: EBC: 4.5.1 (Extract of Malt: Congress Mash, Extract in dry). The term extract recovery in the wort is defined as the sum of soluble substances (glucose, sucrose, maltose, maltotriose, dextrins, protein, gums, inorganic, other substances) extracted from the grist (malt and adjuncts) expressed in percentage based on dry matter. The remaining insoluble part is defined as spent grains. a) Eι _ P(M + 800) 100 - P
E, - 100 b)E2 = 100 - Λ where; £1 = the extract content of sample, in % (m/m) E2 = the extract content of dry grist, in % (m/m) P = the extract content in wort, in % Plato M = the moisture content of the grist, in % (m/m) 800 = the amount of destilled water added into the mash to 100 g of grist
Example 1
Standard malt was used. Mash preparation and mashing profile were as described above. The enzymes were dosed at zero min in the mashing profile. The fermentable sugars, glucose, maltose, matotriose and fructose were quantified using HPLC. The results are shown in table 1. Compared to the high glucoamylase treatment the amount of fermentable sugars can be increased 4-5% by using a combination of pullulanase and isoamylase. A corresponding decrease is observed in the amount of non-fermentable limit dextrins.
Figure imgf000016_0001

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A process for production of a beer having a low content of carbohydrates which comprises; a. preparing a mash in the presence of enzyme activities, b. filtering the mash to obtain a wort, and, c. fermenting said wort to obtain a beer wherein the enzyme activities comprise; an alpha-amylase, a glucoamylase and an isoamylase. 2. The process of the preceding claim wherein the alpha-amylase is an acid fungal alpha-amylase, e.g. an acid fungal alpha-amylase derived from A. niger. 3. The process of the preceding claims wherein the alpha-amylase is a maltogenic alpha-amylase. 4. The process of the preceding claims wherein at least one additional enzyme is present, which enzyme is selected from the list comprising; pullulanase, endoglucanase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, ferulic acid esterase, and xylan acetyl esterase. 5. The process of the preceding claims wherein the endoglucanase is a Glucoside Hydrolase Family 12, 7 or 5 endoglucanase. 6. An enzyme composition comprising an alpha-amylase, a glucoamylase and an isoamylase. 7. The enzyme composition of the preceding claim further comprising at least one additional enzyme, which enzyme is selected from the list comprising; pullulanase, endoglucanase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, ferulic acid esterase, and xylan acetyl esterase. 8. A use of the enzyme composition of the preceding claims in a mashing process.
PCT/DK2005/000366 2004-06-08 2005-06-02 Mashing process WO2005121305A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200400895 2004-06-08
DKPA200400895 2004-06-08
DKPA200400954 2004-06-18
DKPA200400954 2004-06-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005121305A1 true WO2005121305A1 (en) 2005-12-22

Family

ID=34969005

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK2005/000366 WO2005121305A1 (en) 2004-06-08 2005-06-02 Mashing process

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2005121305A1 (en)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007113292A3 (en) * 2006-04-04 2007-11-29 Novozymes As Mashing process
WO2009075682A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Novozymes A/S Mashing process
WO2009074650A2 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Novozymes A/S Brewing process
WO2010043538A2 (en) 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Novozymes A/S Brewing process
WO2011020910A1 (en) 2009-08-21 2011-02-24 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having isoamylase activity and polynucleotides encoding same
US20110059203A1 (en) * 2009-09-01 2011-03-10 Double F GmbH for Distribution Process for Manufacturing a Sport Beer
WO2011058105A1 (en) 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Novozymes A/S A brewing method
WO2012140075A3 (en) * 2011-04-15 2013-07-18 Novozymes A/S Method for production of brewers wort
WO2014060474A1 (en) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-24 Novozymes A/S Method for production of brewers wort
WO2014093125A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Danisco Us Inc. Method of using alpha-amylase from aspergillus fumigatus and isoamylase for saccharification
US8765199B2 (en) 2006-06-15 2014-07-01 Novozymes A/S Mashing process
WO2016005521A1 (en) * 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Novozymes A/S Process for producing ethanol from starch using a gh5 xylanase
CN105623937A (en) * 2007-12-12 2016-06-01 诺维信公司 Saccharifying method
US10258065B2 (en) 2014-07-10 2019-04-16 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding same
CN110879260A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-03-13 江南大学 Method for predicting barley malt filtering speed through arabinoxylan content
CN113543656A (en) * 2018-10-22 2021-10-22 杜邦营养生物科学有限公司 Enzymes for extraction saccharification in assisted brewing

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4666718A (en) * 1984-08-15 1987-05-19 Miller Brewing Company Preparation of low calorie beer
EP0354828A1 (en) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-14 Rhone-Poulenc Chimie Process for the production of lactic acid
US5665585A (en) * 1992-09-03 1997-09-09 Alko-Yhiot Oy Recombinant production of glucoamylase P in trichoderma
WO2002074895A2 (en) * 2001-03-19 2002-09-26 Novozymes A/S Fermentation process including the use of enzymes
WO2004011591A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-02-05 Novozymes A/S Mashing process

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4666718A (en) * 1984-08-15 1987-05-19 Miller Brewing Company Preparation of low calorie beer
EP0354828A1 (en) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-14 Rhone-Poulenc Chimie Process for the production of lactic acid
US5665585A (en) * 1992-09-03 1997-09-09 Alko-Yhiot Oy Recombinant production of glucoamylase P in trichoderma
WO2002074895A2 (en) * 2001-03-19 2002-09-26 Novozymes A/S Fermentation process including the use of enzymes
WO2004011591A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-02-05 Novozymes A/S Mashing process

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9145537B2 (en) 2006-04-04 2015-09-29 Novozymes A/S Mashing process
WO2007113292A3 (en) * 2006-04-04 2007-11-29 Novozymes As Mashing process
US8765199B2 (en) 2006-06-15 2014-07-01 Novozymes A/S Mashing process
RU2475526C2 (en) * 2007-12-12 2013-02-20 Новозимс А/С Brewage method
US20100303955A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2010-12-02 Novozymes A/S Brewing Process
CN101918525A (en) * 2007-12-12 2010-12-15 诺维信公司 Mashing process
US11041139B2 (en) 2007-12-12 2021-06-22 Novozymes A/S Brewing process
CN105623937A (en) * 2007-12-12 2016-06-01 诺维信公司 Saccharifying method
WO2009074650A3 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-08-13 Novozymes As Brewing process
CN101952409B (en) * 2007-12-12 2014-12-10 诺维信公司 Brewing process
WO2009074650A2 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Novozymes A/S Brewing process
WO2009075682A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Novozymes A/S Mashing process
WO2010043538A2 (en) 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Novozymes A/S Brewing process
WO2010043538A3 (en) * 2008-10-15 2011-02-03 Novozymes A/S Brewing process
CN102186965B (en) * 2008-10-15 2014-10-08 诺维信公司 Brewing process
RU2524118C2 (en) * 2008-10-15 2014-07-27 Новозимс А/С Brewage method
US8735105B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2014-05-27 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having isoamylase activity and methods of use
US8409830B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2013-04-02 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having isoamylase activity and methods of use
WO2011020910A1 (en) 2009-08-21 2011-02-24 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having isoamylase activity and polynucleotides encoding same
US8728768B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2014-05-20 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having isoamylase activity and methods of use
US8586333B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2013-11-19 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having isoamylase activity and methods of use
US20110059203A1 (en) * 2009-09-01 2011-03-10 Double F GmbH for Distribution Process for Manufacturing a Sport Beer
US20120225164A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2012-09-06 Novozymes A/S Brewing method
EP2499227B1 (en) 2009-11-13 2015-04-08 Novozymes A/S A brewing method
WO2011058105A1 (en) 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Novozymes A/S A brewing method
US10800999B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-10-13 Novozymes A/S Method for production of brewers wort
WO2012140075A3 (en) * 2011-04-15 2013-07-18 Novozymes A/S Method for production of brewers wort
CN109321391A (en) * 2011-04-15 2019-02-12 诺维信公司 The method for producing barley juice of beer
WO2014060474A1 (en) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-24 Novozymes A/S Method for production of brewers wort
WO2014093125A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Danisco Us Inc. Method of using alpha-amylase from aspergillus fumigatus and isoamylase for saccharification
US9765374B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2017-09-19 Danisco Us Inc Method of using α-amylase from Aspergillus fumigatus and isoamylase for saccharification
WO2016005521A1 (en) * 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Novozymes A/S Process for producing ethanol from starch using a gh5 xylanase
US10842172B2 (en) 2014-07-10 2020-11-24 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding same
US10258065B2 (en) 2014-07-10 2019-04-16 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding same
US11470859B2 (en) 2014-07-10 2022-10-18 Novozymes A/S Polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding same
CN113543656A (en) * 2018-10-22 2021-10-22 杜邦营养生物科学有限公司 Enzymes for extraction saccharification in assisted brewing
EP3869978A4 (en) * 2018-10-22 2022-11-23 DuPont Nutrition Biosciences ApS Enzymes for infusion mashing in adjunct brewing technical field
CN110879260A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-03-13 江南大学 Method for predicting barley malt filtering speed through arabinoxylan content

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2005121305A1 (en) Mashing process
EP2222830B1 (en) Mashing process
US9670509B2 (en) Alcohol product processes
US20170306309A1 (en) Variants having glucoamylase activity
WO2008023060A1 (en) Fermentation process
CN103502420B (en) Method for producing beer wort
US20040115779A1 (en) Fermentation process
US20140170712A1 (en) Mashing Process
EP1373539A2 (en) Improved fermentation process
EP1812547A1 (en) Mashing process and enzyme composition useful therein
US20060083819A1 (en) Beer mashing process
WO2007144393A1 (en) Mashing process
US20160215244A1 (en) Method for Production of Brewers Wort
EP2909320A1 (en) Method for production of brewers wort
CN102186965B (en) Brewing process
US8765199B2 (en) Mashing process
CN105623937A (en) Saccharifying method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase